PMID: 

Clin Invest Med. 2007 ;30(3):E108-13. PMID: 17716548

Abstract Title: 

Achieving the daily step goal of 10,000 steps: the experience of a Canadian family attached to pedometers.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Health experts recommend daily step goals of 10,000 steps for adults and 12,000 steps for youths to achieve a healthy active living. This article reports the findings of a Canadian family project to investigate whether the recommended daily step goals are achievable in a real life setting, and suggests ways to increase the daily steps to meet the goal. The family project also provides an example to encourage more Canadians to conduct family projects on healthy living.METHODS: This is a pilot feasibility study. A Canadian family was recruited for the study, with 4 volunteers (father, mother, son and daughter). Each volunteer was asked to wear a pedometer and to record daily steps for three time periods of each day during a 2-month period. Both minimal routine steps, and additional steps from special non-routine activities, were recorded at work, school and home.RESULTS: The mean number of daily steps from routine minimal daily activities for the family was 6685 steps in a day (16 hr, approx 400 steps/hr). There was thus a mean deficit of 4315 steps per day, or approximately 30,000 steps per week, from the goal (10,000 steps for adults; 12,000 steps for youths). Special activities that were found to effectively increase the steps above the routine level include: walking at brisk pace, grocery shopping, window shopping in a mall, going to an entertainment centre, and attending parties (such as to celebrate the holiday season and birthdays).DISCUSSION: To increase our daily steps to meet the daily step goal, a new culture is recommended:"get off the chair". By definition, sitting on a chair precludes the opportunity to walk. We encourage people to get off the chair, to go shopping, and to go partying, as a practical and fun way to increase the daily steps. This paper is a call for increased physical activity to meet the daily step goal.

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PMID: 

Clin Invest Med. 2007 ;30(3):E146-51. PMID: 17716553

Abstract Title: 

Daily step goal of 10,000 steps: a literature review.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: This review looks at ways to increase physical activity, by walking and other sports and home activities, to reach the daily 10,000 steps goal. It also looks at a number of issues associated with achieving the daily step goal, such as considerations in walking, step counting and physical activity.METHODS: The review is based on MEDLINE (1982-2006) and Google searches using keywords"pedometer","daily step goal","physical activity","exercise".RESULTS: Research has suggested a daily 10,000 step goal for maintaining a desirable level of physical activity for health. However, this is not normally achievable through routine daily activities. For many, there is a daily deficit of approximately 4000 steps (most from 3000 to 6000 steps), which must be gained from other more rigorous activities. This paper provides information based on the Compendium of Physical Activities, to help people to choose their physical activities to supplement their daily steps, through both sports activities and home activities. It thus helps people to better achieve the goals of Canada's Physical Activity Guide. There are issues to consider in counting steps. A pedometer is not an exact method to measure energy expenditure. Focusing on counting steps may lead to an obsessive attitude toward exercise. Excessive walking and physical activity may lead to certain health problems.DISCUSSION: Walking is a practical and fun way to change our sedentary life style and to improve the health of the nation. When there is a deficit in daily steps, both sports and home activities can be used to supplement the daily steps to reach the daily step goal. The user-friendly table provided in this paper helps people to identify the sports and home activities, and estimate the durations needed, to meet the daily step goal.

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PMID: 

Braz J Phys Ther. 2016 Jul-Aug;20(4):367-73. Epub 2016 Jun 16. PMID: 27556393

Abstract Title: 

Effects of 10,000 steps a day on physical and mental health in overweight participants in a community setting: a preliminary study.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Being overweight is associated not only with physical health problems, but also with risk of mental health problems. Increased physical activity (PA) has been recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease; however, little is known about the effect of walking on physical and mental health outcomes.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to explore the effectiveness of a pedometer-based PA intervention on physical and mental health states.METHOD: Thirty-five overweight participants with body mass index (BMI)≥25 kg•m-2 were selected and assigned to a 12-week pedometer-based walking program (10,000 steps•d-1). The profile of mood states, BMI, waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (%BF), and lean body mass (LBM) were measured before and after the 12-week intervention. The number of step counts was recorded 5 days a week in a diary booklet.RESULTS: The 30 participants who accumulated 10,000 steps•d-1 had significantly lower anxiety, depression, anger, fatigue, confusion, and total mood distress scores compared with measurements taken prior to the intervention. Further, the participants had higher vigor scores compared to baseline. Regarding physical health, the participants who accrued 10,000 steps a day had significantly lower body weight, WC, BMI, and %BP. After adjustment for gender, height, and daily steps at follow-up, changes in WC were negatively associated with depression, fatigue, confusion, and total mood distress.CONCLUSIONS: An increase in PA by accumulating at least 10,000 steps•d-1 over a 12-week period improves physical and mood states in sedentary, overweight individuals.

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PMID: 

Clin Med Insights Womens Health. 2016 ;9(Suppl 1):75-84. Epub 2016 Oct 6. PMID: 27746679

Abstract Title: 

Effects of a 12-Month Pedometer-Based Walking Intervention in Women of Low Socioeconomic Status.

Abstract: 

This study examined the effects of a 12-month walking intervention in overweight/obese, low socioeconomic women. Forty-six women (48.2± 8.0 years) entered the study. Outcomes included weight, waist and hip circumferences, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood lipids, fibrinogen, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Both intention-to-treat analyses in all participants and group analysesin study completers only (3K group = increased steps/day by ≥3,000; No Δ group = did not increase steps/day by ≥3,000) were conducted. Group × time ANOVA was used. In study completers, 3K significantly increased steps/day (6,903 ± 3,328 to 12,323 ± 5,736) compared to No Δ (4,926 ± 3,374 to5,174 ± 3,095) from baseline to 12 months. There was a significant time effect for weight (= 0.030), BMI (= 0.029), and hsCRP (= 0.044). Low socioeconomic women who adhere to a long-term, pedometer-based walking intervention significantly increased steps/day and may improve body weight, BMI, and hsCRP. This could help reduce health disparities in this population over time.

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PMID: 

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2020 Mar 18 ;191:110979. Epub 2020 Mar 18. PMID: 32276212

Abstract Title: 

Sulfonate modified Lactoferrin nanoparticles as drug carriers with dual activity against HIV-1.

Abstract: 

Intriguing properties and structural dynamics of Lactoferrin have been exploited in numerous applications, including its use as self-assembling, pH sensitive nanoparticles to deliver intended cargo at the disease site. In this study, we explore the possibility of surface modification of Lactoferrin nanoparticles to hone its specificity to target HIV-1 infected cells. Existence of free cysteine groups on Lactoferrin nanoparticles available for reaction with external molecules facilitates conjugation on the surface with Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (MES). Conjugation with MES is used to edge a negative charge that can mimic CCR5 and Heparan sulfate (initial point of contact of HIV-1 env to host cell surface) electrostatic charge (Sulfate group). A simple sono-chemical irradiation method was employed for self-assembly of Nanoparticles and for surface modification. The nanoparticles serve dual purpose to abrogate extracellular entry and to target viral enzymes, when loaded with ART drugs. The morphology and size distribution of the formed particles were explored using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering. Raman SERS was employed to understand the difference in the protein upon surface modification. The anti-HIV property of the particles was confirmed in-vitro. The modified device demonstrated acceptable nanoparticle properties with controlled release and higher effective concentration in the area of infection.

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PMID: 

J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2020 Apr 12. Epub 2020 Apr 12. PMID: 32279387

Abstract Title: 

Trace elements homeostasis in brain exposed to 900 MHz RFW emitted from a BTS-antenna model and the protective role of vitamin E.

Abstract: 

Advances in telecommunication and their broad usage in the community have become a great concern from the health aspect. The object of the present study was to examine the effects of exposure to 900 MHz RFW on brain Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Manganese (Mn) concentration, and the protective role of pre-treatment of vitamin E on mentioned elements homoeostasis. Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (200 ± 20 g) randomly were divided into four groups. Control group (without any exposure, received distilled water), treatment control group (orally received 250 mg/kg BW/d vitamin E), treatment group (received 250 mg/kg BW/d vitamin E and exposed to 900 MHz RFW) and sham-exposed group (exposed to 900 MHz RFW). Animals (with freely moving in the cage) were exposed to RFW for30 consecutive days (4 hr/day). The levels of the above mentioned elements in the brain tissue were determined on the last day using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Exposure to 900 MHz RFW induced a significant increase in the Fe, Cu, Mn levels and Cu/Zn ratio accompanied by a significant decrease in Zn level in the sham-exposed group compare to control group. Vitamin E pre-treatment improved the level of Fe, Cu, Mn and Cu/Zn ratio, except in the Zn concentration. Exposure to 900 MHz RFW caused disrupted trace elements homoeostasis in the brain tissue and administration of vitamin E as an antioxidant and neuroprotective agent improved the situation.

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PMID: 

Front Immunol. 2019 ;10:2291. Epub 2019 Sep 25. PMID: 31611877

Abstract Title: 

The Potential Protective Role of Vitamin D Supplementation on HIV-1 Infection.

Abstract: 

HIV infection remains a global and public health issue with the incidence increasing in some countries. Despite the fact that combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has decreased mortality and increased the life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals, non-AIDS conditions, mainly those associated with a persistent inflammatory state, have emerged as important causes of morbidity, and mortality despite effective antiviral therapy. One of the most common comorbidities in HIV-1 patients is Vitamin D (VitD) insufficiency, as VitD is a hormone that, in addition to its physiological role in mineral metabolism, has pleiotropic effects on immune regulation. Several reports have shown that VitD levels decrease during HIV disease progression and correlate with decreased survival rates, highlighting the importance of VitD supplementation during infection. An extensive review of 29 clinical studies of VitD supplementation in HIV-infected patients showed that regardless of cART, when VitD levels were increased to normal ranges, there was a decrease in inflammation, markers associated with bone turnover, and the risk of secondary hyperparathyroidism while the anti-bacterial response was increased. Additionally, in 3 of 7 studies, VitD supplementation led to an increase in CD4+ T cell count, although its effect on viral load was inconclusive since most patients were on cART. Similarly, previous evidence from our laboratory has shown that VitD can reduce the infection of CD4+ T cells. The effect of VitD supplementation on other HIV-associated conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia or hypertension, warrants further exploration. Currently, the available evidence suggests that there is a potential role for VitD supplementation in people living with HIV-1, however, comprehensive studies are required to define an adequate supplementation protocol for these individuals.

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PMID: 

Infect Drug Resist. 2020 ;13:111-118. Epub 2020 Jan 10. PMID: 32021325

Abstract Title: 

Role Of Vitamin-D Supplementation In TB/HIV Co-Infected Patients.

Abstract: 

Objective: This review aimed to assess the role of vitamin D supplementation on the decrement of mortality and morbidity rate among tuberculosis (TB)/human immune deficiency virus (HIV) co-infected clients.Pub Med, google scholar and google search were accessed to find out all document to describe this review article.Results: Nowadays TB/HIV co-infection has become a major global concern, particularly in low and middle-income countries.and HIV infections are co-endemic and more susceptible to the progression of TB. Immunosuppression associated with HIV is a strong risk factor for the reactivation of latent TB to the active form. Immune cells like macrophages recognizedthrough TLR2/1, and it increases the expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and CYP27B1. The synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D promotes VDR-mediated transactivation of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin and the killing of intracellular. Cathelicidins have a direct antimicrobial effect through membrane disruption. Besides, it has also antiviral effects via inhibition of retrovirus (HIV) replication. In fact, as some studies showed, there was a lower induction of cathelicidin in monocytes who have low vitamin D levels.Therefore, vitamin D supplementation can be directly involved in the reduction of TB/HIV co-infection and its progression.

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PMID: 

J Dairy Sci. 1987 May ;70(5):993-9. PMID: 3597940

Abstract Title: 

Vitamin E is immunostimulatory in calves.

Abstract: 

Thirty-two Holstein heifer calves, eight per group, were fed 0, 125, 250 or 500 IU/d of supplemental vitamin E/calf, from birth to 24 wk of age, in order to determine the effect on their immune responses. Overall mean lymphocyte blastogenic responses to various T-cell and B-cell mitogens were higher in supplemented calves than in control calves. Mean concentrations of cortisol in serum were lower in all supplemented calves than in control calves. Antibovine herpes-virus type 1 antibody titer (IgG) at 8 and 9 wk, in response to a commercial modified-live intranasal vaccine at 7 wk, was similar in all treatment groups. At 24 wk, in response to a booster at 21 wk, titer was higher in calves given 125 IU of vitamin E/d than in control calves. Based on the concentrations used, it is concluded that supplementation of conventional rations with 125 IU of vitamin E/d may maximize immune responses in calves and may be cost effective.

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PMID: 

Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003 Jan ;26(1):65-76. PMID: 12602688

Abstract Title: 

Immunomodulation by dietary vitamin C in healthy and aflatoxin B1-induced immunocompromised rohu (Labeo rohita).

Abstract: 

The aim of this study was to examine the immunomodulatory effect of high levels of dietary vitamin C in healthy and immunocompromised rohu (Labeo rohita) treated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Four groups of rohu were fed experimental diets containing either no vitamin C or supplemented with vitamin C at 500 ppm for 60 days. On the first day of feeding, one group fed the high vitamin C diet and one fed the vitamin C deficient diet, were injected intraperitoneally with a single doses of AFB1 at 1.25 mg kg(-1) body weight. The effect of AFB1 and high dietary vitamin C on specific and non-specific immunity, and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila were examined in the rohu. The ability of vitamin C to counteract immunosuppression induced by AFB1 was also examined. Specific immunity indicated by haemagglutination and haemolysin titres against sheep red blood cells (SRBC), and bacterial agglutination appeared to be unaffected by either the AFB1 treatment or the vitamin C enriched diet. A significant reduction was observed in the non-specific immunity of AFB1-treated fish, however, indicated by lowered bactericidal and lysozyme activities. High dietary vitamin C, on the other hand, enhanced the non-specific immunity of fish, including an enhanced phagocytic ratio and increased serum lysozyme activity. Feeding a high level of dietary vitamin C to AFB1-treated fish increased these parameters to levels similar to those found in control fish. High dietary vitamin C significantly (p

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