PMID:
Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2019 03 ;16(3):321-330. PMID: 30398895
Abstract Title:
The Association between Respiratory Infection and Air Pollution in the Setting of Air Quality Policy and Economic Change.
Abstract:
RATIONALE: Fine particulate matter air pollution of 2.5μm or less in diameter (PM) has been associated with an increased risk of respiratory disease, but assessments of specific respiratory infections in adults are lacking.OBJECTIVES: To estimate the rate of respiratory infection healthcare encounters in adults associated with acute increases in PMconcentrations.METHODS: Using case-crossover methods, we studied 498,118 adult New York State residents with a primary diagnosis of influenza, bacterial pneumonia, or culture-negative pneumonia upon hospitalization or emergency department (ED) visit (2005-2016). We estimated the relative rate of healthcare encounters associated with increases in PMin the previous 1-7 days and explored differences before (2005-2007), during (2008-2013), and after (2014-2016) implementation of air quality policies and economic changes.RESULTS: Interquartile range increases in PMover the previous 7 days were associated with increased excess rates (ERs) of culture-negative pneumonia hospitalizations (2.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-3.2%) and ED visits (2.5%; 95% CI, 1.4-3.6%), and increased ERs of influenza ED visits (3.9%; 95% CI, 2.1-5.6%). Bacterial pneumonia hospitalizations, but not ED visits, were associated with increases in PMand, though imprecise, were of a similar magnitude to culture-negative pneumonia (Lag Day 6 ER, 2.3%; 95% CI, 0.3-4.3). Increased relative rates of influenza ED visits and culture-negative pneumonia hospitalizations were generally larger in the"after"period (P
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