PMID: 

J Med Case Rep. 2013 Oct 7 ;7:237. Epub 2013 Oct 7. PMID: 24099396

Abstract Title: 

A young traveller presenting with typhoid fever after oral vaccination: a case report.

Abstract: 

INTRODUCTION: Typhoid fever is one of the most common vaccine-preventable diseases in travellers returning from tropical destinations. However, immunity and the immune response to infection are barely understood.CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of tyhoid fever in a 29-year-old Caucasian, previously healthy woman who did not develop protective immunity or seroconversion of H or O antibodies neither after vaccination with the oral Ty21 vaccine, nor after infection with Salmonella typhi.CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the insufficiencies of the current vaccination and the lack of a reliable, rapid serologic diagnostic tool for typhoid fever. With this case report, we aim to sensitize the reader that typhoid fever has to be taken into account as a differential diagnosis in patients even after vaccination and with negative serological test results.

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PMID: 

J Med Food. 2017 Dec ;20(12):1214-1221. PMID: 29243969

Abstract Title: 

Low-Molecular-Weight Oligonol, a Polyphenol Derived from Lychee Fruit, Attenuates Experimental Reflux Esophagitis and HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer.

Abstract: 

Oligonol, a polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, is produced by an oligomerization process that converts high-molecular-weight polyphenol polymers into low-molecular-weight oligomers. Evidence suggests that oligonol exerts its beneficial effects based on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was the first to investigate the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of oligonol on gastroesophageal inflammatory models: surgically induced acute reflux esophagitis (RE) and gastric ulcer (GU) induced by HCl/ethanol. In the in vitro study, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays were performed to determine the antioxidant activity of oligonol. The experimental groups were each composed of normal, vehicle, and oligonol groups. RE rats and GU mice were treated orally with oligonol (100 mg/kg bw) or distilled water as a vehicle (n = 8 for each group). Oligonol exhibited potent free radical-scavenging capacities for DPPH and ABTS radicals, activities that were similar to those of ascorbic acid. The in vivo study revealed that oligonol consumption significantly prevented RE and GU formation and decreased the gross mucosal injury from oxidative stress. Oligonol decreased the reactive oxygen species levels and elevated levels of both inflammatory mediators and cytokines (p-IκB, NF-κBp65, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in the RE and GU models. Oligonol had a protectiveeffect against oxidative stress by regulating antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and GPx-1/2) activities in GU mice. Oligonol has potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent for gastroesophageal inflammatory diseases, including RE and GU.

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PMID: 

J Infect Dis. 2017 02 15 ;215(4):574-580. Epub 2016 Dec 23. PMID: 28013247

Abstract Title: 

Evidence for Hepatitis A virus endemic circulation in Israel despite universal toddlers' vaccination since 1999 and low clinical incidence in all age groups.

Abstract: 

Background: Universal toddlers vaccination (UTV) introduced in 1999, reduced hepatitis A incidence in Israel from 50.4 to

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PMID: 

Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Jun ;210(6):561.e1-6. Epub 2013 Dec 27. PMID: 24378675

Abstract Title: 

Reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System after hepatitis A and hepatitis AB vaccines in pregnant women.

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVE: To characterize adverse events (AEs) after hepatitis A vaccines (Hep A) and hepatitis A and hepatitis B combination vaccine (Hep AB) in pregnant women reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a spontaneous reporting surveillance system.STUDY DESIGN: We searched VAERS for AEs reports in pregnant women who received Hep A or Hep AB from Jan. 1, 1996-April 5, 2013. Clinicians reviewed all reports and available medical records.RESULTS: VAERS received 139 reports of AEs in pregnant women; 7 (5.0%) were serious; no maternal or infant deaths were identified. Sixty-five (46.8%) did not describe any AEs. For those women whose gestational age was available, most were vaccinated during the first trimester, 50/60 (83.3%) for Hep A and 18/21 (85.7%) for Hep AB. The most common pregnancy-specific outcomes following Hep A or Hep AB vaccinations were spontaneous abortion in 15 (10.8%) reports, elective termination in 10 (7.2%), and preterm delivery in 7 (5.0%) reports. The most common nonpregnancy specific outcome was urinary tract infection and nausea/vomiting with 3 (2.2%) reports each. One case of amelia of the lower extremities was reported in an infant following maternal Hep A immunization.CONCLUSION: This review of VAERS reports did not identify any concerning pattern of AEs in pregnant women or their infants following maternal Hep A or Hep AB immunizations during pregnancy.

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PMID: 

MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006 May 19 ;55(RR-7):1-23. PMID: 16708058

Abstract Title: 

Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).

Abstract: 

Routine vaccination of children is an effective way to reduce hepatitis A incidence in the United States. Since licensure of hepatitis A vaccine during 1995-1996, the hepatitis A childhood immunization strategy has been implemented incrementally, starting with the recommendation of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in 1996 to vaccinate children living in communities with the highest disease rates and continuing in 1999 with ACIP's recommendations for vaccination of children living in states, counties, and communities with consistently elevated hepatitis A rates. These updated recommendations represent the final step in the childhood hepatitis A immunization strategy, routine hepatitis A vaccination of children nationwide. Implementation of these recommendations will reinforce existing vaccination programs, extend the benefits associated with hepatitis A vaccination to the rest of the country, and create the foundation for eventual consideration of elimination of indigenous hepatitis A virus transmission. This report updates ACIP's 1999 recommendations concerning the prevention of hepatitis A through immunization (CDC. Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP]. MMWR 1999:48[No. RR-12]:1-37) and includes 1) new data on the epidemiology of hepatitis A in the era of hepatitis A vaccination of children in selected U.S. areas, 2) results of analyses of the economics of nationwide routine vaccination of children, and 3) recommendations for the routine vaccination of children in the United States. Previous recommendations for vaccination of persons in groups at increased risk for hepatitis A or its adverse consequences and recommendations regarding the use of immune globulin for protection against hepatitis A are unchanged from the 1999 recommendations.

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PMID: 

Curr Nutr Food Sci. 2018 Apr ;14(2):164-170. PMID: 29853817

Abstract Title: 

Supplementation with Oligonol, Prevents Weight Gain and Improves Lipid Profile in Overweight and Obese Saudi Females.

Abstract: 

Background: Obesity is a global health problem, increasing susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Varieties of products have been proposed for treatment with varying degrees of success. Recent studies, suggested Oligonol; an optimized phenolic product mixture from Lychee Fruit Polyphenols (LFP); as such treatment in Japanese population.Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effect of oligonol on weight, insulin resistance by (HOMA-IR), lipids profile, leptin, Adiponectin, and resistin in healthy overweight and obese Saudi females.Subjects and Methods: 60 Saudi healthy overweight and obese females were enrolled in a double blind case/control study to take either Oligonol or placebo for 12 weeks without dietary or lifestyle re-strictions. Weight, height, Waist Circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and blood pressure were measured, and fasting blood samples of participants were taken before, and at the end of study. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were meas-ured. LDL- cholesterol, HOMA-IR were calculated by equation.Results: 47 subjects completed the study, 25 in placebo group, and 22 in Oligonol group. No ill effects were noted in any participant. Oligonol reduced means of serum triglycerides (P=0.008), and resistin (P=0.045) significantly. In addition, no weight gain was noted in oligonol group, unlike placebo group which exhibited significant increase in mean weight (P= 0.036), WC (P=0.027), HC (P= 0.047), and leptin (P

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PMID: 

Hepatology. 2005 Jul ;42(1):72-6. PMID: 15918171

Abstract Title: 

A functional polymorphism in the IL-10 promoter influences the response after vaccination with HBsAg and hepatitis A.

Abstract: 

The immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is mostly genetically determined. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a central immunoregulatory cytokine with important effects on B-cells. We have studied the influence of IL-10 promoter polymorphisms on the immune response to HBsAg and hepatitis A vaccination. We vaccinated 202 twin pairs in an open prospective study with a combined recombinant HBsAg/inactivated hepatitis A vaccine. IL-10 promoter polymorphisms were investigated in all individuals and their influence on anti-HBs, and anti-HAV responsiveness was studied. In the multiple regression analysis accounting for smoking, gender, body mass index and age, the ACC haplotype (-1082, -819 and -592) had a strong influence on anti-HBs production. Individuals carrying the ACC haplotype had anti-HBs titres almost twice as high as individuals without this haplotype. In contrast, anti-HAV production was suppressed by the presence of the -1082A allele in comparison with individuals homozygous for the -1082G allele. The contribution of the shared IL-10 promoter haplotype accounted for 27% of the genetic influence on anti-HBs antibody response. In conclusion, genetic variability in the IL-10 promoter is an important modulator of the immune response against hepatitis viral antigens.

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PMID: 

J Pediatr. 2004 Mar ;144(3):327-32. PMID: 15001936

Abstract Title: 

Effect of maternal antibody on immunogenicity of hepatitis A vaccine in infants.

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of maternal antibody on hepatitis A vaccine immunogenicity in infants. Study design Infants of mothers negative for antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV; group 1) were administered hepatitis A vaccine at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, and infants of anti-HAV-positive mothers were randomized to receive either hepatitis A vaccine (group 2) or hepatitis B vaccine (group 3) on the same schedule. Group 3 infants subsequently received hepatitis A vaccine at 8 and 10 months of age.RESULTS: At 15 months of age, 100% of infants in group 1, 93% in group 2, and 92% in group 3 had protective levels of antibody. However, there were significant differences in the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-HAV between groups. Group 1 GMC was 231 mIU/mL, compared with 85 mIU/mL for group 2 and 84 mIU/mL for group 3 (P

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PMID: 

Am J Med. 2003 Nov ;115(7):587. PMID: 14599645

Abstract Title: 

Neurological adverse event after administration of the hepatitis A vaccine.

Abstract: 

[n/a]

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PMID: 

Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004 Jun ;23(6):586-8. PMID: 15194849

Abstract Title: 

Possible association of Guillain-Barré syndrome and hepatitis A vaccination.

Abstract: 

We report a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome in a previously healthy child who received a hepatitis A vaccination (HAVRIX) 5 days before onset of symptoms. No other precipitating factor could be identified. The relevant literature is reviewed and discussed.

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