PMID: 

Vaccine. 2012 Oct 5 ;30(45):6444-8. Epub 2012 Aug 14. PMID: 22902678

Abstract Title: 

Economic impact of the 2009-2010 Guam mumps outbreak on the public health sector and affected families.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: The United States Territory of Guam reported a large mumps outbreak of 505 cases during 2009-2010. We assessed the economic impact of the outbreak from the perspectives of the local public health sector and affected families.METHODS: Using standard cost analysis methods, we retrospectively identified all public health personnel involved in the outbreak response and surveyed them about their outbreak-related activities. We then estimated the costs of outbreak-related personnel hours and materials. We also assessed out-of-pocket costs and costs incurred for work-time missed for persons with mumps and their families. We defined the analysis period as February 25-October 22, 2010.RESULTS: Seventy-six public health personnel were involved in outbreak response activities. Overall, the response required approximately 8264 person-hours, 2380 miles driven, and 3000 doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine ordered. The cost to the public health sector was 256,785 U.S. dollars (USD). Families of 102 persons with mumps were interviewed. An estimated 761 USD per person with mumps was spent by families; 88% of this cost was due to missed days of work. The estimated total cost to families of the 470 persons with mumps during the analysis period was 357,670 USD. Total outbreak-related costs were 614,455 USD.CONCLUSIONS: The costs reported underscore the impact of mumps outbreaks in highly vaccinated populations and the need for effective mumps prevention and control strategies.

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PMID: 

J Infect Dis. 1994 Jan ;169(1):77-82. PMID: 8277201

Abstract Title: 

Sustained transmission of mumps in a highly vaccinated population: assessment of primary vaccine failure and waning vaccine-induced immunity.

Abstract: 

From January to July 1991, an outbreak of mumps occurred in Maury County, Tennessee. At the primarily affected high school, where 98% of students and all but 1 student with mumps had been vaccinated before the outbreak, 68 mumps cases occurred among 1116 students (attack rate, 6.1%). Students vaccinated before 1988 (the first year mumps vaccination was required for school attendance in Tennessee) may have been at greater risk of mumps than those vaccinated later (65[6.1%] of 1001 vs. 2[2.2%] of 89; risk ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-11.6). Of 13 persons with confirmed mumps who underwent serologic testing, 3 lacked IgM antibody in well-timed acute- and convalescent-phase serum specimens. Vaccine failure accounted for a sustained mumps outbreak in a highly vaccinated population. Most mumps cases were attributable to primary vaccine failure. It is possible that waning vaccine-induced immunity also played a role.

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PMID: 

BJU Int. 2002 Dec ;90(9):970. PMID: 12460367

Abstract Title: 

Mumps vaccine-associated acute orchitis with accompanying idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Abstract: 

[n/a]

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PMID: 

J Nutr Biochem. 2020 Jan 7 ;78:108335. Epub 2020 Jan 7. PMID: 31978713

Abstract Title: 

Lycopene attenuates body weight gain through induction of browning via regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

Abstract: 

Lycopene (LYC), one of the major carotenoids in tomatoes, has been preclinically and clinically used to obesity and type 2 diabetes management. However, whether its ability of countering body weight gain is related to induction of brown-like adipocyte phenotype in white adipose tissues (WAT) remains largely unknown. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ (PPARγ) serves the brown-like phenotype conversion and energy expenditure. Here, we show that LYC treatment promotes glucose consumption and improves insulin sensitivity, as well as fosters white adipocytes browning through up-regulating mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARγ, uncoupling protein 1, PPARγ coactivator-1α and PR domain-containing 16 in the differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and primary adipocytes, as well as in the WAT of HFD-exposed obese mice. In addition, LYC treatment attenuates body weight gain and improves serum lipid profiles as well as promotes brown adipose tissue activation in obese mice. Moreover, PPARγ is induced with LYC intervention in mitochondria respiration and browning in white adipocytes and tissues. Taken together, these results suggest that LYC counteracts obesity and improves glucose and lipid metabolism through induction of the browning viaup-regulation of PPARγ, which offers a new perspective of this compound to combat obesity and obesity-related disorders.

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PMID: 

Euro Surveill. 2009 Feb 5 ;14(5). Epub 2009 Feb 5. PMID: 19215718

Abstract Title: 

Mumps outbreak on the island of Anglesey, North Wales, December 2008-January 2009.

Abstract: 

Twenty-three cases of clinical mumps in young people have been reported in North Wales over a five-week period since late December 2008. All cases have social links, and most of them have received two doses of mumps-containing vaccine.

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PMID: 

Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Jan ;18(1):191-3. PMID: 22260843

Abstract Title: 

Mumps vaccine effectiveness against orchitis.

Abstract: 

[n/a]

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PMID: 

Vaccine. 2012 Aug 3 ;30(36):5324-6. Epub 2012 Jun 28. PMID: 22749598

Abstract Title: 

Horizontal transmission of the Leningrad-Zagreb mumps vaccine strain: a report of six symptomatic cases of parotitis and one case of meningitis.

Abstract: 

Here we report horizontal symptomatic transmission of the Leningrad-Zagreb (L-Zagreb) mumps vaccine virus. Children who were the source of transmission had been vaccinated with the MMR vaccine (Serum Institute of India) contained L-Zagreb mumps virus. This is the first report of horizontal symptomatic transmission of this vaccine. The etiology of all seven contact cases was confirmed by epidemiological linking, serology and by F, SH, NP and HN mumps virus genes sequencing.

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PMID: 

Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020 Feb ;39(2):e25-e27. PMID: 31929435

Abstract Title: 

Vaccine-Strain Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus in a 14-month-old Boy Prompting an Immunodeficiency Workup: Case Report and Review of Vaccine-strain Herpes Zoster.

Abstract: 

We present a case of herpes zoster ophthalmicus in an otherwise healthy 14-month-old male associated with vaccine-strain varicella-zoster virus 11 weeks after monovalent varicella vaccine administration. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, especially in the setting of familial immunoglobulin A deficiency, prompted further immunologic workup. A high index of suspicion is necessary for timely diagnosis and treatment of vaccine-strain herpes zoster.

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PMID: 

N Engl J Med. 2016 Jun 30 ;374(26):2519-29. PMID: 27355532

Abstract Title: 

Seven-Year Efficacy of RTS,S/AS01 Malaria Vaccine among Young African Children.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: The candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS01 is being evaluated in order to inform a decision regarding its inclusion in routine vaccination schedules.METHODS: We conducted 7 years of follow-up in children who had been randomly assigned, at 5 to 17 months of age, to receive three doses of either the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine or a rabies (control) vaccine. The end point was clinical malaria (temperature of≥37.5°C and infection with Plasmodium falciparum of>2500 parasites per cubic millimeter). In an analysis that was not prespecified, the malaria exposure of each child was estimated with the use of information on the prevalence of malaria among residents within a 1-km radius of the child's home. Vaccine efficacy was defined as 1 minus the hazard ratio or the incidence-rate ratio, multiplied by 100, in the RTS,S/AS01 group versus the control group.RESULTS: Over 7 years of follow-up, we identified 1002 episodes of clinical malaria among 223 children randomly assigned to the RTS,S/AS01 group and 992 episodes among 224 children randomly assigned to the control group. The vaccine efficacy, as assessed by negative binomial regression, was 4.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], -17.0 to 21.9; P=0.66) in the intention-to-treat analysis and 7.0% (95% CI, -14.5 to 24.6; P=0.52) in the per-protocol analysis. Vaccine efficacy waned over time (P=0.006 for the interaction between vaccination and time), including negative efficacy during the fifth year among children with higher-than-average exposure to malaria parasites (intention-to-treat analysis: -43.5%; 95% CI, -100.3 to -2.8 [P=0.03]; per-protocol analysis: -56.8%; 95% CI, -118.7 to -12.3 [P=0.008]).CONCLUSIONS: A three-dose vaccination with RTS,S/AS01 was initially protective against clinical malaria, but this result was offset by rebound in later years in areas with higher-than-average exposure to malaria parasites. (Funded by the PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00872963.).

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PMID: 

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2020 Jan 20 ;188:110814. Epub 2020 Jan 20. PMID: 31982791

Abstract Title: 

Lycopene used as Anti-inflammatory Nanodrug for the Treatment of Rheumathoid Arthritis: Animal assay, Pharmacokinetics, ABC Transporter and Tissue Deposition.

Abstract: 

Lycopene is a carotenoid drug that has demonstrated several properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The absorption in human body is very low (10-30 % only). In order to increase the bioavailability, lycopene nanoemulsion was formulated and characterized (atomic force microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis dynamic light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry). Also in vitro assay to evaluate the at-binding with MPR1 was performed. Finally, in vivo assay in animals inducted with rheumathoid arthritis were performed. The results showed that the formulated nanolycopene had superior efficacy when compared with the conventional lycopene (not nano-formulated) in inducted animals (rheumatoid arthritis). The results support the use of nanolycopene as an anti-inflammatory agent for rheumatoid arthritis therapy.

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