The unimaginable wealth that Gates has accrued is now being used to purchase something much more useful: control. Control not just of the global health bodies that can coordinate a worldwide vaccination program, or the governments that will mandate such an unprecedented campaign, but control over the global population itself.

This is Part III of a series by James Corbett on the questionable origin of Bill Gates in global public health today. Watch the rest of the series here.

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PMID: 

J Infect Dis. 2020 Apr 9. Epub 2020 Apr 9. PMID: 32271384

Abstract Title: 

Exosomes facilitate transmission of Enterovirus A71 from human intestinal epithelial cells.

Abstract: 

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) has been noted for its tendency to lead to neurological manifestations in young children and infants. Although the alimentary tract has been identified as the primary replication site of this virus, how EV-A71 replicates in the gut and is transmitted to other organs remains unclear. By using differentiated C2BBe1 cells as a model, we observed that intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were permissive to EV-A71 infection and viral particles were released in a nonlytic manner. The coexistence of active caspase 3 and EV-A71 protein was observed in the infected undifferentiated C2BBe1 and RD cells but not in the infected and differentiated C2BBe1 cells. Furthermore, EV-A71 infection caused differentiated C2BBe1 and intestinal organoids to secrete exosomes containing viral components and have the ability to establish active infection. Inhibition of the exosome pathway decreased EV-A71 replication and release in vitro and increased the survival rates of infected animals. Our findings showed that EV-A71 is able to be actively replicated in enterocytes, and that the exosome pathway is involved in the nonlytic release of viral particles, which may be useful for developing antiviral strategies.

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PMID: 

Oral Dis. 2020 May ;26(4):778-788. Epub 2020 Feb 5. PMID: 31958204

Abstract Title: 

Exosomes from EV71-infected oral epithelial cells can transfer miR-30a to promote EV71 infection.

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVE: As an extracellular vesicle, exosomes can release from virus-infected cells containing various viral or host cellular elements and could stimulate recipient's cellular response. Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a single-strand positive-sense RNA virus, is known to cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children and bring about severe clinical diseases.METHODS: Separated the human oral epithelial cells (OE cells) from normal buccal mucosa through enzyme digestion. Performed a comprehensive miRNA profiling in exosomes from EV71-infected OE cells through deep small RNA-seq. Using the Human Antiviral Response RT Profiler PCR Array profiles to explore the interactions of innate immune signaling networks with exosomal miR-30a. Knocked out the MyD88 gene in macrophages using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing method.RESULTS: Our study demonstrated that the miR-30a was preferentially enriched in exosomes that released from EV71-infected human oral epithelial cells through small RNA-seq. We found that the transfer of exosomal miR-30a to macrophages could suppress typeⅠ interferon response through targeting myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and subsequently facilitate the viral replication.CONCLUSIONS: Exosomes released from EV71-infected OE cells selectively packaged high level of miR-30a that can be functionally transferred to the recipient macrophages resulted in targeting MyD88 and subsequently inhibited type I interferon production in receipt cells, thus promoting the EV71 replication.

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PMID: 

J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2020 Apr 30:1-27. Epub 2020 Apr 30. PMID: 32351170

Abstract Title: 

Dancing with Trojan horses: an interplay between the extracellular vesicles and viruses.

Abstract: 

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-encapsulated particles released by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells into the extracellular environment. Depending on their origin, size, and composition, EVs are grouped in several classes, with one of them being exosomes, which are small EVs (SEVs) generated within the endosomal compartment of eukaryotic cells via the unique multivesicular body pathway. Being able to deliver their content (proteins, lipids, small molecules, and nucleic acids) to other cells, exosomes/SEVs are considered as bioactive vesicles with multiple biological functions. Importantly, the composition of exosomes/SEVs depends on the cell and tissue of origin including a set of specific proteins. However, the pathological conditions may lead to the appearance of diseases-specific exosomes/SEVs containing pathology-specific cargoes utilized in the malicious cell-cell communication and spread of malady. Viruses demonstrate complex 'dancing' around the exosome biogenesis system, being able to hijack the host systems responsible for the exosome biogenesis. They use the exosome biogenesis system to promote packaging of their capsids, regulate virion production, and virus secretion. They also utilize a Trojan horse stratagem to place virions inside the SEVs and thereby to spread beyond their normal range of cell hosts using the normal EV uptake process. Another illustration of the virus-based utilization of Trojan horse strategy is given by the ability of human viruses to use exosomes/SEVs as carriers of their exogenous miRNA or viral proteins to the non-infected cells. Taken together, these strategies of dancing with Trojan horses can help viruses to fight with the host defense and to spread the infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

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PMID: 

HNO. 2020 May 12. Epub 2020 May 12. PMID: 32399644

Abstract Title: 

[Exosomes as immune regulators in head and neck cancer].

Abstract: 

Exosomes, virus-sized nanovesicles, are utilized as messenger systems of our body to communicate with other body cells and regulate immune functions. Almost all cells produce exosomes and are able to interact with immune cells in the blood stream and peripheral body areas. Different markers on the surface of exosomes are necessary for immune cell adhesion and interaction. Furthermore, many types of exosome-immune cell interaction, such as surface receptor contact and phagocytosis, are known. As carriers of different cargos, exosomes affect different immune cell types in head and neck cancers: So far, T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells have been described in this context. For diagnostic purposes, a combined analysis of different parameters including protein amount, nucleic acid/protein expression, and the immunosuppressive impact of exosomes could empower exosomes asuseful tools for evaluation of tumor promotion and progression in the future.

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One study indicates that a popular Apple product is emitting much more radiofrequency radiation, recognized as a carcinogen by the WHO, than the company previously disclosed

Research suggests lutein and astaxanthin may decrease the risk of various cognitive disorders and improve visual function in both young and aging adults

PMID: 

Front Neurol. 2019 ;10:1145. Epub 2019 Oct 31. PMID: 31736860

Abstract Title: 

Effects of CBD-EnrichedExtract on Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms: An Observational Study of 18 Participants Undergoing Compassionate Use.

Abstract: 

Autism Spectrum Disorders comprise conditions that may affect cognitive development, motor skills, social interaction, communication, and behavior. This set of functional deficits often results in lack of independence for the diagnosed individuals, and severe distress for patients, families, and caregivers. There is a mounting body of evidence indicating the effectiveness of pure cannabidiol (CBD) and CBD-enrichedextract (CE) for the treatment of autistic symptoms in refractory epilepsy patients. There is also increasing data support for the hypothesis that non-epileptic autism shares underlying etiological mechanisms with epilepsy. Here we report an observational study with a cohort of 18 autistic patients undergoing treatment with compassionate use of standardized CBD-enriched CE (with a CBD to THC ratio of 75/1). Among the 15 patients who adhered to the treatment (10 non-epileptic and five epileptic) only one patient showed lack of improvement in autistic symptoms. Due to adverse effects, three patients discontinued CE use before 1 month. After 6-9 months of treatment, most patients, including epileptic and non-epileptic, showed some level of improvement in more than one of the eight symptom categories evaluated: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; Behavioral Disorders; Motor Deficits; Autonomy Deficits; Communication and Social Interaction Deficits; Cognitive Deficits; Sleep Disorders and Seizures, with very infrequent and mild adverse effects. The strongest improvements were reported for Seizures, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Sleep Disorders, and Communication and Social Interaction Deficits. This was especially true for the 10 non-epileptic patients, nine of which presented improvement equal to or above 30% in at least one of the eight categories, six presented improvement of 30% or more in at least two categories and four presented improvement equal to or above 30% in at least four symptom categories. Ten out of the 15 patients were using other medicines, and nine of these were able to keep the improvements even after reducing or withdrawing other medications. The results reported here are very promising and indicate that CBD-enriched CE may ameliorate multiple ASD symptoms even in non-epileptic patients, with substantial increase in life quality for both ASD patients and caretakers.

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With the advent of the so-called COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen a number of medical practices that have little or no scientific support as regards reducing the spread of this infection

PMID: 

Int J Pharm. 2020 Jan 25 ;574:118916. Epub 2019 Dec 4. PMID: 31811927

Abstract Title: 

CBD loaded microparticles as a potential formulation to improve paclitaxel and doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in breast cancer.

Abstract: 

Cannabidiol (CBD) has emerged as a potential agent for breast cancer management. In this work, the potential use of cannabidiol in solution (CBD) and encapsulated in polymeric microparticles when combined with paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) in breast cancer treatment has been evaluated for the first time using MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. CBD, previously administered at suboptimal concentrations (cell death 

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