PMID: 

Biomed Res Int. 2019 ;2019:2971741. Epub 2019 Jan 3. PMID: 30719441

Abstract Title: 

Stress Response and Virulence Potential Modulating Effect of Peppermint Essential Oil in.

Abstract: 

is one of the most common food-borne bacteria that causes gastrointestinal symptoms. In the present study we have investigated the molecular basis of the anti-effect of peppermint essential oil (PEO), one of the oldest EO used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. Transcriptomic, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and proteomic, two-dimensional polyacryl amid gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) methods have revealed that, in the presence of a sublethal concentration of PEO, the expression of several virulence-associated genes was decreased (0.84x;0.79x;0.205x;0.08x;0.89x;0.25x;4.3x) while impaired motility was revealed with a functional analysis. Scanning electron micrographs of the exposed cells showed that, unlike in the presence of other stresses, the originally curvedcells straightened upon PEO exposure. Gaining insight into the molecular background of this stress response, we have revealed that in the presence of PEOdominantly exerts a general stress response that elevates the expression of general stress genes like,,(10.41x, 3.63x, and 4.77x). The most important genes,, andinvolved in oxidative stress responses showed however moderate transcriptional elevations (1,58x, 1,55x, and 1,85x).

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PMID: 

Plants (Basel). 2019 Mar 10 ;8(3). Epub 2019 Mar 10. PMID: 30857365

Abstract Title: 

Ginger and Turmeric Essential Oils for Weed Control and Food Crop Protection.

Abstract: 

Ginger and turmeric are two food ingredients that are in high demand due to their flavor and positive effects on health. The biological properties of these spices are closely related to the aromatic compounds they contain. The chemical compositions of their essential oils and theirphytotoxic activity against weeds (,,,, and) and food crops (tomato, cucumber, and rice) were studied. Forty-one compounds, accounting for a relative peak area of 87.7% and 94.6% of turmeric and ginger essential oils, respectively, were identified by Gas Chromatography⁻Mass Spectrometry analysis. Ginger essential oil with α-zingiberene (24.9 ± 0.8%), β-sesquiphelladrene (11.7 ± 0.3%), ar-curcumene (10.7 ± 0.2%), and β-bisabolene (10.5 ± 0.3%) as the main compounds significantly inhibited the seed germination of,., andat the highest dose (1µL/mL) assayed, as well as the hypocotyl and radicle growth of the weeds. Turmeric essential oil with ar-turmerone (38.7 ± 0.8%), β-turmerone (18.6 ± 0.6%), and α-turmerone (14.2 ± 0.9%) as principal components significantly inhibited the seed germination ofand hypocotyl and radicle growth of weeds (the latter in particular) at the highest dose, whereas it did not affect either the seed germination or seedling growth of the food crops. Turmeric essential oil can be an effective post-emergent bioherbicide against the tested weeds without phytotoxicity to crops.

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PMID: 

J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Jul 17:112095. Epub 2019 Jul 17. PMID: 31325601

Abstract Title: 

Ginger essential oil and fractions against Mycobacterium spp.

Abstract: 

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Zingiber officinale (ginger) is a perennial herbaceous plant native in tropical Asia and generally cultivated in most American tropical countries with widespread use in popular medicine. Ginger essential oil (GEO) has been reported to exhibit several biological activities, such as antimicrobial.AIMS OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to determine the composition and the property of GEO and related fractions against Mtb and NTM, as well as their cytotoxicity.METHODS AND MATERIALS: GEO was obtained by hydrodistillation and fractionation was performed. Chemical characterization of GEO and fractions were carried out by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The antimycobacterial activity was evaluated by resazurin microtiter assay plate and broth microdilution method for Mtb and NTM, respectively. The cytotoxicity in Vero cells was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay.RESULTS: The analyses showed 63 compounds in the GEO sample, characterized by a high number of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. GEO fractionation rendered 11 fractions (FR1 to FR11). GEO and fractions minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 31.25 to>250 μg/mL against Mtb and from 15.6 to>250 μg/mL against NTM. GEO showed better activity against NTM, M. chelonae, and M. abscessus sub. massiliense, than the semi-pure fractions. One fraction (FR5), containing γ-eudesmol as the main compound, was the most active against Mtb and NTM. The GEO and semi-pure fractions cytotoxicity assay showed CC63.3 μg/mL, and 36.3-312.5 μg/mL, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: In general, GEO showed a mix of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and a better antimycobacterial activity than the semi-pure fractions. Cytotoxic effects of GEO and its fractions should be better investigated.

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PMID: 

BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019 Jan 17 ;19(1):21. Epub 2019 Jan 17. PMID: 30654773

Abstract Title: 

The impact of peppermint oil on the irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis of the pooled clinical data.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Peppermint oil (PO) has intrinsic properties that may benefit patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. The study objective was to determine the effect of peppermint oil in the treatment of the IBS.METHODS: We systematically searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE (Ovid), and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PO for IBS. We appraised the eligible studies by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. We performed random-effects meta-analysis on primary outcomes including global improvement in IBS symptoms and abdominal pain. A PRISMA-compliant study protocol is registered in PROSPERO Register [2016, CRD42016050917].RESULTS: Twelve randomized trials with 835 patients were included. For global symptom improvement, the risk ratio (RR) from seven RCTs for the effect of PO (n = 253) versus placebo (n = 254) on global symptoms was 2.39 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.93, 2.97], I = 0%, z = 7.93 (p 

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PMID: 

Antibiotics (Basel). 2019 Jan 30 ;8(1). Epub 2019 Jan 30. PMID: 30704020

Abstract Title: 

The Effects of Mentha× piperita Essential Oil onGrowth, Transition, Biofilm Formation, and the Expression of Secreted Aspartyl Proteinases Genes.

Abstract: 

The rise in resistance and changes in the spectrum ofinfections have generated enormous interest in developing new antifungal drugs using natural molecules such as plant essential oils (EOs). Antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms has been reported for EOs. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of Mentha× piperita essential oil (EO) ongrowth, transition (change from blastospore to hyphae forms), and biofilm formation as well as on the expression of certain virulent genes. We show that whole EO and its vapor attenuated the yeast's growth, compared to that in the control. The effect of the EO was comparable to that of amphotericin-B (AmB). The EO and its vapor significantly decreased the morphological changes of, reduced biofilm formation, and disrupted maturebiofilms. The effect produced by whole EO on biofilm formation/disruption was notably comparable to that observed with AmB. Exposure ofto EO and its vapor downregulated the expression of various genes, such as secreted aspartyl proteinases (,,,,) and hyphal wall protein 1 (). Altogether, these results provide new insight into the efficacy of Mentha× piperita EO againstand suggest the potential of Mentha× piperita EO for use as an antifungal therapy in multiple applications.

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PMID: 

Phytother Res. 2019 Jul 3. Epub 2019 Jul 3. PMID: 31270886

Abstract Title: 

The chondroprotective effect of diosmin on human articular chondrocytes under oxidative stress.

Abstract: 

Excessive oxidative stress, which can amplify inflammatory responses, is involved in the pathologic progression of knee osteoarthritis. Diosmin is known to possess a variety of biological functions such as antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. We therefore demonstrated the chondroprotective potentials of diosmin on human articular chondrocytes under oxidative stress. The cytotoxicity of diosmin (5, 10, 50, and 100 μM) to chondrocytes was first evaluated. Subsequently, the cells were treated with diosmin (5 and 10 μM) after hydrogen peroxide (HO) exposure. We found that the cytotoxicity of diosmin occurred in a dose-dependent manner (10, 50, and 100 μM), and low-dose diosmin (5 μM) slightly impaired cell viability. Diosmin supplementations (5 and 10 μM) did not show beneficial effects on mitochondrial activity, cytotoxicity, proliferation, and survival and the cell senescence was ameliorated in HO-exposed chondrocytes. On the other hand, diosmin down-regulated the mRNA levels of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, COL1A1, MMP-3, and MMP-9; up-regulated TIMP-1 and SOX9; and improved COL2A1 in chondrocytes under oxidative stresses. Furthermore, diosmin also regulated glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase of HO-exposed chondrocytes. In conclusion, diosmin displayed a remarkable antiinflammatory effect compared with the antioxidant capacity on human chondrocytes. Diosmin can maintain the homeostasis of extracellular matrix of articular cartilage.

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PMID: 

Gen Physiol Biophys. 2019 Jun 26. Epub 2019 Jun 26. PMID: 31241043

Abstract Title: 

Diosmin suppresses the proinflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophages via NF-κB and MAPKs signal pathways.

Abstract: 

Diosmin is an unsaturated flavonoid glycoside, presents in citrus fruits. The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanism of diosmin with respect to the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. Firstly, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 µM diosmin were treated to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The anti-inflammatory effects of diosmin was displayed via measuring prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), interleukines (IL-6, IL-12), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α mRNA levels, and phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor alpha (IκB-α) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs); JNK, ERK, and p38 in LPS induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Our study showed that especially high concentrations of diosmin decreased NO, PGE2, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α production and mRNA levels of these mediators (p

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