PMID: 

Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2019 Aug 18. Epub 2019 Aug 18. PMID: 31421665

Abstract Title: 

Effect of Hatha yoga training on rhinitis symptoms and cytokines in allergic rhinitis patients.

Abstract: 

INTRODUCTION: Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa in response to allergens. There is evidence that yoga can improve personal health and has positive effects on immune function. However, the effects of Hatha yoga training on rhinitis symptoms and cytokines in patients with allergic rhinitis are still unclear.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Hatha yoga training on rhinitis symptoms and cytokines in allergic rhinitis patients.METHODS: Twenty-seven allergic rhinitis patients were randomized into 2 groups: a control group (CON; n = 14) and a yoga group (YOG; n = 13). The CON group continued with normal activities and the YOG group was required to complete a protocol of Hatha yoga training for 60 minutes per session, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Physiological characteristics, allergic rhinitis symptoms, and cytokine secretions were comparatively analyzed before and after yoga training.RESULTS: After 8 weeks, the YOG group had increased peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) and exhibited significantly decreased rhinitis symptoms and nasal blood flow (NBF) compared to pre-test. Moreover, the YOG group had significantly higher nasal secretion of interleukin (IL)-2 than the CON group.CONCLUSION: The present findings demonstrated that 8 weeks of Hatha yoga training had beneficial effects in allergic rhinitis by improved clinical allergic rhinitis and cytokine profiles.

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PMID: 

Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019 Aug 16. Epub 2019 Aug 16. PMID: 31425383

Abstract Title: 

Exercise Training Modulates Gut Microbiota Profile and Improves Endotoxemia.

Abstract: 

INRTRODUCTION: Intestinal metabolism and microbiota profiles are impaired in obesity and insulin resistance. Moreover, dysbiotic gut microbiota has been suggested to promote systemic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance through the release of endotoxins particularly lipopolysaccharides. We have previously shown that exercise training improves intestinal metabolism in healthy men. To understand whether changes in intestinal metabolism interact with gut microbiota and its release of inflammatory markers, we studied the effects of sprint interval (SIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on intestinal metabolism and microbiota in insulin resistance.METHODS: Twenty-six, sedentary subjects (prediabetic n=9, T2D n=17; age 49[SD 4] years; BMI 30.5[SD 3]) were randomized into SIT or MICT. Intestinal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) and fatty acid uptake (FAU) from circulation were measured using PET. Gut microbiota composition was analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and serum inflammatory markers with multiplex assays and enzyme-linked immunoassay kit.RESULTS: VO2peak improved only after SIT (p=0.01). Both training modes reduced systematic and intestinal inflammatory markers (TNFα, LBP) (time p

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PMID: 

J Phys Act Health. 2019 Aug 5:1-7. Epub 2019 Aug 5. PMID: 31387083

Abstract Title: 

The Association of Physical Activity and Mortality Risk Reduction Among Smokers: Results From 1998-2009 National Health Interview Surveys-National Death Index Linkage.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: The mortality benefits of meeting the US federal guidelines for physical activity, which includes recommendations for both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities, have never been examined among smokers. Our aim was to investigate the association between reporting to meet the guidelines and all-cause, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease mortality among smokers.METHODS: We pooled data from the 1998-2009 National Health Interview Survey, which were linked to records in the National Death Index (n = 68,706). Hazard ratios (HR) were computed to estimate the effect of meeting the physical activity guidelines on mortality.RESULTS: Smokers who reported meeting the guidelines for physical activity had 29% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.81), 46% lower risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease (HR: 0.54; 95% CI, 0.39-0.76), and 26% lower risk of mortality from cancer (HR: 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59-0.93), compared with those who reported meeting neither the aerobic nor the muscle-strengthening recommendations of the guidelines. Meeting the aerobic recommendation of the guidelines was associated with a 42% decline in that risk (HR: 0.58; 95% CI, 0.44-0.77).CONCLUSION: Smokers who adhere to physical activity guidelines show a significant reduction in mortality.

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PMID: 

Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Aug ;98(32):e16820. PMID: 31393414

Abstract Title: 

Similar effects of low to moderate-intensity exercise program vs moderate-intensity continuous exercise program on depressive disorder in heart failure patients: A 12-week randomized controlled trial.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Heart failure related depression is recently increased worldwide. Heart failure (HF) disease is identified as a critical cause of increasing morbidity, hospital readmission, and mortality. The most important purpose of treatment of HF disease is to relief disease problems, improve functional performance, and achieve better quality of life.OBJECTIVES: This study was proposed to evaluate the effects of low to moderate-intensity exercise program vs moderate-intensity continuous exercise program on the level of depressive disorder in heart failure patients.STUDY DESIGN: 12-week randomized controlled trial.METHODS: Sixty nine HF patients with mild to moderate level of depression and ejection fraction

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PMID: 

Br J Sports Med. 2019 Aug 12. Epub 2019 Aug 12. PMID: 31406017

Abstract Title: 

Association of high amounts of physical activity with mortality risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVES: To systematically review and analyse studies of high amounts of physical activity and mortality risk in the general population.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Inclusion criteria related to follow-up (minimum 2 years), outcome (mortality from all causes, cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) or coronary heart disease), exposure (eg, a category of>1000 metabolic equivalent of task (MET) min/week), study design (prospective cohort, nested case control or case-cohort) and reports of cases and person years of exposure categories.INFORMATION SOURCES: Systematic searches were conducted in Embase and Pubmed from database inception to 2 March 2019.RISK OF BIAS: The quality of the studies was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.INCLUDED STUDIES: From 31 368 studies identified, 48 were included. Two authors independently extracted outcome estimates and assessed study quality.SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS: We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) using random effect restricted cubic spline dose-response meta-analyses. Compared with the recommended level of physical activity (750 MET min/week), mortality risk was lower at physical activity levels exceeding the recommendations, at least until 5000 MET min/week for all cause mortality (HR=0.86, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.94) and for CVD mortality (HR=0.73, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.95).STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF EVIDENCE: The strengths of this study include the detailed dose-response analyses, inclusion of 48 studies and examination of sources of heterogeneity. The limitations include the observational nature of the included studies and the inaccurate estimations of amount of physical activity.INTERPRETATION: Compared with the recommended level, mortality risk was lower at physical activity levels well above the recommended target range. Further, there was no threshold beyond which lifespan was compromised.REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42017055727.

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PMID: 

J Clin Oncol. 2019 Aug 13:JCO1901019. Epub 2019 Aug 13. PMID: 31408415

Abstract Title: 

Associations of Physical Activity With Survival and Progression in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results From Cancer and Leukemia Group B (Alliance)/SWOG 80405.

Abstract: 

PURPOSE: Regular physical activity is associated with reduced risk of recurrence and mortality in patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer. Its influence on patients with advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has been largely unexplored.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study nested in Cancer and Leukemia Group B (Alliance)/SWOG 80405 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00265850), a National Cancer Institute-sponsored phase III trial of systemic therapy for mCRC. Within 1 month after therapy initiation, patients were invited to complete a validated questionnaire that reported average physical activity over the previous 2 months. On the basis of responses, we calculated metabolic equivalent task (MET) hours per week to quantify physical activity. The primary end point of the clinical trial and this companion study was overall survival (OS). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS) and first grade 3 or greater treatment-related adverse events. To minimize confounding by poor and declining health, we excluded patients who experienced progression or died within 60 days of activity assessment and used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to adjust for known prognostic factors, comorbidities, and weight loss.RESULTS: The final cohort included 1,218 patients. Compared with patients engaged in less than 3 MET hours per week of physical activity, patients engaged in 18 or more MET hours per week experienced an adjusted hazard ratio for OS of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.71 to 1.02;= .06) and for PFS of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.70 to 0.99;= .01). Compared with patients engaging in less than 9 MET hours per week, patients engaging in 9 or more MET hours per week experienced an adjusted hazard ratio for grade 3 or greater treatment-related adverse events of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.62 to 0.86;

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PMID: 

Sci Rep. 2019 Aug 19 ;9(1):12069. Epub 2019 Aug 19. PMID: 31427677

Abstract Title: 

An anti-inflammatory phenotype in visceral adipose tissue of old lean mice, augmented by exercise.

Abstract: 

Visceral adipose tissue is an immunogenic tissue, which turns detrimental during obesity by activation of proinflammatory macrophages. During aging, chronic inflammation increases proportional to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and associates with escalating morbidity and mortality. Here, we utilize a mouse model to investigate the inflammatory status of visceral adipose tissue in lean aging mice and assess the effects of exercise training interventions. We randomized adult (11 months; n = 21) and old (23 months; n = 27) mice to resistance training (RT) or endurance training (ET), or to a sedentary control group (S). Strikingly, we observed an anti-inflammatory phenotype in the old mice, consisting of higher accumulation of M2 macrophages and IL-10 expression, compared to the adult mice. In concordance, old mice also had less VAT mass and smaller adipocytes compared to adult mice. In both age groups, exercise training enhanced the anti-inflammatory phenotype and increased PGC1-α mRNA expression. Intriguingly, the brown adipose tissue marker UCP1 was modestly higher in old mice, while remained unchanged by the intervention. In conclusion, in the absence of obesity, visceral adipose tissue possesses a pronounced anti-inflammatory phenotype during aging which is further enhanced by exercise.

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PMID: 

Molecules. 2019 Jun 19 ;24(12). Epub 2019 Jun 19. PMID: 31248102

Abstract Title: 

Kaempferol: A Key Emphasis to Its Anticancer Potential.

Abstract: 

A marked decrease in human cancers, including breast cancer, bone cancer, and cervical cancer, has been linked to the consumption of vegetable and fruit, and the corresponding chemoprotective effect has been associated with the presence of several active molecules, such as kaempferol. Kaempferol is a major flavonoid aglycone found in many natural products, such as beans, bee pollen, broccoli, cabbage, capers, cauliflower, chia seeds, chives, cumin, moringa leaves, endive, fennel, and garlic. Kaempferol displays several pharmacological properties, among them antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic activities, and is being applied in cancer chemotherapy. Specifically, kaempferol-rich food has been linked to a decrease in the risk of developing some types of cancers, including skin, liver, and colon. The mechanisms of action include apoptosis, cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, downregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways. In this sense, this article reviews data from experimental studies that investigated the links between kaempferol and kaempferol-rich food intake and cancer prevention. Even though growing evidence supports the use of kaempferol for cancer prevention, further preclinical and clinical investigations using kaempferol or kaempferol-rich foods are of pivotal importance before any public health recommendation or formulation using kaempferol.

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PMID: 

J Cell Mol Med. 2019 Jul 5. Epub 2019 Jul 5. PMID: 31273920

Abstract Title: 

Kaempferol attenuates liver fibrosis by inhibiting activin receptor-like kinase 5.

Abstract: 

Liver fibrosis is a common public health problem. Patients with liver fibrosis are more likely to develop cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as a more serious consequence. Numerous therapeutic approaches have emerged, but the final clinical outcome remains unsatisfactory. Here, we discovered a flavonoid natural product kaempferol that could dramatically ameliorate liver fibrosis formation. Our data showed that intraperitoneal injection of kaempferol could significantly decrease the necroinflammatory scores and collagen deposition in the liver tissue. In addition, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), laminin (LN) and hyaluronic acid (HA) levels were significantly down-regulated in kaempferol treatment group compared with those in the control group. Our study also demonstrated that kaempferol markedly inhibited the synthesis of collagen and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the results of Western blotting revealed that kaempferol could down-regulate Smad2/3 phosphorylation dose-dependently. These bioactivities of kaempferol may result from its targeted binding to the ATP-binding pocket of activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), as suggested by the molecular docking study and LanthaScreen Eu kinase binding assay. Above all, our data indicate that kaempferol may prove to be a novel agent for the treatment of liver fibrosis or other fibroproliferative diseases.

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PMID: 

Viruses. 2019 Jul 7 ;11(7). Epub 2019 Jul 7. PMID: 31284698

Abstract Title: 

Antiviral Efficacy of Flavonoids against Enterovirus 71 Infection in Vitro and in Newborn Mice.

Abstract: 

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection is known to cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which is associated with neurological complications; however, there is currently no effective treatment for this infection. Flavonoids are a large group of naturally occurring compounds with multiple bioactivities, and the inhibitory effects of several flavonoids against EV71 have been studied in cell cultures; however, to date, there are no reported data on their effects in animal models. In this study, we confirmed the in vitro activities of eight flavonoids against EV71 infection, based on the inhibition of cytopathic effects. Moreover, these flavonoids were found to reduce viral genomic RNA replication and protein synthesis. We further demonstrated the protective efficacy of these flavonoids in newborn mice challenged with a lethal dose of EV71. Apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol, formononetin, and penduletin conferred survival protection of 88.89%, 91.67%, 88.89%, 75%, and 66.67%, respectively, from the lethal EV71 challenge. In addition, isorhamnetin provided the highest mice survival protection of 100% at a dose of 10 mg/kg. This study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to evaluate the in vivo anti-EV7l activities of multiple flavonoids, and we accordingly identified flavonoids as potential leading compounds for anti-EV71 drug development.

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