According to this in-depth statistical analysis, the authors conclude that of the decline in mortality rate in the 1900s, only about 3.5% can be attributed to medical interventions like vaccines.

PMID: 

Milbank Mem Fund Q Health Soc. 1977 ;55(3):405-28. PMID: 413067

Abstract Title: 

The questionable contribution of medical measures to the decline of mortality in the United States in the twentieth century.

Abstract: 

[No Abstract]

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