PMID: 

Heliyon. 2019 Jun ;5(6):e01945. Epub 2019 Jun 14. PMID: 31431930

Abstract Title: 

Anti-stress effects of the hydroalcoholic extract ofin mice.

Abstract: 

, a plant of thegenus, has been used widely since the 13century and is cultivated in many areas as a medicinal plant for the preparation of herbal medicines. However, details of the neuropsychological effects ofremain unclear; therefore we aimed to investigate the neuropsychological effects of a water-soluble extract ofin male C57BL/6N mice under normal conditions and under chronic stress. We administered a water-soluble extract ofto mice and performed a series of behavioral experiments to compare the treated animals with the untreated controls. No significant differences in activity level, anxiety-like behavior, depression-like behavior, body weight, and body temperature were observed between-treated mice and control mice. However, in mice subjected to chronic stress, the observed decrease in activity was smaller in the-treated mice than in the control mice. The oral administration ofdid not affect the normal behavior of mice. However, when the mice were subjected to stress,exerted an anti-stress effect. Therefore,has potential as a medicinal plant for the purpose of stress prevention.

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PMID: 

Avicenna J Phytomed. 2019 Jul-Aug;9(4):386-395. PMID: 31309076

Abstract Title: 

Cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects ofSchrenk extracts on human liver and breast cancer cells.

Abstract: 

Objective: Schrenk has been consumed in Iranian traditional medicine. In contrary to its close species (e.g.), there is no data on its medicinal properties. Therefore, we explored possible cytotoxic effects ofagainst two cancer cell lines.Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects ofethanolic and aqueous extracts on human liver cancer cells (LCLPI 11), breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and fibroblast-like cells (HSkMC) were evaluated by MTT, BrdU and TUNEL assays.Results: Following 48 h, ICvalues for LCL-PI11 and MCF-7 cells were found to be 3.9 and 4.2μg/mL for aqueous extract, and 2.3 and 2.7 μg/mL for ethanolic extract, respectively.BrdU assay data verified the MTT results and showed that both extracts inhibit cell proliferation as much as 5-fluorouracil does (p

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PMID: 

Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 Jul 30 ;132:110739. Epub 2019 Jul 30. PMID: 31374297

Abstract Title: 

Protective effects of Aronia melanocarpa juices either alone or combined with extracts from Rosa canina or Alchemilla vulgaris in a rat model of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers.

Abstract: 

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of four Aronia melanocarpa-based juices in a rat model of indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration. THE JUICES WERE: AM1 and AM2 (produced from aronia fruits at 20 °C and 60 °C, respectively), AMRC (a mixture of AM2 with Rosa canina extract) and AMAV (aronia juice with Alchemilla vulgaris). Male Wistar rats were used. Each of the juices (10 ml/kg) was administered for 10 days. Indomethacin (30 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously and after 4 h, theeffects were estimated. Indomethacin caused heavy destructions of the gastric mucosa, increased the expression of Bax and decreased the expression of Bcl-2, induced a certain increase in lipid peroxidation and a slight decrease in gastric PGE2 content. The pretreatment with the juices reduced the severity of indomethacin-induced gastric lesions and antagonized the effects of indomethacin on apoptosis and lipid peroxidation. The highest was the protective effect of AMAV, the juice with the highest polyphenolic content. The protective effect of Aronia melanocarpa-based juices against indomethacin-induced gastric lesions could be attributed to their polyphenolic contents. The mechanism involved to the highest extent in the protective effect of the juices was the inhibition of apoptosis.

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PMID: 

Nutrients. 2019 Jun 12 ;11(6). Epub 2019 Jun 12. PMID: 31212794

Abstract Title: 

Aronia Berry Supplementation Mitigates Inflammation in T Cell Transfer-Induced Colitis by Decreasing Oxidative Stress.

Abstract: 

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease. Consumption of aronia berry inhibits T cell transfer colitis, but the antioxidant mechanisms pertinent to immune function are unclear. We hypothesized that aronia berry consumption could inhibit inflammation by modulating the antioxidant function of immunocytes and gastrointestinal tissues. Colitis was induced in recombinase activating gene-1 deficient () mice injected with syngeneic CD4CD62Lnaïve T cells. Concurrent with transfer, mice consumed either 4.5%/aronia berry-supplemented or a control diet for five weeks. Aronia berry inhibited intestinal inflammation evidenced by lower colon weight/length ratios, 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) uptake, mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in the colon. Aronia berry also suppressed systemic inflammation evidenced by lower FDG uptake in the spleen, liver, and lung. Colitis induced increased colon malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased colon glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, reduced glutathione (rGSH) level, and suppressed expression of antioxidant enzymes in the colon and mesenteric lymph node (MLN). Aronia berry upregulated expression of antioxidant enzymes, prevented colitis-associated depletion of rGSH, and maintained GPx activity. Moreover, aronia berry modulated mitochondria-specific antioxidant activity and decreased splenic mitochondrial HOproduction in colitic mice. Thus, aronia berry consumption inhibits oxidative stress in the colon during T cell transfer colitis because of its multifaceted antioxidant function in both the cytosol and mitochondria of immunocytes.

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PMID: 

Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Aug 22 ;8(9). Epub 2019 Aug 22. PMID: 31443476

Abstract Title: 

Anthocyanins and Their Metabolites as Therapeutic Agents for Neurodegenerative Disease.

Abstract: 

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are characterized by the death of neurons within specific regions of the brain or spinal cord. While the etiology of many neurodegenerative diseases remains elusive, several factors are thought to contribute to the neurodegenerative process, such as oxidative and nitrosative stress, excitotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, protein aggregation, and neuroinflammation. These processes culminate in the death of vulnerable neuronal populations, which manifests symptomatically as cognitive and/or motor impairments. Until recently, most treatments for these disorders have targeted single aspects of disease pathology; however, this strategy has proved largely ineffective, and focus has now turned towards therapeutics which target multiple aspects underlying neurodegeneration. Anthocyanins are unique flavonoid compounds that have been shown to modulate several of the factors contributing to neuronal death, and interest in their use as therapeutics for neurodegeneration has grown in recent years. Additionally, due to observations that the bioavailability of anthocyanins is low relative to that of their metabolites, it has been proposed that anthocyanin metabolites may play a significant part in mediating the beneficial effects of an anthocyanin-rich diet. Thus, in this review, we will explore the evidence evaluating the neuroprotective and therapeutic potential of anthocyanins and their common metabolites for treating neurodegenerative diseases.

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PMID: 

J Am Coll Nutr. 2019 Aug 12:1-9. Epub 2019 Aug 12. PMID: 31403889

Abstract Title: 

Nephroprotective Effect ofSeed Oil on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats: Biochemical Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Antiapoptotic Pathways.

Abstract: 

Gentamicin is an efficacious aminoglycoside antibiotic widely used to treat life-threatening Gram-negative bacteria infections. However, its specific non-targeted induction of nephrotoxicity is a worrying clinical challenge. The study explored the nephroprotective effect ofseed oil (MOO) against gentamicin-induced oxidative nephrotoxicity, pro-inflammation, and apoptosis in male Wistar rats.Twenty-four rats divided into 4 groups (n = 6) were administered MOO (5 ml/kg) for 16 days and/or gentamicin (100 mg/kg bw/d, ip) injected from day 11 to day 16. The renal antioxidant enzyme activities reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and serum renal markers. Urea and creatinine levels were estimated. The renal expressionof interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) were determined. Renal levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB), and caspase-3 were determined to detect possible mechanism of inflammation and apoptosiswith histology.MOO prominently reduced serum creatinine and urea levels with amelioration of histopathological abrasions induced by gentamicin (GM). It significantly depressed oxidative stress through lowering of renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and elevation of renal superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and reduced glutathione (GSH) level. MOO restored renal content of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NO, coupled with the mechanistic downregulation of NF-ĸB, iNOS, and caspase-3 activities. The histopathological alterations were ameliorated by MOO.MOO possesses marked nephroprotective effect against GM-induced renal damage via modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in Wistar rats.

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PMID: 

Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Aug 9 ;8(8). Epub 2019 Aug 9. PMID: 31404978

Abstract Title: 

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Crude Extracts offrom Kenya and Their Correlations with Flavonoids.

Abstract: 

Lam. () is commonly distributed and utilized in tropical and sub-tropical areas. There has been a large number of reports on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of its leaves, but only a few about its seeds and roots. Hence, in this work we aimed to systematically compare the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol crude extracts of leaves, seeds, and roots offrom Kenya, and further correlate the differential activities with the chemical constituents from these three parts. The antioxidant activities were measured by using three different assays (DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and FRAP (Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power), respectively). Results showed that the leaf extracts displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP total reducing power activities with ICvalues of 1.02± 0.13 mg/mL and 0.99 ± 0.06 mM Fe/g, respectively; the leaf and root extracts exhibited potential ABTS radical scavenging activities with the ICvalues of 1.36± 0.02 and 1.24 ± 0.03 mg/mL. Meanwhile, the leaf and seed extracts (11.1-100 µg/mL) also exerted obvious anti-inflammatory activities, as indicated by the inhibition of NO production. To further reveal correlations between these differential activities with the chemical constituents in the threeorgans, the total flavonoids content (TFC) of the three different extracts were evaluated, and the TFC of leaves, seeds and roots were found to be 192.36 ± 2.96, 5.89 ± 0.65 and 106.79 ± 2.12 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g, respectively. These findings indicated the important impacts of the total flavonoid contents on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Additionally, we further determined the phytochemical profiles ofby HPLC-UV/ESI-MS/MS, and identified most of the chemical constituents of leaves as flavonoids. In summary, the leaves ofare a better potential natural source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, and very promising for development into the health promoting dietary supplements.

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With about 1 billion health searches happening on Google every day, it’s not hard to understand why censoring natural health information serves a multitude of interests, not the least of which is Big Pharma’s bottom line.

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With about 1 billion health searches happening on Google every day, it’s not hard to understand why censoring natural health information serves a multitude of interests, not the least of which is Big Pharma’s bottom line.

A new analysis released by Bob Troia, Twitter handle Quantified Bob, reveals how health sites have been decimated by Google in the period tracked from April 15th, 2018 to August 15th, 2019.

He posted the following graphic on Twitter on August 25th, 2019, showing as high as a 99.87% decrease in visibility through Google search results, and a 81.14% drop for Greenmedinfo.com. 

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PMID: 

Environ Pollut. 2014 Apr ;187:130-5. Epub 2014 Jan 28. PMID: 24486466

Abstract Title: 

Perinatal multiple exposure to neurotoxic (lead, methylmercury, ethylmercury, and aluminum) substances and neurodevelopment at six and 24 months of age.

Abstract: 

We studied neurodevelopment in infants from two communities. Children living in the vicinity of tin-ore kilns and smelters – TOKS; n = 51) were compared to children from a fishing village (Itapuã; n = 45). Mean hair-Hg (HHg) concentrations were significantly higher in Itapuã children which received significantly (p = 0.0000001) less mean ethylmercury (88.6 μg) from Thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCV) than the TOKS children (120 μg). Breast-milk Pb concentrations were significantly higher in the TOKS mothers (p = 0.000017; 10.04 vs. 3.9 μg L(-1)). Bayley mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI) were statistically significant (respectively p 

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