PMID: 

Environ Int. 2019 12 ;133(Pt A):105123. Epub 2019 Sep 12. PMID: 31521814

Abstract Title: 

Association of urinary bisphenols and triclosan with thyroid function during early pregnancy.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Bisphenols and triclosan are considered as potential thyroid disruptors. While mild alterations in maternal thyroid function can result in adverse pregnancy and child developmental outcomes, there is still uncertainty whether bisphenols or triclosan can interfere with thyroid function during pregnancy.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the association of urinary bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF) and triclosan with early pregnancy thyroid function.METHODS: This study was embedded in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy study (SELMA), a population-based prospective pregnancy cohort. In total, 1996 participants were included in the current study. Maternal urinary concentrations of three bisphenols and triclosan, collected at median (95% range) 10 (6-14) weeks of pregnancy as well as serum concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total thyroxine (TT4), and total triiodothyronine (TT3) were measured.RESULTS: Higher BPA levels were associated with lower TT4 concentrations (non-monotonic, P = 0.03), a lower FT4/FT3 ratio (β [SE] -0.02 [0.01], P = 0.03) and a lower TT4/TT3 ratio (β [SE] -0.73 [0.27], P = 0.008). Higher BPF levels were associated with a higher FT3 (β [SE] 0.01 [0.007], P = 0.04). There were no associations between other bisphenols or triclosan and absolute TSH, (F)T4 or (F)T3 concentrations. The association of BPA with thyroid function differed with gestational age. The negative association of BPA with FT4/FT3 and TT4/TT3 ratios was only apparent in early but not late gestation (P for interaction: 0.003, 0.008, respectively).CONCLUSION: These human data during pregnancy substantiate experimental findings suggesting that BPA could potentially affect thyroid function and deiodinase activities in early gestation.

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PMID: 

Environ Health Perspect. 2019 10 ;127(10):107001. Epub 2019 Oct 1. PMID: 31573832

Abstract Title: 

Associations of Trimester-Specific Exposure to Bisphenols with Size at Birth: A Chinese Prenatal Cohort Study.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor that affects fetal growth in experimental studies. Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), which have been substituted for BPA in some consumer products, have also shown endocrine-disrupting effects in experimental models. However, the effects of BPF and BPS on fetal growth in humans are unknown.OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to investigate trimester-specific associations of urinary concentrations of BPA, BPF, and BPS with size at birth.METHODS: The present study included 845 pregnant women from Wuhan, China (2013-2015), who provided one urine sample in each of the first, second, and third trimesters. Linear regressions with generalized estimating equations were applied to estimate trimester-specific associations of urinary bisphenol concentrations with birth weight, birth length, and ponderal index. Linear mixed-effects models were used to identify potential critical windows of susceptibility to bisphenols by comparing the exposure patterns of newborns in the 10th percentile of each birth anthropometric measurement to that of those in the 90th percentile.RESULTS: Medians (25th-75th percentiles) of urinary concentrations of BPA, BPF, and BPS were 1.40 (0.19-3.85), 0.65 (0.34-1.39), and 0.38 (0.13-1.11) ng/mL, respectively. Urinary BPA concentrations in different trimesters were inversely, but not significantly, associated with birth weight and ponderal index. Urinary concentrations of BPF and BPS during some trimesters were associated with significantly lower birth weight, birth length, or ponderal index, with significant trend-values () across quartiles of BPF and BPS concentrations. The observed associations were unchanged after additionally adjusting for other bisphenols. In addition, newborns in the 10th percentile of each birth anthropometry measure had higher BPF and BPS exposures during pregnancy than newborns in the 90th percentile of each outcome.CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposure to BPF and BPS was inversely associated with size at birth in this cohort. Replication in other populations is needed. https://ift.tt/2RmYFoI.

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PMID: 

Environ Res. 2020 Jan 3 ;182:109104. Epub 2020 Jan 3. PMID: 31927299

Abstract Title: 

Urinary bisphenol A and its analogues and haemato-biochemical alterations of pregnant women in Korea.

Abstract: 

INTRODUCTION: Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are chemical substitutes for, and may have similar physiological effects to, bisphenol A (BPA). Bisphenols provoke endocrine disorders and are cytotoxic, oxidize hemoglobin, and induce morphological changes in human red blood cells (RBC). It is more sensitive to changes in the RBC number and hemoglobin (Hb) level during pregnancy. Therefore, we investigated the effects of bisphenols (BPs) and their substitute compounds on hemopoiesis and the serum biochemical parameters of pregnant women.METHODS: The study population comprised 196 pregnant women from the MAKE cohort study, recruitment for which occurred from 2017 to 2019. We measured the levels of BPA, BPF and BPS in urine samples and collected data on socioeconomic, lifestyle, and environmental factors at visits to the hospital. The associations between the levels of the three BPs and biochemical parameters were analyzed by multiple linear regression.RESULTS: The geometric mean urinary concentrations of specific gravity adjusted BPA, BPF, and BPS were 2.1, 0.2, and 0.1 μg/L, respectively. There was a significant negative association between the urinary concentration of BPA and the Hb level (β = -0.5, p = 0.02). After stratifying by the median concentrations of the three BPs, the maternal urinary BPA level had a significantly negative effect on the RBC count, HB level, and hematocrit in the high BPA concentration group (RBC, β = – 0.5, p = 0.001; Hb, β = -1.4, p = 0.002; Hct, β = -5.0, p = 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: BPA has a harmful effect on hemato-biochemical changes that occur during pregnancy. Further studies should investigate the relation between widespread exposure to bisphenols and effects on human health.

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PMID: 

Environ Res. 2019 Nov 22:108944. Epub 2019 Nov 22. PMID: 31911000

Abstract Title: 

Association of urinary levels of bisphenols F and S used as bisphenol A substitutes with asthma and hay fever outcomes.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Bisphenols F (BPF) and S (BPS) are bisphenol A (BPA) analogs used as substitutes in consumer products. Despite previous reports of BPA's association with asthma, no studies have examined its structural analogs in relation to asthma and allergy outcomes.OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of urinary BPF, BPS, and BPA with asthma and hay fever in a US representative sample.METHODS: We analyzed data from 3,538 participants aged 12 years or older in the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Children aged 6-11 years (N = 738), who did not have all covariate data available, were analyzed separately. Covariate-adjusted logistic regression was used to assess the association of the exposures with the outcomes.RESULTS: BPF, BPS, and BPA were detected in 57.1%, 88.4%, and 94.8% of the urine samples, respectively. Urinary BPF detection was positively associated with current asthma (odds ratio [OR]: 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-2.04) and hay fever (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.12-2.46). Urinary BPS was associated with increased odds of current asthma in men (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.13-2.40) and urinary BPA was associated with increased odds of asthma without hay fever in children aged 6-11 years (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.05-6.68).CONCLUSION: Our nationally-representative findings document that BPF and BPS exposure is common in the US and that exposure to these BPA analogs is associated with asthma and/or hay fever. Our results suggest that BPF and BPS may not be safe alternatives to BPA; however, prospective studies should be conducted to confirm these results.

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PMID: 

Drug Res (Stuttg). 2018 Nov ;68(11):631-636. Epub 2018 May 25. PMID: 29801176

Abstract Title: 

Anti-Diabetic Potential of Murraya Koenigii (L.) and its Antioxidant Capacity in Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats.

Abstract: 

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to investigate whether the antihyperglycemic effect ofis mediated by antioxidant properties and insulin mimetic effect.METHODS: Thirty-rats were induced hyperglycemia by streptozotocin and nicotinamide (STZ-NA). The STZ-NA diabetic rats were treated with an ethanolic extract of200 mg/kg b.w and 400 mg/kg b.w. One group was treated with glibenclamide (1 mg/kg b.w). After the administration ofextract and glibenclamide for four weeks, the rats were sacrificed. Blood and organ samples were collected under a fasting condition. The body weight and blood glucose levels were measured. Hepatic enzymes were determined using a commercial kit, protein levels were estimated by Bradford's method, and plasma insulin was assayed by an ELISA kit. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were estimated by the TBA-Wills method and Ellman's method, respectively.RESULTS: Ethanolic extract ofshowed a significant reduction in blood glucose level at both doses, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. In addition,exhibited a profound antioxidant effect with decreased MDA level and increased GSH level, particularly at the 200 mg/kg b.w. and significantly decreased the HOMA-IR index.CONCLUSIONS: The present study reveals thatpossesses antidiabetic activity and antioxidant effects on STZ-NA induced diabetes mellitus.

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PMID: 

J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2018 Sep-Oct;22(5):427-432. PMID: 30210192

Abstract Title: 

Comparative evaluation of efficacy ofand chlorhexidine gluconate in the treatment of gingivitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Abstract: 

Background: Herbal products are widely substituting synthetic antimicrobials due to their minimal adverse effects and cost-effectiveness.(curry leaf) is an easily available green leafy vegetable, which is known for their antimicrobial, antioxidative, and cytotoxic activity. However, no published literature available evaluates their effectiveness in treating gingival inflammation. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness ofmouthwash in reduction of plaque and gingivitis in comparison with commercially available chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash.Materials and Methods: This single-center, parallel-arm, randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out among individuals reported to the institution. A total of 45 participants with mild-to-moderate gingivitis were selected and divided into three groups. Group A and B participants undergone scaling and were instructed to useand CHX mouthwashes, respectively. Group C participants have received only scaling. All the participants were recalled after 14 days of prescribed mouthwash use and clinical parameters were recorded. One-way analysis of variance test and Student's paired-test were used for inter- and intra-group comparison of parameters, respectively.Results: On intragroup comparison of clinical parameters, all the three groups showed a statistically significant difference with≤ 0.05. On pairwise comparison, it showed a significant difference for Group B versus Group C and Group A versus Group C, while between Group A and Group B showed no significant difference.Conclusion: mouthwash is equally effective as CHX, in treating plaque-induced gingivitis.

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PMID: 

Med Sci Monit. 2019 Mar 17 ;25:2002-2008. Epub 2019 Mar 17. PMID: 30879017

Abstract Title: 

Murrayanine Induces Cell Cycle Arrest, Oxidative Stress, and Inhibition of Phosphorylated p38 Expression in A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND Murrayanine is a carbazole alkaloid derived from Murraya koenigii, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effects of murrayanine on human lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and to investigate the mechanisms of its action. MATERIAL AND METHODS A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells and MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts were grown in culture, and an MTT assay determined cell viability. Cells were treated for 24 h with increasing doses of murrayanine (0, 9, 18, and 36µM). Fluorescence, using 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), acridine orange, ethidium bromide, and propidium iodide (PI), were used for the detection of apoptosis. The cell cycle was studied with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and Western blot evaluated protein expression. RESULTSMurrayanine treatment resulted in significant dose-dependent inhibition of the growth of A549 cells (p

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PMID: 

J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2019 Apr-Jun;10(2):51-55. PMID: 31041182

Abstract Title: 

Evaluation of cytotoxic activity from Temurui ([Linn.] Spreng) leaf extracts against HeLa cell line using MTT assay.

Abstract: 

Temurui ([Linn.] Spreng) is a local plant of Aceh. The leaves ofare used in most of the local foods as spices. Nowadays, cancer is claimed as the second deadly disease in the world where the number of sufferers increases every year. Cervical cancer (HeLa) is one of the most dominant cancers that happen in developing country, including Indonesia. Some chemotherapeutic agents using synthetic drugs have been used to treat cancer, but they are relatively expensive and cause poisoning that limits their use. Based on literatures,serves the potential secondary metabolites that could be developed as anticancer agent. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic activity from three extracts ofleaves against HeLa cell line, including hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Methodology used included extraction process, phytochemical screening, and cytotoxicity evaluation. The result showed that all the three extracts demonstrated a potent cytotoxic activity for HeLa cancer cells. Hexane and ethyl acetate showed a very strong cytotoxic effect with CDvalues

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PMID: 

Pak J Pharm Sci. 2019 Jul ;32(4):1643-1648. PMID: 31608885

Abstract Title: 

Comparative effect of Beta blocker-Atenolol and Murraya koenigii (L.) spreng (Curry leaves) on cardiac enzyme (CK-MB) level in male albino rats.

Abstract: 

Murraya koenigii (L.) spreng (curry leaves) have traditionally been used for its various medicinal properties. The current study was conducted to assess the comparative effect of Murraya koenigii (L.) spreng (curry leaves) and market available beta blocker drug Atenolol on cardiac enzyme (CK-MB) level in male albino rats. Out of total 26 locally bred male Albino Wistar rats (180 to 200gm weight) two rats were treated with only voltral for dose adjustment. Remaining 24 rats were randomly categorized into following 1 control (C) group and 3 experimental groups Model (M), Test 1 (T1) and Test 2 (T2) containing 6 rats in each group. Rats in C group were orally fed by 0.9% saline solution while rats of M and both test groups T1 and T2 were orally treated with voltral tablet (30mg /kg body weight) for three weeks to increase the level of CK-MB heart enzyme. After voltral treatment rats in test group T1 were treated orally with Atenolol (30 mg/kg body weight) and T2 with Murraya koenigii (L.) spreng (curry leaves) extract (180 mg/kg body weight) for last three weeks. Results show that rats treated with Atenolol showed a decrease in level of heart enzyme as compare to M group, while Murraya koenigii (L.) spreng treated rats group T2 showed more significant decrease of heart enzyme (CK-MB) level as compared to M and T1 groups with significantly improved behavioral activity including increased locomotor activity, short-term memory and reduction in depression. These results demonstrate that natural herbal treatment by curry leaves extract play an effective role in lowering the cardiac enzyme (CK-MB) level to its normal range which helps reducing the risk of CVD and CHD.

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PMID: 

Andrologia. 2020 Jan 8:e13504. Epub 2020 Jan 8. PMID: 31912924

Abstract Title: 

Alleviating impact of hydroethanolic Murraya koenigii leaves extract on bisphenol A instigated testicular lethality and apoptosis in mice.

Abstract: 

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine disruptor that imposees adverse effects on male fertility via interacting with germ cells of testis. Objectives of present study were to investigate the possible protective effects of hydroethanolic Murraya koenigii leaves extract (HEMKLE) against BPA-induced testicular damage and apoptosis in mice. Male Balb/c mice were divided into four different groups: Group I (control), Group II (HEMKLE), Group III (BPA) and Group IV (HEMKLE + BPA). Group III (BPA) showed significant decrease in sperm parameters, germ cell number along with increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). A significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes activity was also observed in Group III (BPA) animals. mRNA expression study revealed significant decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 and increase in expressions of caspase-9 and caspase-3, thus clearly demonstrate BPA-induced apoptosis. In addition, HEMKLE co-administration to BPA-treated mice showed a significant increase in sperm parameters, germ cell number, decreased levels of LPO and ROS, increased antioxidant enzymes activity in Group IV (HEMKLE + BPA). Also, mRNA expression study showed a significant increase in Bcl-2 and decrease in caspase-9 and caspase-3 gene expressions in Group IV (HEMKLE + BPA). Thus, the present study suggests that HEMKLE intervention provides protection against BPA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis.

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