PMID: 

Eur J Cancer Prev. 2002 Aug ;11(4):377-86. PMID: 12195165

Abstract Title: 

Cellular and cordless telephones and the risk for brain tumours.

Abstract: 

Microwave exposure from the use of cellular telephones has been discussed in recent years as a potential risk factor for brain tumours. We included in a case-control study 1617 patients aged 20-80 years of both sexes with brain tumour diagnosed between 1 January 1997 and 30 June 2000. They were alive at the study time and had histopathologically verified brain tumour. One matched control to each case was selected from the Swedish Population Register. The study area was the Uppsala-Orebro, Stockholm, Linköping and Göteborg medical regions of Sweden. Exposure was assessed by a questionnaire that was answered by 1429 (88%) cases and 1470 (91%) controls. In total, use of analogue cellular telephones gave an increased risk with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.6). With atumour induction period of>10 years the risk increased further: OR 1.8 (95% CI 1.1-2.9). No clear association was found for digital or cordless telephones. With regard to the anatomical area of the tumour and exposure to microwaves, the risk was increased for tumours located in the temporal area on the same side of the brain that was used during phone calls; for analogue cellular telephones the OR was 2.5 (95% CI 1.3-4.9). Use of a telephone on the opposite side of the brain was not associated with an increased risk for brain tumours. With regard to different tumour types, the highest risk was for acoustic neurinoma (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.8-6.8) among analogue cellular telephone users.

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PMID: 

Biosci Rep. 2019 May 31 ;39(5). Epub 2019 May 17. PMID: 31028131

Abstract Title: 

Cardamonin exerts anti-gastric cancer activity via inhibiting LncRNA-PVT1-STAT3 axis.

Abstract: 

Gastric cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers each year, and it remains the third leading cause of cancer death in the world. The clinicopathologic characteristics differ among regions, so epigenetic changes play a key role in gastric carcinogenesis.In the present study, we first demonstrate that cardamonin, a natural production of chalcone, is an anti-gastric cancer agent in pre-clinical evaluation.Cardamonin inhibited proliferation and migration, induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. It could reduce the expression of apoptosis-related and migration-related genes and proteins. The constant activation of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signal is a major intrinsic signal for cancer inflammation. It regulates cellular proliferation, cell cycle, and migration that are critical for cancer procession. Cardamonin could effectively down-regulate p-STAT3 and abolish activation of STAT3 through inhibiting the expression of LncRNA-PVT1.The present study revealed that cardamonin is a potential natural source of anti-gastric cancer drugs via epigenetic mechanism to inhibit LncRNA-PVT1-STAT3 axis.

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PMID: 

Invest New Drugs. 2019 May 17. Epub 2019 May 17. PMID: 31102118

Abstract Title: 

Cardamonin, a natural chalcone, reduces 5-fluorouracil resistance of gastric cancer cells through targeting Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.

Abstract: 

Objectives Cardamonin (CD), an active chalconoid, has been extensively studied in a wide variety of human tumors. However, the effects and underlying mechanism of cardamonin on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of cardamonin on 5-FU-resistant GC cells and explore the molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic potential. Methods The antitumor activities of cardamonin, 5-FU and their combination against BGC-823 and BGC-823/5-FU cells were determined using cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometry-based cell cycle analysis and Annexin V apoptosis assay. The effect of cardamonin on P-glycoprotein activity was assessed by Rh123 uptake assay. Real-time PCR, Western blotting and Co-immunoprecipitation analysis were carried out to assess the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. A xenograft mouse model was established using BALB/c nude mice to examine the combinatorial effects of cardamonin and 5-FU on tumor growth. Results Our data provided the first demonstration that cardamonin significantly enhanced the chemosensitivity of 5-FU in GC cellsvia suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Additionally, the combination of cardamonin and 5-FU might result in the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of BGC-823/5-FU cells, accompanied by the downregulated expression levels of P-glycoprotein, β-catenin and TCF4. More importantly, our results demonstrated that cardamonin specifically disrupted the formation of β-catenin/TCF4 complex, leading to TCF4-mediated transcriptional activation in 5-FU-resistant GC cells. Besides, through a xenograft mouse model, co-administration of cardamonin and 5-FU significantly retarded tumor growth in vivo, thus, confirming our in vitro findings. Conclusions Overall, this study revealed that cotreatment of cardamonin and 5-FU could strongly potentiate the antitumor activity of 5-FU, and put forth cardamonin as a rational therapeutic strategy for drug-resistant GC treatment.

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PMID: 

Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2005 Sep ;78(8):625-32. Epub 2005 Oct 12. PMID: 16001209

Abstract Title: 

Use of cellular or cordless telephones and the risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the use of cellular and cordless telephones as the risk factor for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).METHODS: Male and female subjects aged 18-74 years living in Sweden were included during a period from 1 December 1999 to 30 April 2002. Controls were selected from the national population registry. Exposure to different agents was assessed by questionnaire.RESULTS: In total, 910 (91%) cases and 1016 (92%) controls participated. NHL of the B-cell type was not associated with the use of cellular or cordless telephones. Regarding T-cell NHL and>5 year latency period, the use of analogue cellular phones yielded: odds ratio (OR) = 1.46, 95%; confidence interval (CI) = 0.58-3.70, digital: OR=1.92, 95%; CI=0.77-4.80 and cordless phones: OR=2.47; CI=1.09-5.60. The corresponding results for certain, e.g. cutaneous and leukaemia, T-cell lymphoma for analogue phones were: OR=3.41, 95%; CI=0.78-15.0, digital: OR=6.12, 95%; CI=1.26-29.7 and cordless phones: OR=5.48, 95%; CI=1.26-23.9.CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate an association between T-cell NHL and the use of cellular and cordless telephones, however based on low numbers and must be interpreted with caution. Regarding B-cell NHL no association was found.

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PMID: 

Int J Oncol. 2011 May ;38(5):1465-74. Epub 2011 Feb 17. PMID: 21331446

Abstract Title: 

Pooled analysis of case-control studies on malignant brain tumours and the use of mobile and cordless phones including living and deceased subjects.

Abstract: 

We studied the association between use of mobile and cordless phones and malignant brain tumours. Pooled analysis was performed of two case-control studies on patients with malignant brain tumours diagnosed during 1997-2003 and matched controls alive at the time of study inclusion and one case-control study on deceased patients and controls diagnosed during the same time period. Cases and controls or relatives to deceased subjects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Replies were obtained for 1,251 (85%) cases and 2,438 (84%) controls. The risk increased with latency period and cumulative use in hours for both mobile and cordless phones. Highest risk was found for the most common type of glioma, astrocytoma, yielding in the>10 year latency group for mobile phone use odds ratio (OR) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.9-3.7 and cordless phone use OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.2-2.9. In a separate analysis, these phone types were independent risk factors for glioma. The risk for astrocytoma was highest in the group with first use of a wireless phone before the age of 20; mobile phone use OR = 4.9, 95% CI = 2.2-11, cordless phone use OR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.7-8.7. In conclusion, an increased risk was found for glioma and use of mobile or cordless phone. The risk increased with latency time and cumulative use in hours and was highest in subjects with first use before the age of 20.

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PMID: 

Neuroepidemiology. 2010 Aug ;35(2):109-14. Epub 2010 Jun 15. PMID: 20551697

Abstract Title: 

Mobile phone use and the risk for malignant brain tumors: a case-control study on deceased cases and controls.

Abstract: 

We investigated the use of mobile or cordless phones and the risk for malignant brain tumors in a group of deceased cases. Most previous studies have either left out deceased cases of brain tumors or matched them to living controls and therefore a study matching deceased cases to deceased controls is warranted. Recall error is one issue since it has been claimed that increased risks reported in some studies could be due to cases blaming mobile phones as a cause of the disease. This should be of less importance for deceased cases and if cancer controls are used. In this study brain tumor cases aged 20-80 years diagnosed during 1997-2003 that had died before inclusion in our previous studies on the same topic were included. Two control groups were used: one with controls that had died from another type of cancer than brain tumor and one with controls that had died from other diseases. Exposure was assessed by a questionnaire sent to the next-of-kin for both cases and controls. Replies were obtained for 346 (75%) cases, 343 (74%) cancer controls and 276 (60%) controls with other diseases. Use of mobile phones gave an increased risk, highest in the>10 years' latency group yielding odds ratio (OR) = 2.4, and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4-4.1. The risk increased with cumulative number of lifetime hours for use, and was highest in the>2,000 h group (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.6-7.1). No clear association was found for use of cordless phones, although OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 0.8-3.4 was found in the group with>2,000 h of cumulative use. This investigation confirmed our previous results of an association between mobile phone use and malignant brain tumors.

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PMID: 

Acta Pharm Sin B. 2019 Jul ;9(4):734-744. Epub 2019 Feb 14. PMID: 31384534

Abstract Title: 

Cardamonin from a medicinal herb protects against LPS-induced septic shock by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome.

Abstract: 

Aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse inflammation-related diseases, and pharmacological molecules targeting NLRP3 inflammasome are of considerable value to identifying potential therapeutic interventions. Cardamonin (CDN), the major active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has exerted an excellent anti-inflammatory activity, but the mechanism underlying this role is not fully understood. Here, we show that CDN blocks canonical and noncanonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation triggered by multiple stimuli. Moreover, the suppression of CDN on inflammasome activation is specific to NLRP3, not to NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasome. Besides, the inhibitory effect is not dependent on the expression of NF-B-mediated inflammasome precursor proteins. We also demonstrate that CDN suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome through blocking ASC oligomerization and speckle formation in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, CDN improves the survival of mice suffering from lethal septic shock and attenuates IL-1production induced by LPS, which is shown to be NLRP3 dependent. In conclusion, our results identify CDN as a broad-spectrum and specific inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome and a candidate therapeutic drug for treating NLRP3 inflammasome-driven diseases.

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PMID: 

Pathophysiology. 2009 Aug ;16(2-3):113-22. Epub 2009 Mar 5. PMID: 19268551

Abstract Title: 

Epidemiological evidence for an association between use of wireless phones and tumor diseases.

Abstract: 

During recent years there has been increasing public concern on potential cancer risks from microwave emissions from wireless phones. We evaluated the scientific evidence for long-term mobile phone use and the association with certain tumors in case-control studies, mostly from the Hardell group in Sweden and the Interphone study group. Regarding brain tumors the meta-analysis yielded for glioma odds ratio (OR)=1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.9-1.1. OR increased to 1.3, 95% CI=1.1-1.6 with 10 year latency period, with highest risk for ipsilateral exposure (same side as the tumor localisation), OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.4-2.4, lower for contralateral exposure (opposite side) OR=1.2, 95% CI=0.9-1.7. Regarding acoustic neuroma OR=1.0, 95% CI=0.8-1.1 was calculated increasing to OR=1.3, 95% CI=0.97-1.9 with 10 year latency period. For ipsilateral exposure OR=1.6, 95% CI=1.1-2.4, and for contralateral exposure OR=1.2, 95% CI=0.8-1.9 were found. Regarding meningioma no consistent pattern of an increased risk was found. Concerning age, highest risk was found in the age group10 year mobile phone use. We conclude that current standard for exposure to microwaves during mobile phone use is not safe for long-term exposure and needs to be revised.

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PMID: 

Int J Oncol. 2008 May ;32(5):1097-103. PMID: 18425337

Abstract Title: 

Meta-analysis of long-term mobile phone use and the association with brain tumours.

Abstract: 

We evaluated long-term use of mobile phones and the risk for brain tumours in case-control studies published so far on this issue. We identified ten studies on glioma and meta-analysis yielded OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.8-1.1. Latency period of>or =10-years gave OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.8-1.9 based on six studies, for ipsilateral use (same side as tumour) OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.2-3.4 (four studies), but contralateral use did not increase the risk significantly, OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.6-2.0. Meta-analysis of nine studies on acoustic neuroma gave OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.7-1.1 increasing to OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.6-2.8 using>or =10-years latency period (four studies). Ipsilateral use gave OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.1-5.3 and contra-lateral OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.7-2.2 in the>or =10-years latency period group (three studies). Seven studies gave results for meningioma yielding overall OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.7-0.99. Using>or =10-years latency period OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.9-1.8 was calculated (four studies) increasing to OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 0.99-3.1 for ipsilateral use and OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.3-3.1 for contralateral use (two studies). We conclude that this meta-analysis gave a consistent pattern of an association between mobile phone use and ipsilateral glioma and acoustic neuroma using>or =10-years latency period.

PMID: 

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017 Jun ;30(11):1355-1359. Epub 2016 Aug 10. PMID: 27427155

Abstract Title: 

Lasting hepatotoxic effects of prenatal mobile phone exposure.

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the livers of rats born to mothers exposed to electromagnetic field (EMF) were examined 60 days postpartum for biochemical and histopathological changes.METHODS: Pregnant rats were exposed to radiation (900 MHz EMF, 24 h/day for 20 days) using a digital signal generator by placing the device centrally under the cage, which formed the study (EMF) group, while untreated matching rats served as controls. Livers and blood were obtained from litters (seven males and seven females) of both groups 60 days after birth, which were used for biochemical and histopathological analyses.RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p 

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