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[Video] K-State Hemp Research First Year

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β-carotene provides neuro protection after experimental traumatic brain injury via the Nrf2-ARE pathway.

PMID:

J Integr Neurosci. 2019 Jun 30 ;18(2):153-161. PMID: 31321956

Abstract Title:

β-carotene provides neuro protection after experimental traumatic brain injury via the Nrf2-ARE pathway.

Abstract:

We investigate whetherβ-carotene, a known natural antioxidant, can reduce oxidative stress induced by traumatic brain injury. In addition, we investigated the underlying mechanism of traumatic brain injury focusing on the NF-E2-related factor (Nrf2) pathway. A controlled cortical impact model was used to mimic traumaticbrain injury. Using this model, we evaluated brain edema, lesion volume, neurologic deficits, reactive oxygen species, and the expression of Nrf2-related protein markers. The results of our study demonstrated that cognitive performance and neural functions were improved with β-carotene administration. In addition, β-carotene reduced brain edema and reactive oxygen species levels after traumatic brain injury. Nrf2 nuclear accumulation was increased and was accompanied by decreased Keap1 expression. The expression of quinone oxidoreductase 1, a target gene of the Nrf2 signaling pathway was increased. However, lesion volume was not significantly reduced after β-carotene treatment. Taken together, our data demonstrated that β-carotene administration was neuroprotective and alleviated oxidative stress by modulating the Nrf2/Keap1- mediated antioxidant pathway in the traumatic brain injury model.

Bisphenol A exposure induces cholesterol synthesis and hepatic steatosis.

PMID:

Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 Aug 27 ;133:110786. Epub 2019 Aug 27. PMID: 31470036

Abstract Title:

Bisphenol A exposure induces cholesterol synthesis and hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6 mice by down-regulating the DNA methylation levels of SREBP-2.

Abstract:

Bisphenol A (BPA), a major plasticizers that are commonly used for lining of beverage or food-storage containers, has been shown to increase cholesterol levels with molecular mechanism not clear. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of BPA exposure on liver cholesterol synthesis and hepatic steatosis in male C57BL/6 mice and its underlying mechanisms. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to different doses (50, 500 and 5000 μg/kg/day) of BPA through diet for 16 weeks. Exposure to low doses (50 and 500 μg/kg/day) of BPA increased hepatic cholesterol content and the expression levels of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and sterol regulatory element binding proteins-2 (SREBP-2). DNA methylation analysis further showed that mice exposed to low-dose BPA decreased the DNA methylation levels of SREBP-2. Moreover, low doses of BPA exposure increased the expression levels of SREBP-1c and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 in the liver, and induced hepatic lipid synthesis and fat accumulation.Our results suggest that low-dose BPA exposure could induce hepatic cholesterol synthesis through decreasing the DNA methylation levels of SREBP-2 and subsequently up-regulating the expression of genes related to cholesterol synthesis in the liver, which causes cholesterol accumulation and further induces liver lipid synthesis and hepatic steatosis.

Bisphenol A may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome.

PMID:

Occup Environ Med. 2019 Aug 22. Epub 2019 Aug 22. PMID: 31439688

Abstract Title:

Urinary bisphenol A and incidence of metabolic syndrome among Chinese men: a prospective cohort study from 2013 to 2017.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVES: Experimental studies suggested that bisphenol A (BPA) exposure increased the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) through the mechanism of insulin resistance. All previous epidemiological studies of BPA and MetS were cross-sectional studies, and their findings were mixed. This study aims to provide further evidence on the association between urinary BPA and risk of MetS using a prospective cohort study in China.METHODS: The study population was from the Shenzhen Night shift workers' cohort. A total of 1227 male workers were recruited from the baseline survey in 2013 and then followed until 2017. Modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were used to identify the cases of MetS. Urinary BPA concentration was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and it was categorised into three subgroups by tertiles to obtain the adjusted HR (aHR) and 95% CI using Cox proportional hazard model.RESULTS: During 4 years of follow-up, 200 subjects developed MetS. Compared with the lowest urinary BPA subgroup, a weakly increased risk of MetS was suggested among those with the middle (aHR=1.19, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.63) and high level of urinary BPA (aHR=1.16, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.59); however, the significant association with MetS was restricted primarily to the smokers, showing a positive gradient with urinary BPA (middle level: aHR=2.40, 95% CI 1.13 to 5.08; high level: aHR=2.87, 95% CI 1.38 to 5.98;).CONCLUSION: This prospective cohort study provided further evidence that exposure to BPA may increase the risk of MetS, and this association was further positively modified by cigarette smoking.

Overexposure to bisphenol A and its chlorinated derivatives of patients with end-stage renal disease during online hemodiafiltration.

PMID:

Biomolecules. 2019 Aug 22 ;9(9). Epub 2019 Aug 22. PMID: 31443526

Abstract Title:

Overexposure to Bisphenol A and Its Chlorinated Derivatives of Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease during Online Hemodiafiltration.

Abstract:

The health safety conditions governing the practice of online hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) do not yet incorporate the risks related to the presence of endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA). The aim of this study was to assess, for the first time, the exposure to BPA but also to its chlorinated derivatives (ClxBPA) (100 times more estrogenic than BPA) during OL-HDF. We demonstrated that BPA is transmitted by the different medical devices used in OL-HDF: ultrafilters, dialysis concentrate cartridges (and not only dialyzers, as previously described). Moreover, BPA has been found in dialysis water as well as in ultrapure dialysate and replacement fluid due to contamination of water coming from municipal network. Indeed, due to contaminations provided by both ultrafilters and water, high levels of BPA were determined in the infused replacement fluid (1033 ng.L) from the beginning of the session. Thus, our results demonstrate that dialysis water must be considered as an important exposure source to endocrine disruptors, especially since other micropollutants such as ClxBPA have also been detected in dialysis fluids. While assessment of the impact of this exposure remains to be done, these new findings should be taken into account to assess exposure risks in end-stage renal disease patients.

Environmentally relevant concentrations of bisphenol A interact with doxorubicin transcriptional effects in human cell lines.

PMID:

Toxics. 2019 Aug 29 ;7(3). Epub 2019 Aug 29. PMID: 31470548

Abstract Title:

Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Bisphenol A Interact with Doxorubicin Transcriptional Effects in Human Cell Lines.

Abstract:

The worldwide production of synthetic chemicals, including endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs), such as Bisphenol A (BPA) has increased significantly in the last two decades. Human exposure to BPA, particularly through ingestion, is continuous and ubiquitous. Although, considered a weak environmental estrogen, BPA can induce divergent biological responses through several signaling pathways, including carcinogenesis in hormone-responsive organs. However, and despite the continuous increase of tumor cell-resistance to therapeutic drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), information regarding BPA drug interactions is still scarce, although its potential role in chemo-resistance has been suggested. This study aims to assess the potential interactions between environmentally relevant levels of BPA and DOX at a therapeutic dosage on Hep-2 and MRC-5 cell lines transciptome. Transcriptional effects in key-player genes for cancer biology, namely,, and, were evaluated through qRT-PCR. The cellular response was analyzed after exposure to BPA, DOX, or co-exposure to both chemicals. Transcriptional analysis showed that BPA exposure induces upregulation ofand endorses an antagonistic non-monotonic response on DOX transcriptional effects. Moreover, the BPA interaction with DOX onandexpression emphasize its cellular specificity and divergent effects. Overall, Hep-2 was more susceptible to BPA effects in a dose-dependent manner while MRC-5 transcriptional levels endorsed a non-monotonic response. Our data indicate that BPA environmental exposure may influence chemotherapy outcomes, which emphasize the urgency for a better understanding of BPA interactions with chemotherapeutic agents, in the context of risk assessment.

Assessment of bisphenol A levels in preschool children-Results of a human biomonitoring study in Ankara, Turkey

PMID:

J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2019 Sep 2. Epub 2019 Sep 2. PMID: 31475509

Abstract Title:

Assessment of bisphenol A levels in preschool children-Results of a human biomonitoring study in Ankara, Turkey

Abstract:

Objective: There is general concern regarding environmental chemical exposures and the impact it may have on human health, which is particularly important for vulnerable populations such as infants and children in critical periods of development. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical used worldwide over the last 30 years in many consumer products that play an important role in our daily life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure of Turkish preschool children to BPA.Methods: This study conducted a preliminary investigation of BPA in urine collected from 3-6 year old children (mean age: 4.50±1.26) living in Ankara. For this purpose, after spot urine samples were taken from preschool children (n=125; Males n= 70, Females n=55), free BPA, β-D-glucuronide (BPA-GLU) and total BPA were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).Results: Total BPA was detected in 76.8% of children from Ankara city, with concentrations ranging from0.05). The estimated daily BPA intake in this study is substantially lower than the European Food Safety Authority derived tolerable Daily intake (TDI) of 4µg/kg BW/day.Conclusion: This study is an important contribution to the limited information about childhood exposure to BPA.

Low-dose bisphenol A exposure impairs learning and memory ability with alterations of neuromorphology and neurotransmitters in rats.

PMID:

Sci Total Environ. 2019 Aug 21 ;697:134036. Epub 2019 Aug 21. PMID: 31476513

Abstract Title:

Low-dose bisphenol A exposure impairs learning and memory ability with alterations of neuromorphology and neurotransmitters in rats.

Abstract:

To investigate the developmental neurotoxicity of environmental bisphenol A (BPA) exposure for infants and children, postnatal rats were used as the animal model and were divided into four groups. Then, they were treated with different concentrations of BPA (i.e., 0, 0.5, 50, or 5000 μg/kg·bw/day of BPA as the control, low-, medium- and high-exposed group) from postnatal days 7 to 21. Y-maze tests, Golgi-Cox assays and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) were performed to test the changes of learning and memory ability, hippocampal neuromorphology andneurotransmitter levels, respectively. The results showed that the BPA-exposed rats, especially the low- and high-exposed rats, needed more trials and longer times to qualify for the learned criterion than the control rats. Additionally, rats after low- or high-exposure to BPA exhibited decreased DGdendritic complexity and reduced CA1 and DG dendritic spine densities in the hippocampus. Low-dosage BPA treatment could significantly alter the neurotransmitter contents in the hippocampus. In male rats, the levels of glutamic acid (Glu) and acetylcholine increased, while the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels decreased, which lead to an unbalanced Glu/GABA ratio. However, in female rats, only 5-HT levels decreased. In conclusion, postnatal exposure to BPA could sex- and dose-dependently disrupt dendritic development and neurotransmitter homeostasis in the rathippocampus. The impaired spatial learning and memory ability of rats induced by low-dose BPA is associated with both disrupted dendritic development and neurotransmitter homeostasis in the hippocampus.

β-Carotene is a potent anti-inflammatory agent, which improves atopic dermatitis-like skin by enhancing the skin barrier function.

PMID:

J Oleo Sci. 2019 Aug 1 ;68(8):793-802. Epub 2019 Jul 10. PMID: 31292344

Abstract Title:

Effects of Post-administration ofβ-Carotene on Diet-induced Atopic Dermatitis in Hairless Mice.

Abstract:

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a cutaneous condition characterized by itchy, swollen, and dry skin, which is mediated by T helper cell-related cytokines.β-Carotene, a natural red pigment found in plants, exhibits antioxidant activity that has been shown to promote an inflammatory response. Because it is not clear whether β-carotene suppresses inflammation in AD skin tissues, we examined the effects of oral administration of β-carotene in mice induced by a low zinc/magnesium diet (HR-AD diet). Our studies found that AD-like inflammation was remarkably reduced by β-carotene. In addition, β-carotene significantly suppressed protein expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 and mRNA expression of TSLP, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, and Par-2 in AD-like skin tissues. It was also found that mRNA and protein expression of filaggrin (a major structural protein in epidermis) in AD-like skin was significantly elevated by β-carotene administration. Furthermore, β-carotene treatment significantly reduced the activity and/or mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), degradation of the extracellular matrix and regulation of chemokines. These results suggest that β-carotene reduces skin inflammation through the suppressed expression of inflammatory factors or the activity of MMPs as well as the promotion of filaggrin expression in AD-like skin. β-Carotene is a potent anti-inflammatory agent, which improves AD-like skin by enhancing the skin barrier function.