Vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of cancer death by 16%.

PMID: 

BMJ. 2019 08 12 ;366:l4673. Epub 2019 Aug 12. PMID: 31405892

Abstract Title: 

Association between vitamin D supplementation and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether vitamin D supplementation is associated with lower mortality in adults.DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register from their inception to 26 December 2018.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Randomised controlled trials comparing vitamin D supplementation with a placebo or no treatment for mortality were included. Independent data extraction was conducted and study quality assessed. A meta-analysis was carried out by using fixed effects and random effects models to calculate risk ratio of death in the group receiving vitamin D supplementation and the control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All cause mortality.RESULTS: 52 trials with a total of 75 454 participants were identified. Vitamin D supplementation was not associated with all cause mortality (risk ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.02, I=0%), cardiovascular mortality (0.98, 0.88 to 1.08, 0%), or non-cancer, non-cardiovascular mortality (1.05, 0.93 to 1.18, 0%). Vitamin D supplementation statistically significantly reduced the risk of cancer death (0.84, 0.74 to 0.95, 0%). In subgroup analyses, all cause mortality was significantly lower in trials with vitamin Dsupplementation than in trials with vitamin Dsupplementation (P for interaction=0.04); neither vitamin Dnor vitamin Dwas associated with a statistically significant reduction in all cause mortality.CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D supplementation alone was not associated with all cause mortality in adults compared with placebo or no treatment. Vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of cancer death by 16%. Additional large clinical studies are needed to determine whether vitamin Dsupplementation is associated with lower all cause mortality.STUDY REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number CRD42018117823.

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