PMID: 

Food Sci Nutr. 2020 Feb ;8(2):1295-1302. Epub 2020 Jan 27. PMID: 32148835

Abstract Title: 

Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate modulates the diversity of gut microbiota in ovariectomized rats.

Abstract: 

Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) exists as one of the major active components of green tea and has been studied extensively; however, the relationship between EGCG and the changes in the gut microflora of ovariectomized (OVX) rats as a model of menopause women have not yet been studied. Female Wistar rats were fed on a maintenance material diet and underwent either ovariectomy or SHAM surgery. The ovariectomized rats were divided into OVX group with the treatment of placebo or EGCG group which was treated with EGCG by oral gavage. After 8 weeks of treatment, anxiety-like behaviors were assessed using elevated plus maze test (EMP) and open field test (OFT). The serum estradiol concentration was assayed through ELISA. High-throughput V3-V4 16S rDNA sequencing was conducted to assess the microbial diversity in fecal samples collectedfrom all rats. EGCG, at a concentration of 10 mg/kg, caused behavioral changes in rats similar to anxiety. In EPM, OVX rats spent less time in open arms than SHAM group rats and EGCG group rats ( = 16.043, 

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PMID: 

Food Sci Nutr. 2020 Feb ;8(2):1012-1019. Epub 2020 Jan 5. PMID: 32148809

Abstract Title: 

Hepatoprotective effect of a novel lactic acid-fermented garlic extract functional food product against acute liver injury.

Abstract: 

Lactic acid-fermented garlic extract (LAFGE) has been shown to have hepatoprotective role in liver diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a new LAFGE-based hepatoprotective functional food product (named D-18-007) formulated with other additive components, including l-arginine, l-ornithine, and the leaf extract of licorice and artichoke. In a rat model of d-galactosamine(GalN)/LPS-induced liver injury, the survival was significantly higher in animals treated with D-18-007 than in animals treated with LAFGE. The hepatic injury was alleviated by either LAFGE or D-18-007, but the overall effect was more significant in D-18-007, as shown by the necrosis, histology, and serum analyses. Also, the decrease in GalN/LPS-induced lipid peroxidation in the liver tissue was more significant in D-18-007 than LAFGE. The decrease in IL-6 protein in the liver was similar between LAFGE and D-18-007. Moreover, we compared the amount of the bile in normal animals and found that D-18-007 has better choleretic activity than LAFGE. Using this acute liver injury model, our results suggest that D-18-007 has an enhanced hepatoprotective effect in acute liver injury compared with LAFGE alone.

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PMID: 

Malays J Med Sci. 2020 Feb ;27(1):46-56. Epub 2020 Feb 27. PMID: 32158344

Abstract Title: 

Herbal Medicine from Single Clove Garlic Oil Extract Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis and Oxidative Status in High Fat Diet Mice.

Abstract: 

Introduction: High fat diet (HFD) can cause lipid accumulation and contribute to various metabolic disorders. Single clove garlic oil (SCGO) has advantages over regular garlic due to its higher amounts of organosulfide compounds in particular. This study aimed to determine the ability of SCGO extract to ameliorate hepatic steatosis and improve oxidative status by modulating expression of tumour necrosis factorα and superoxide dismutase in mice fed a HFD.Methods: Twenty-four adult male Balb/C mice were divided into six groups: i) normal diet; ii) positive control diet; iii) negative control diet; and iv) HFD with SCGO at 12.5 mg/kg body weight (mg/kg BW); v) HFD with SCGO at 25 mg/kg BW, vi) HFD with SCGO at 50 mg/kg BW. Liver weight and morphology, spleen weight, serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and tumour necrosis factorα (TNF-α), TNF-α expression in the aorta and lipid profiles were assessed at the end of the experimental period.Results: SCGO treatment was associated with significant decreases in liver and spleen weight as well as amelioration of hepatic steatosis. SCGO treatment also decreased TNF-α levels and expression. Serum levels of SOD in the SCGO groups were significantly increased compared with the negative control group. Lipid profiles were improved in the SCGO treatment groups compared with the negative control group.Conclusion: SCGO as an herbal medicine could be an effective treatment for degenerative disorders caused by HFD.

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PMID: 

Complement Med Res. 2020 Mar 10:1-9. Epub 2020 Mar 10. PMID: 32155616

Abstract Title: 

The Efficacy of Topical Basil Essential Oil on Relieving Migraine Headaches: A Randomized Triple-Blind Study.

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVE: Complementary therapies have been increasingly used for the prevention and treatment of migraine so that there is a need for studies in this setting. This study sought to determine the effects of basil essential oil on the severity and frequency of migraine attack headaches.METHODS: A triple-blind clinical trial study was performed on 144 patients diagnosed with migraine. Patients were randomly allocated by a stratified method to four groups of 36 titled basil essential oil 2, 4, 6%, and placebo groups. Medications were used topically every 8 h for 3 successive months. In addition, each individual received 325 mg of acetaminophen every 12 h. The severity and frequency of migraine attacks were measured prior to the study, at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. The visual analog scale was used to measure pain intensity. The marginal model and generalized estimation equations were used to compare changes in the intensity and frequency of pain over time.RESULTS: The interaction of the dose and time factors was significant on both pain intensity (p

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PMID: 

Biomarkers. 2020 Mar 12:1-9. Epub 2020 Mar 12. PMID: 32118487

Abstract Title: 

Protective effect of rosemary () against diethylnitrosamine-induced renal injury in rats.

Abstract: 

The kidney plays a central role in detoxification and excretion of toxic metabolites, and therefore, is susceptible to toxicity by xenobiotics.To investigate the protective effect of(rosemary) powder and its essential (volatile) oil against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced renal injury in rats.Phenolic and flavonoid components were characterised in rosemary powder using HPLC-UV instrument while rosemary essential oil (E.O) was investigated via GC-MS technique. In rat model, rosemary was administrated orally (in diet) for two months. Lipid profile, antioxidant biomarkers, kidney functions and histopathological examinations were assessed.Hesperidin (4878.88 ppm) and ellagic acid (403.57 ppm) are among the major phenolic and flavonoid constituents in rosemary powder. Camphor (18.36%) and α-pinene (12.74%) represent the main E.O active ingredients. Rats treated with rosemary E.O showed a significant elevation in serum HDL (28.28%) accompanied by adecrease in LDL (115.47%). A significant decrease in serum creatinine and urea was also reported (69.72 and 109.89%, respectively). Moreover, serum glutathione peroxidise (GSH-Px) activity has been significantly increased. Kidney histopathological examinations confirmed the protective effect againstDEN-induced abnormalities.Rosemary (powder/E.O) was able to reduce or even prevent the severity of diethylnitrosamine-induced renal dysfunction.

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PMID: 

Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2020 Feb 26. Epub 2020 Feb 26. PMID: 32103295

Abstract Title: 

Protective effects of hesperidin against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats.

Abstract: 

Hesperidin (HD), a bioflavonoid, has been shown to exert hepatoprotective effects. Our aim is to investigate the possible protective effects of HD against methotrexate (MTX) hepatotoxicity in adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats that were divided into four groups (10 rats/each) and were exposed to MTX with or without HD co-administration for consecutive 28 days. The results showed that HD significantly ameliorated MTX-induced increase in liver enzymes and histopathological changes. Hepatic oxidative stress was suppressed by HD, as evidenced by the decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), with a concomitant increase in total antioxidant activity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Moreover, co-administration of HD with MTX remarkably upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 compared with the MTX group. By the decrease in nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) pathway and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), HD obviously attenuated inflammatoryresponse in MTX-lesioned livers. Likewise, the downregulation of P53 by HD could explain its antiapoptotic effects as indicated by increase BCl2 and the significant decrease of caspase-9 mRNA expression as compared with the MTX group. Thus, these findings revealed the hepatoprotective nature of HD against MTX hepatotoxicity by attenuating the pro-inflammatory and apoptotic mediators and improving antioxidant aptitude.

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PMID: 

J Biomed Phys Eng. 2020 Feb ;10(1):7-14. Epub 2020 Feb 1. PMID: 32158707

Abstract Title: 

Histopathologic Evaluation of Radio-Protective Effect of Hesperidin on the Liver of Sprague Dawely Rats.

Abstract: 

Background: Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid glycoside mainly found in citrus fruit and has been shown radio-protective potential in various measurement systems.Objective: In this article aims to investigate the radio-protective effect of hesperidin on the liver of Sprague Dawely rats.Material and Methods: In this clinical study, 40 male rats were selected randomly and divided into 8 groups. Group 1 did not receive radiation and hesperidin (sham control). Group 2 received only 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w) of hesperidin for 7 consecutive days (HES group); group 3 exposed to dose of 2Gy whole body gamma radiation (2Gy group), and group 4 and 5 received 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w of HES for 7 consecutive days before 2 Gy gamma radiation, respectively.Group 6 exposed to dose of 8Gy gamma radiation (8Gy group); group 7 and 8 received 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w of HES for 7 days before 8Gy gamma irradiation, respectively. Histopathological evaluation was perfomred 24 hours after radiation.Results: Administration of hesperidin (50 mg/kg b.w, 7 days) before 2Gy of gamma irradiation led to remove inflammatory mononuclear cells in the portal space. Microscopic findings in the groups receiving two doses of hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w, orally, 7 days), before 8Gy of gamma radiation, were similar in a way that extreme dilation of central veins to be seen, however, there was no capillarization.Conclusion: HES can be offered as a suitable radio-protector in radiotherapy patients and radiation workers.

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PMID: 

Digestion. 2019 Aug 27:1-14. Epub 2019 Aug 27. PMID: 31454820

Abstract Title: 

Hesperidin Improves Colonic Motility in Loeramide-Induced Constipation Rat Model via 5-Hydroxytryptamine 4R/cAMP Signaling Pathway.

Abstract: 

Fructus has motivation effect on gastrointestinal tract. Hesperidin is extracts of Fructus, and we attempted to prove its effects on improving the gastrointestinal transmission function and determine the possible mechanisms by a loperamide-induced slow transit constipation (STC) model. Constipation phenotypes were measured in rats with Lop-induced constipation after treatment with hesperidin. The amounts and water content of stool were significantly higher in the hesperidin-treated group than the loperamide-induced model group, whereas food intake was maintained at constant levels. Moreover, intestinal transit rate was increased in the treatment group of hesperidin. Histological alteration was detected by H&E staining, we found that the colon smooth muscle cells and neuron cells of the rats were increased, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells was decreased in the hesperidin-treated group compared with the loperamide-induced model group. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor4 fluorescence intensity and intracellular-free calcium ions in colon tissue were increased, and relative protein of cAMP/PKA pathway and p-cAMP response component-binding protein (CREB) pathway were upregulated in the hesperidin-treated group compared with the loperamide-induced model group. Further, SMCs from colon tissue of rats were cultured and identified. We found hesperidin could significantly promote tegaserod-induced increase of 5-HTR4 fluorescence intensity, intracellular calcium ions, relative protein of cAMP/PKA pathway and p-CREB pathway, and cell proliferation and inhibit GR113808-induced decrease of 5-HTR4 fluorescence intensity, 5-HTR4 pathway-related proteins (ADCY3, cAMP, PKA, and p-CREB), intracellular calcium ions, and cell proliferation. The analysis of our data suggested that hesperidin could obviously improve the gastrointestinal transmission function in loperamide-induced STC rat model via increasing the 5-HTR4 and intracellular-free calcium ions to enhance the expression of relative protein of cAMP/PKA pathway and p-CREB pathway. Hesperidin could be used in the treatment of STC, and our data not only provide experimental basis for the treatment of STC in hesperidin but also provides a theoretical reference for clinical treatment.

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PMID: 

J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 2020 Mar 13:1-7. Epub 2020 Mar 13. PMID: 32164488

Abstract Title: 

Function of hesperidin alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress responses in COPD mice might be related to SIRT1/PGC-1α/NF-κB signaling axis.

Abstract: 

Hesperidin has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant stress effects, but its functions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unknown. This study analyzed the role of hesperidin in COPD mice, aiming to provide a basis for the hesperidin application.Mice were injected with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to construct COPD models and then treated with budesonide or hesperidin. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and TUNEL assays were used to observe the pathological changes and cell death of lung tissue. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BLAF), as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) content in lung tissues were confirmed. The expression levels of SIRT1, PGC-1α, and p65 proteins were measured by western blotting (WB) analysis.CSE induced inflammatory cell infiltration and cell death in the lung tissues of mice, whereas budesonide and hesperidin effectively alleviated these pathological changes. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, and MDA in BLAF and pulmonary MPO content in the COPD mice were effectively increased, while the levels of SOD and CAT in BLAF were decreased, which could be reversed by budesonide and hesperidin. Moreover, the addition of budesonide or hesperidin reliably accelerated the expression levels of PGC-1α and SIRT1 but suppressed the phosphorylation of p65 in COPD mice. In general, high-dose hesperidin had a stronger regulatory effect on COPD mice.Hesperidin alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress responses in CES-induced COPD mice, associated with SIRT1/PGC-1α/NF-κB signaling axis, which might become a new direction for COPD treatment.

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PMID: 

Nutrients. 2020 Mar 1 ;12(3). Epub 2020 Mar 1. PMID: 32121602

Abstract Title: 

Citrus Peel Extract Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced NAFLD via Activation of AMPK Signaling.

Abstract: 

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in the elderly population, and has symptoms ranging from liver steatosis to advanced fibrosis. Citrus peel extracts (CPEs) contain compounds that potentially improve dyslipidemia; however, the mechanism of action and effects on hepatic steatosis regulation remains unclear. Current study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of CPEs extracted through hot-air drying (CPEW) and freeze-drying (CPEF) and the underlying mechanism in a rat model of high-fat diet-induced NAFLD. The high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats showed significant increase in total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lipid peroxidation compared to the normal chow-diet (NCD) group rats; but CPEW and CPEF limited this effect. CPEW and CPEF supplementation reduced both hepatocyte steatosis and fat accumulation involving the regulatory effect of mTORC1. Collectively, CPEW and CPEF protected deterioration of liver steatosis with AMPK activation and regulating ROS accumulation associated with interstitial disorders, which are also associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) redox. Thus, the application of CPEW and CPEF may lead to the development of novel therapeutic or preventive agents against NAFLD.

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