PMID: 

Ear Nose Throat J. 2020 Jan 30:145561319900758. Epub 2020 Jan 30. PMID: 31996045

Abstract Title: 

Protective Effect of Aerobic Exercise on the Nasal Mucosa of Rats Against the Histopathologic Changes in Cigarette Smoke Exposure.

Abstract: 

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is a public health problem that has been proven to have adverse effects on human health. Aerobic exercise has positive effects on the human body, especially on the respiratory system.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this experimental animal model study was to determine whether regular aerobic exercise has a protective effect against the harmful effects of cigarette smoke on the nasal mucosa of rats.METHODS: A total of 24 male Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into 3 groups of 8: group 1 (cigarette smoking), group 2 (cigarette smoking and exercise), and group 3 (control group). At the end of the experiment period, histopathological (light and electron microscopy) and immunohistochemical (GSTA 1, CYP1A1, and CYP2E1) evaluations were made of the nasal mucosa of the animals.RESULTS: Goblet cell loss and basal membrane thickening were significantly lower in group 2 and group 3 compared to group 1. In the electron microscope evaluation, the inflammatory expressions of the goblet cells were observed in a very small area in group 2. In group 1, these were distributed over large areas between the mucosal cells. There was seen to be significant swelling of the mitochondria in group 1 compared to the other groups. No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups with respect to GSTA1, CYP2E1, and CYP1A1 scores (>.05).CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that regular aerobic exercise has a protective effect against the harmful effects of smoking on the nasal mucosa of rats.

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PMID: 

Epigenomics. 2020 Feb 11. Epub 2020 Feb 11. PMID: 32041423

Abstract Title: 

Forced running exercise mitigates radiation-induced cognitive deficits via regulated DNA hydroxymethylation.

Abstract: 

Roles of forced running exercise (FE) in remediation of neurogenesis inhibition and radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction were investigated in a whole-brain irradiation mice model via the regulation of DNA 5-hydroxymethylation modification (5 hmC) and its catalytic enzymes ten-eleven translocation (Tet) proteins.Hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function, DNA 5 hmC level and Tet expression were determined in mice.The expression of DNA 5 hmC and Tet2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor significantly decreased in hippocampus postradiation. FE mitigated radiation-induced neurogenesis deficits and cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, FE increased 5 hmC and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. SC1, a Tet inhibitor, reversed partly such changes.Tet-mediated 5 hmC modification represents a kind of diagnostic biomarkers of radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction. Targeting Tet-related epigenetic modification may be a novel therapeutic strategy for radiation-induced brain injury.

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PMID: 

PLoS One. 2015 ;10(9):e0138037. Epub 2015 Sep 17. PMID: 26379244

Abstract Title: 

Chronic Running Exercise Alleviates Early Progression of Nephropathy with Upregulation of Nitric Oxide Synthases and Suppression of Glycation in Zucker Diabetic Rats.

Abstract: 

Exercise training is known to exert multiple beneficial effects including renal protection in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, the mechanisms regulating these actions remain unclear. The present study evaluated the effects of chronic running exercise on the early stage of diabetic nephropathy, focusing on nitric oxide synthase (NOS), oxidative stress and glycation in the kidneys of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Male ZDF rats (6 weeks old) underwent forced treadmill exercise for 8 weeks (Ex-ZDF). Sedentary ZDF (Sed-ZDF) and Zucker lean (Sed-ZL) rats served as controls. Exercise attenuated hyperglycemia (plasma glucose; 242± 43 mg/dL in Sed-ZDF and 115 ± 5 mg/dL in Ex-ZDF) with increased insulin secretion (plasma insulin; 2.3 ± 0.7 and 5.3 ± 0.9 ng/mL), reduced albumin excretion (urine albumin; 492 ± 70 and 176 ± 11 mg/g creatinine) and normalized creatinine clearance (9.7 ± 1.4 and 4.5 ± 0.8 mL/min per body weight) in ZDF rats. Endothelial (e) and neuronal (n) NOS expression in kidneys of Sed-ZDF rats were lower compared with Sed-ZL rats (p

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PMID: 

Asian J Sports Med. 2015 Sep ;6(3):e24901. Epub 2015 Sep 28. PMID: 26448855

Abstract Title: 

Protective Role of Aerobic Exercise Against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Cisplatin (CP) is a chemotherapy drug and nephrotoxicity is considered as its major side effect. Aerobic exercise is well known as an approach to reduce the side effects of many drugs.OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the protective role of aerobic exercise against CP-induced nephrotoxicity.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I had aerobic exercise on a treadmill one hour per day and five days per week for eight weeks. Then, the exercise protocol was continued for another week, but during this week, the animals also received CP (2.5 mg/kg/day; ip). Group II underwent the same protocol as group I without exercise in the last week during the CP therapy. Groups III and IV were assigned as positive and negative control groups, and were treated with CP and saline without exercise, respectively. Finally, the animals were sacrificed for the biochemical measurement and tissue histopathology investigation.RESULTS: CP alone without exercise increased serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and malondialdehyde (MDA); and kidney nitrite level, while treadmill exercise in group I significantly ameliorated these parameters (P

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PMID: 

Clin Kidney J. 2017 Dec ;10(6):813-821. Epub 2017 Mar 27. PMID: 29225811

Abstract Title: 

Regular exercise during haemodialysis promotes an anti-inflammatory leucocyte profile.

Abstract: 

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality in haemodialysis (HD) patients and is highly predicted by markers of chronic inflammation. Regular exercise may have beneficial anti-inflammatory effects, but this is unclear in HD patients. This study assessed the effect of regular intradialytic exercise on soluble inflammatory factors and inflammatory leucocyte phenotypes.Methods: Twenty-two HD patients from a centre where intradialytic cycling was offered thrice weekly and 16 HD patients receiving usual care volunteered. Exercising patients aimed to cycle for 30 min at rating of perceived exertion of 'somewhat hard'. Baseline characteristics were compared with 16 healthy age-matched individuals. Physical function, soluble inflammatory markers and leucocyte phenotypes were assessed again after 6 months of regular exercise.Results: Patients were less active than their healthy counterparts and had significant elevations in measures of inflammation [interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intermediate and non-classical monocytes; all P 

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PMID: 

Kidney Blood Press Res. 2018 ;43(2):582-593. Epub 2018 Apr 13. PMID: 29669331

Abstract Title: 

Previous Exercise Effects in Cisplatin-Induced Renal Lesions in Rats.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Physical training has beneficial effects on endothelial function and can influence the regeneration of the endothelial cell. We investigated the effect of physical training on cisplatin (CP)-induced acute kidney injury and assessed the impact of training on endothelial structure and function, and on the inflammatory processes in rats.METHODS: We injected male Wistar rats subjected to previous physical training in treadmill running (trained, TR) or not (sedentary, SED) with CP (5 mg/kg) (TR+CP and SED+CP groups, respectively). Five days after the injections, blood and urine samples were collected to evaluate renal function and kidneys were harvested for morphological, immunohistochemical, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and analysis of nitric oxide (NO) levels.RESULTS: Rats treated with CP showed increased levels of plasma creatinine and sodium and potassium fractional excretion. These alterations were associated with increase in tubulointerstitial lesions and macrophage number, reduction of endothelial cells, and increased VEGF, vimentin, andα-smooth muscle actin expression in the outer renal medulla in the SED+CP group. We also found increased levels of renal IL-1β and increased excretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and transforming growth factor-β compared with controls. These changes were milder in trained rats, associated with increased levels of renal tissue NO, and increased expression of p-eNOS and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (a chemokine involved in kidney repair) in the kidneys of CP-injected trained rats.CONCLUSIONS: The protective effect of previous training in CP-treated rats was associated with reduced endothelial cell lesions and increased renal production of NO in trained rats.

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PMID: 

Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Dec 12 ;20(24). Epub 2019 Dec 12. PMID: 31842522

Abstract Title: 

Exercise as A Potential Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Insight into the Underlying Mechanisms.

Abstract: 

Diabetes mellitus is associated with cardiovascular, ophthalmic, and renal comorbidities. Among these, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) causes the most severe symptoms and is considered to be a major health problem worldwide. Exercise is widely known as an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases. Importantly, the onset of complications arising due to diabetes can be delayed or even prevented by exercise. Regular exercise is reported to have positive effects on diabetes mellitus and the development of DCM. The protective effects of exercise include prevention of cardiac apoptosis, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and microvascular diseases, as well as improvement in cardiac mitochondrial function and calcium regulation. This review summarizes the recent scientific findings to describe the potential mechanisms by which exercise may prevent DCM and heart failure.

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PMID: 

Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2020 Feb 10. Epub 2020 Feb 10. PMID: 32036700

Abstract Title: 

Chronic exercise provides renal protective effects with upregulation of fatty acid oxidation in the kidney of high fructose-fed rats.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Excessive fructose intake causes metabolic syndrome and lipid accumulation in the kidney and leads to renal dysfunction and damage. Exercise (Ex) improves lipids regulation, but the mechanisms are remaining unclarified in the kidney.METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to groups fed with CON or HFr diet. A part of rats in each group underwent treadmill exercise at an aerobic intensity for 12 weeks. Drug treatment was performed as the fenofibrate gavage during the last 4 weeks on HFr-fed rats. Renal function, histological changes and the expression of regulators involved in FA metabolism were assessed.RESULTS: In CON-fed groups, Ex did not affect renal function or histology, and significantly increased the renal expression of FA b-oxidation regulators including acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (CADs), acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα (PPARα) and PPARγ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and lipogenic factors including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCα) and FA synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c). HFr caused albuminuria, lipid accumulation and renal pathohistological changes, which attenuated by Ex but not by fenofibrate. HFr decreased the renal expression of medium and short-chain CADs, PPARα, and increased the renal expression of lipogenesis enzymes including ACCα, FAS, and SREBP1c. Ex increased the expression of CADs, carnitine palmitoyltransferase type I (CPT-I), ACOX, PPARα, and PGC-1α anddecreased the expression of ACCα, FAS in the HFr-fed rats. The Ex-induced FA metabolism alteration was similar to those in the fenofibrate-treated group.CONCLUSION: present study indicated that Ex enhances renal FA metabolism, which might protect the kidney in the lipids dysregulation diseases.

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Has Australia’s Medical Research Council been caught producing highly problematic research to discredit homeopathy?

PMID: 

CNS Drugs. 2020 Feb 10. Epub 2020 Feb 10. PMID: 32040850

Abstract Title: 

Adjunctive Cannabidiol in Patients with Dravet Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Dravet syndrome (DS) is one of the most severe forms of drug-resistant epilepsy and available interventions fail to control seizures in most patients. Cannabidiol (CBD) is the first in a new class of antiepileptic drugs with a distinctive chemical structure and mechanism of action.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CBD as adjunctive treatment for seizures in patients with DS using meta-analytical techniques.METHODS: We searched for randomized, placebo-controlled, single- or double-blinded trials. Main outcomes included ≥ 50% reduction in baseline convulsive seizure frequency and the incidence of treatment withdrawal and adverse events (AEs). Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated through the inverse variance method.RESULTS: Three trials were included involving 359 participants, 228 for CBD and 131 for placebo groups. In all trials, the active treatment was a plant-derived pharmaceutical formulation of purified CBD oral solution. The pooled RR for 50% response during the treatment was 1.69 (95% CI 1.21-2.36; p = 0.002). Across the trials, treatment was discontinued in 20 (9.0%) and 3 (2.3%) cases in the add-on CBD and placebo groups, respectively; the RR for CBD withdrawal was 3.12 (95% CI 1.07-9.10; p = 0.037). The RR to develop any AE during add-on CBD treatment was 1.06 (95% CI 0.87-1.28; p = 0.561). AEs significantly associated with adjunctive CBD were somnolence, decreased appetite, diarrhea, and increased serum aminotransferases.CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive CBD resulted in a greater reduction in convulsive seizure frequency than placebo and a higher rate of AEs in patients with DS presenting with seizures uncontrolled by concomitant antiepileptic therapy.

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