PMID: 

Phytomedicine. 2019 Aug ;61:152831. Epub 2019 Jan 10. PMID: 31035042

Abstract Title: 

Dry leaf extracts of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory condition in human monocytic (THP-1) cells.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers is known for its therapeutic value in Indian traditional medicine for treating diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, jaundice and cardiac diseases. However, information regarding its protective role against inflammatory diseases at the molecular level is limited.PURPOSE: The objective of the present work is to study the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of alcoholic and water extracts of T. cordifolia (Willd.) Miers leaves in activated human monocytic THP-1 cells.STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: Phytochemical analyses of the dry leaf extracts of T. cordifolia (Willd.) Miers prepared using the solvents alcohol (TCAE) or water (TCWE) are performed employing spectrophotometric methods for estimating total phenolic and flavonoid content, and the plant material was authenticated by detecting T. cordifolia (Willd.) Miers metabolite biomarkers using LC-MS/MS. Arachidonic acid (AA)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated human monocytic (THP-1) cells were used as experimental models to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the plant extracts. Arachidonic acid (AA)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in THP-1 cells were monitored by confocal microscopy/spectrofluorimetry and transcript of antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT), by quantitative real time PCR. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory marker like TNF-α at transcription and protein levels in THP-1 cells were measured by quantitative real-time PCR or ELISA respectively. Further, the effect of T. cordifolia (Willd.) Miers extracts on LPS-induced NF-κB translocation, and IκB and P-IκB protein levels, were studied by immunoblotting and confocal microscopy.RESULTS: T. cordifolia (Willd.) Miers extracts exhibited significant amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid content, and LC-MS/MS analyses detected tinosponone, a TC-specific clerodane-derived diterpene. Both types of extracts attenuated AA-induced ROS generation via enhancing catalase enzyme activity in THP-1 cells. Real time PCR and ELISA experiments revealed that the elevated levels of LPS-induced TNF-α was remarkably attenuated in THP-1 cells pretreated with T. cordifolia (Willd.) Miers extracts. Western blot and confocal microscopy showed that the alcoholic extract's anti-inflammatory activity by attenuating NF-κB translocation into the nucleus in LPS-activated THP-1 cells via the inhibitionof IκB degradation in the cytosol.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that T. cordifolia (Willd.) Miers dry leaf extracts possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties via upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and attenuation of NF-κB nuclear translocation in activated human monocytic (THP-1) cells, therefore the present study supports our proposed molecular basis for the traditional use of T. cordifolia (Willd.) Miers for treating various inflammatory diseases.

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PMID: 

Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2019 Jan-Feb;16(1):24-28. PMID: 30745915

Abstract Title: 

Assessment of antimicrobial activity of different concentrations ofagainst: Anstudy.

Abstract: 

Background: The antimicrobial property ofhas been tested against a variety of microorganisms in the literature. The present study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of commercially availablepowder against.Materials and Methods: Anstudy was undertaken in which extract ofwas obtained using 100% ethanol by maceration. Seven different concentrations were prepared and tested againstin brain-heart infusion agar medium. Plates were incubated aerobically at 37°C for 48 h, and zone of inhibition was measured using Vernier caliper. 0.2% chlorhexidine and dimethylformamide were used as positive and negative controls respectively. The data were analysed by descriptive analytic tests.Results: The maximum antibacterial activity ofwas observed with a volume of 40μl at 2% concentration with a zone of inhibition of 19 mm. A 30 μl volume of 0.2% chlorhexidine showed a zone of inhibition of 28 mm, and no zone of inhibition was observed with dimethylformamide.Conclusion: exhibited antimicrobial activity against. However, it needs to be confirmed further withstudies.

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PMID: 

Neuromolecular Med. 2019 Mar ;21(1):42-53. Epub 2019 Jan 14. PMID: 30644041

Abstract Title: 

Tinospora cordifolia Suppresses Neuroinflammation in Parkinsonian Mouse Model.

Abstract: 

Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative central nervous system disorder, is characterised by progressive loss of nigrostriatal neurons in basal ganglia. Previous studies regarding PD have suggested the role of oxidative stress along with neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration. Accordingly, our study explore the anti-inflammatory activity of Tinospora cordifolia aqueous extract (TCAE) in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra hydropyridine (MPTP)-intoxicated Parkinsonian mouse model. MPTP-intoxicated mice showed significant behavioral and biochemical abnormalities which were effectively reversed by TCAE. It is evident that TCAE inhibits the MPTP-intoxicated Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and its associated pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. In MPTP-intoxicated mice, microglial and astroglial-specific inflammatory markers, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), respectively were increased while were significantly reduced in TCAE treatment. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, TNF-α, Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were found to be upregulated in MPTP-intoxicated mice, whereas TCAE treatment restored their levels. Additionally, anti-inflammatory factor Interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene was found to be downregulated in MPTP-intoxicated mice which were significantly restored by TCAE treatment. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression was reduced in MPTP-intoxicated mice, while its expression was significantly increased in TCAE-treated group. Our result strongly suggests that T. cordifolia protects dopaminergic neurons by suppressing neuroinflammation in MPTP-induced Parkinsonian mouse model.

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PMID: 

Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2018 12 ;113:81-90. Epub 2018 Sep 26. PMID: 30514517

Abstract Title: 

Polysaccharide rich extract (PRE) from Tinospora cordifolia inhibits the intracellular survival of drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages by nitric oxide induction.

Abstract: 

Plethora of clinical and scientific information obtained in recent past has strengthened the idea that targeting critical constituents of host immune system may have beneficial outcomes for the treatment of tuberculosis. Macrophages being the primary host for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, offer an attractive target for modulation. Owing to their negligible toxicity, plant derived polysaccharides with the ability to activate macrophages; are suitable candidates for immunomodulation. In the present study, effects of polysaccharide rich extract (PRE) isolated from Tinospora cordifolia, on the survival of intracellular MTB strains and activation of macrophages were investigated. PRE treatment up regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ in RAW 264.7 cell line. Up regulation in the expression of NOS2 was observed along with concomitant enhanced nitric oxide production post PRE treatment. Surface expression of MHC-II and CD-86 was up regulated after PRE treatment. Above results suggested the classical activation of macrophages by PRE treatment. Furthermore, PRE treatment led to the activation of all the three classes of MAPK i.e p38, ERK and JNK MAPKs. Further, PRE up regulated the expression of cytokines, NOS-2, MHC-II and CD-86 in MTB infected macrophages. PRE treatment inhibited the intracellular survival of drug resistant MTB in macrophages which was partially attributed to PRE mediated NO induction. Thus our data demonstrate classical activation of macrophages by PRE treatment and killing of intracellular MTB by NO induction.

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PMID: 

3 Biotech. 2019 Nov ;9(11):428. Epub 2019 Oct 29. PMID: 31696033

Abstract Title: 

Evaluation of the combinatorial effect ofandon human breast cancer cells.

Abstract: 

The present study was aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of the combination treatment of(TC) and(ZO) using network pharmacology approach. In silico analysis of the anticancer activity of TC + ZO was carried out using Cytoscape 3.2.0 software to elucidate the mechanism. The MTT assay confirms the combination of TC and ZO is more active (IC; 2 μg ml) as compared to TC (509 μg ml) and ZO (1 mg ml) alone in MCF-7 cells. The TC + ZO combination treatment inhibits DNA synthesis, migration, and induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells as compared to TC and ZO alone at a concentration of 1 µg ml. TC + ZO combination treatment arrested cell cycle significantly at the G/Gphase. The proposed synergistic activity of the two herbs in the treatment of several cancers was correlated with an appropriate associated target/s, based on the pharmacological network. Interestingly, when both the plants used in combination, were found to regulate a total of 16 genes in 27 types of cancers. Further, ALOX5, MMP2, and MMP9 genes were identified as major targets which are responsible for the TC + ZO anticancer activity. According to merged and sub-networks of source-bioactive, bioactive-target, target-disease of TC, ZO alone and their combination; MMP9 was selected for validation purpose. The real-time PCR analysis confirmed that the TC + ZO combination treatment significantly down-regulated MMP9 mRNA expression by fivefold via up-regulation of its downstream target ER-α by 3.5-fold. In conclusion, the network analysis and in vitro validation confirmed the potent synergistic activity of TC + ZO combination treatment in breast cancer.

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PMID: 

Heliyon. 2019 Sep ;5(9):e02437. Epub 2019 Sep 12. PMID: 31701036

Abstract Title: 

The chemical constituents and diverse pharmacological importance of.

Abstract: 

is a popular medicinal plant which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases. The common names are Amrita and Guduchi and belong to the family of Menispermaceae. It is considered an essential herbal plant of Indian system of medicine (ISM) and has been used in the treatment of fever, urinary problem, dysentery, skin diseases leprosy, diabetes, and many more diseases. The plant reported containing chemical compound including Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Lignans, Steroids and others that establish the phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of. The present review highlights the pharmacological importanceantioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, anti-diabetic activity, antistress activity, hypolipidaemic effect, hepatic disorder, anticancer anti HIV potential, antiosteoporotic effects, antitoxic effects, wound healing, anticomplementary activity, and immunomodulating activity, systemic infection and Parkinson's disease.

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PMID: 

Molecules. 2019 Nov 18 ;24(22). Epub 2019 Nov 18. PMID: 31752124

Abstract Title: 

Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activities of Mono-Herbal Extracts and Exhibited Synergistic Effects of the Phytoconstituents: A Biochemical and Computational Study.

Abstract: 

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease, is the most common form of dementia. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a common strategy for the treatment of AD. In this study, aqueous, hydro-methanolic, and methanolic extracts of five potent herbal extracts were tested for their in vitro anti-AChE activity. Among all, the(Giloy) methanolic fraction performed better with an ICof 202.64µg/mL. Of the HPLC analyzed components of(methanolic extract), palmatine and berberine performed better (IC0.66 and 0.94µg/mL, respectively) as compared to gallic acid and the tool compound"galantamine hydrobromide"(IC7.89 and 1.45µg/mL, respectively). Mode of inhibition of palmatine and berberine was non-competitive, while the mode was competitive for the tool compound. Combinations of individual alkaloids palmatine and berberine resulted in a synergistic effect for AChE inhibition. Therefore, the AChE inhibition by the methanolic extract ofwas probably due to the synergism of the isoquinoline alkaloids. Upon molecular docking, it was observed that palmatine and berberine preferred the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE, withπ-interactions to PAS residue Trp286, indicating that it may hinder the substrate binding by partially blocking the entrance of the gorge of the active site or the product release.

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PMID: 

J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2019 Oct – Dec;10(4):294-298. Epub 2019 Aug 14. PMID: 31421962

Abstract Title: 

Ayurvedic Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus overlap Vasculitis.

Abstract: 

Systemic Lupus erythematosus is the classic prototype of multisystem disease of autoimmune origin. SLE may be associated Vasculitis as an overlap syndrome. In this paper, a patient diagnosed as SLE with Vasculitis, which was managed successfully by Ayurveda treatment was discussed. A 39-year-old female patient came to hospital with complaint of severe pain and burning sensation in both the legs for two months, associated with ulceration and gangrene of toes of both the legs for the last 15 days. She was diagnosed as SLE overlap vasculitis from a higher medical centre with relevant investigations and advised to go for amputation. As patient was not willing for surgery, alternatively opted for Ayurveda treatment. The condition was diagnosed as disease Vatarakta according to Ayurveda and treatment was planned accordingly. Treatment was planned by selecting suitable oral medicines, suitable panchakarma procedures along with the ulcer management. Tinospora cordifolia was the main drug of choice. Treatment was successful and able to save the limb. Patient was followed up for more than a year without any complications and relapses.

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PMID: 

Ann Neurosci. 2019 Jan ;26(1):10-20. Epub 2019 Jan 1. PMID: 31975767

Abstract Title: 

Anti-brain cancer activity of chloroform and hexane extracts ofMiers: anperspective.

Abstract: 

Background: Plants have been suggested as safest source of therapeutic agents, with multi targeted mode of action and least side effects.commonly known as Guduchi in India, is one of the most highly valued herbs in Ayurvedic medicine. It possesses potential anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, immune-stimulatory and various other beneficial activities.Purpose: The present study was aimed to investigate the differentiation inducing potential of chloroform and hexane extracts ofusing U87MG glioblastoma and IMR-32 neuroblastoma cell lines as model system.Results: Chloroform (Chl-TCE) and hexane (Hex-TCE) extracts significantly reduced the rate of proliferation and induced cell differentiation as evidenced by MTT assay and immunostaining for GFAP and MAP-2 in glioblastoma and neuroblastoma, respectively. Further these extracts increased the expression of stress markers HSP70 and Mortalin and induced senescence. Chloroform and hexane extracts also inhibited the migration of U87MG glioblastoma and IMR-32 neuroblastoma as indicated by wound scratch assay and supported by reduced expression of NCAM. Furthermore these extracts are not toxic to normal cells as they showed no inhibitory effects on primary astrocytic and neuronal cultures.Conclusions: The present study suggests that chloroform and hexane extracts ofretard the rate of proliferation, induce differentiation and inhibit migration of human glioblastomas and neuroblastomas, thus may act as potential phytotherapeutic intervention in treatment of neural cancers.

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PMID: 

World J Clin Cases. 2019 Oct 6 ;7(19):3074-3081. PMID: 31624757

Abstract Title: 

Hair regrowth following fecal microbiota transplantation in an elderly patient with alopecia areata: A case report and review of the literature.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata is a hair loss disease associated with genetics, autoimmunity, and other factors. There is an intriguing link between alopecia areata and gut dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been recommended to treat(previously known as) infection, and has also shown potentials in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and non-alcohol fatty liver disease.CASE SUMMARY: An 86-year-old man, with a history of sigmoid colon carcinoma, suffered from recurrent abdominal pain and distension, and diarrhea for six months, with inappetence. At admission, he was also diagnosed with depression. Upon physical examination, the patient presented with a 1.5 cm× 2.0 cm alopecia areata on his right occiput. Due to the negative results of laboratory testing, capsule endoscopy, and colonoscopy, the patient was diagnosed with noninfectious diarrhea, depressive disorder, and patchy alopecia areata. Considering that noninfectious diarrhea in the elderly patient was mainly caused by gut dysbiosis, he was given six rounds of FMT. His diarrhea improved remarkably one month after FMT, with improved appetite and disappearance of abdominal pain, distension, and depressive symptoms. Surprisingly, he reported new hair growth on the affected region of his scalp,with some of his white hair gradually turning to black, without taking any other therapies for alopecia areata before and after FMT.CONCLUSION: FMT might act as a potential therapy for patients who suffer from alopecia areata. Large and well-designed studies are required to confirm the role of FMT in alopecia areata.

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