PMID: 

Acta Vet Hung. 2019 Dec ;67(4):610-618. PMID: 31842597

Abstract Title: 

Avian influenza virus transmission is suppressed in chickens fedexpressing the 3D8 single-chain variable fragment protein.

Abstract: 

The 3D8 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) is a mini-antibody sequence with independent nuclease activity that shows antiviral effects against all types of viruses in chickens and mice. In this study, chickens were treated daily with an oral dose of 10CFUexpressing either a secreted or anchored 3D8 scFv for three weeks. Afteradministration, the chickens were challenged with avian influenza virus (AIV). From each experimental group, three chickens were directly infected with 100µL of 10EID/mL H9N2 AIV and seven chickens were indirectly challenged through contact transmission. oropharyngeal and cloacal swab samples were collected at 3, 5, 7, and 9 days post-inoculation (dpi) from AIV-challenged chickens, AIV Shedding titres were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Contact transmission in the chickens that were fed 3D8 scFv-secretingshowed a significant reduction in viral shedding when compared with other groups. These results suggest thatsecreting 3D8 provides a basis for the development of ingestible antiviral probiotics with activity against AIV.

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PMID: 

J Food Drug Anal. 2020 Jan ;28(1):103-114. Epub 2019 Oct 17. PMID: 31883598

Abstract Title: 

Alleviating chronic kidney disease progression through modulating the critical genus of gut microbiota in a cisplatin-induced Lanyu pig model.

Abstract: 

In the present study, we investigated the effects of Probiotic mix 1 (Pm1) with Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum, Lactobacillusparacasei subsp. paracasei, and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus on preventing renal injury using a chronic kidney disease (CKD) minipig model previously developed in our lab using cisplatin-induced CKD in Lanyu pigs. The results indicated that the high dosage Pm1 (H.Pm1) group demonstrated lower incidence of lesions, including atrophy, mononuclear inflammation, cell infiltration, and interstitial fibrosis in renal tubules in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome stain. We further systematically investigated the preventing effect of Pm1. The H.Pm1 group decreased inflammatory cytokines production and increased the level of superoxide dismutase activity in plasma. The pigs fed with high dosage of Pm1 group also showed reduced both creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) when compared with the cisplatin group. Microbiota results indicated that Pm1-intervention not only reduced the abundance of Gram-negative bacteria but also affected the abundance of specific genera biomarkers, Anaerovibrio, possible_genus_SK018, Holdemanella, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010 in gut microbiota, leading to decreased inflammation and apoptosis in the kidney and further prevention/alleviation of the symptoms of CKD.

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PMID: 

Front Nutr. 2019 ;6:184. Epub 2019 Dec 10. PMID: 31921877

Abstract Title: 

Study ofCNCM I-1518 in Healthy andColonized Elderly Gut Microbiota.

Abstract: 

Consumption of probiotic bacteria can result in a transient colonization of the human gut and thereby in potential interactions with the commensal microbiota. In this study, we used novel PolyFermS continuous fermentation models to investigate interactions of the candidate probiotic strainCNCM I-1518 () with colonic microbiota from healthy elderly subjects using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metatranscriptomics, or with microbiota-colonized with(NCTC 13307 andDSM 1296)-an enteropathogen prevalent in the elderly population. Small changes in microbiota composition were detected upon daily addition of, including increased abundances of closely related generaand, and of the butyrate producer. Microbiota gene expression was also modulated bywith distinct response of thetranscriptome and an increase in carbohydrate utilization. However, no inhibitory effect ofwas observed oncolonization in the intestinal models under the tested conditions. Our data suggest that, in theexperimental conditions tested and independent of the host,has modulatory effects on both the composition and function of elderly gut microbiota without affectinggrowth and toxin production.

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PMID: 

J Dent Sci. 2019 Jun ;14(2):178-184. Epub 2019 Mar 27. PMID: 31210892

Abstract Title: 

Increasing salivary IgA and reducingby probioticSD1: A double-blind, randomized, controlled study.

Abstract: 

Background/purpose: Our previous study revealed that probioticSD1 could reduce mutans streptococci as evaluated by cultivation-method as well as stimulate innate immunity. This study aimed to further investigate the effect of the probiotic on various oral bacteria by real-time PCR and salivary IgA levels.Materials and methods: Forty children were included by randomization from either probiotic or control group in the previous study. The probiotic or control received milk-powder with or without.SD1, respectively once daily for 6 months. Saliva were collected at baseline 3-, 6-, and 12-months and were evaluated for total bacteria, total lactobacilli (TL),(LP/LC), total streptococci (TS) andusing the real-time PCR. The salivary IgA (sIgA) was examined using the ELISA method.Results: All target bacterial levels were not significantly different at baseline in both groups. After milk-powder consumption, TL and LP/LC levels were significantly increased in the probiotic group, whereas TS andlevels were significantly decreased compared to baseline. TS andlevels were significantly lower, while the sIgA was greater in the probiotic compared to the control group. In the probiotic group, a positive correlation was found between LP/LC and sIgA, while negative correlations were observed between TS orlevels and sIgA.Conclusion: SD1 could controllevel and could stimulate sIgA. Results indicate that theSD1 strain may have a benefit for prevention of dental caries.

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PMID: 

Clin Oral Investig. 2019 Dec 14. Epub 2019 Dec 14. PMID: 31838596

Abstract Title: 

Reduction of Streptococcus mutans by probiotic milk: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of probiotics, Lactobacillus paracasei SD1, on the quantities of Streptococcus mutans in saliva and plaque samples of preschool children.DESIGN: This randomized trial recruited 487 preschool children from eight childcare centers. Participants were assigned to receive a 6-month course of placebo milk daily (group I), probiotic milk either daily (group II) or three days a week (triweekly, group III). The absolute quantities of S. mutans and total lactobacilli in the saliva and plaque samples at baseline (T0), after intervention (T6), and 6 months after discontinuation (T12) were assessed by qPCR.RESULTS: Of 487 children, 354 completed all follow-up periods. However, only 268 children (3.2± 0.8 years old; groups I = 86, II = 89, and III = 93) provided adequate saliva for qPCR. Whereas the quantities of S. mutans were significantly decreased in groups II and III compared to group I in the saliva and plaque samples at T6 and T12, those of total lactobacilli were significantly increased (p

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PMID: 

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2019 ;28(4):701-710. PMID: 31826366

Abstract Title: 

Probiotics in preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced diarrhea: a meta-analysis.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To systematically assess the safety and effectiveness of probiotics in preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID), so as to provide the evidence-based evidence for clinical practice.METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Electronic databases, including EMbase, Cochrane Library, pubMed, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang databases, were retrieved to search for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CIDs among patients with malignant tumors treated with probiotics as of March 2019. Later, the Rev Man 5.3 statistical software was employed to extract data and assess the quality of the identified literature for metaanalysis.RESULTS: Finally, 13 RCTs involving a total of 1024 patients were included into the current metaanalysis. Results of this meta-analysis showed that the addition of probiotics to conventional symptomatic treatment could evidently reduce the total diarrhea rate in patients with cancer [RR=0.47, 95% CI (0.35, 0.63), p

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PMID: 

Sci Rep. 2019 Nov 29 ;9(1):18002. Epub 2019 Nov 29. PMID: 31784669

Abstract Title: 

Probiotics ingestion prevents HDAC11-induced DEC205+ dendritic cell dysfunction in night shift nurses.

Abstract: 

It is known that the day-night shift-rotation has a negative impact on the immune system. The underlying mechanism remains to be further investigated. Probiotics have regulatory effects on immune functions. This study aims to investigate the role of probiotic ingestion in preventing the DEC205dendritic cell (decDC) dysfunction in day-night shift-engaging nurses. In this study, blood samples were collected from day-night shift-rotating nurses who took or did not take yogurt (containing C. Butyricum) during the night shift (NS). decDC functions were evaluated with pertinent immunological approaches. We observed that the immune tolerogenic functions and interleukin (IL)-10 expression were impaired in decDCs of nurses after NS. HDAC11 was detected in decDCs that was markedly up regulated after NS. The HDAC11 levels were negatively correlated with the immune tolerogenic functions in decDCs. Ingestion of probiotic-containing yogurt during NS efficiently suppressed Bmal1 and HDAC11 levels as well as up regulated the immune regulatory functions in decDCs. In conclusion, NS has a negative impact on decDC immune tolerogenic functions, which can be prevented by ingesting probiotics-containing yogurt during NS.

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PMID: 

Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jan 13 ;21(2). Epub 2020 Jan 13. PMID: 31941000

Abstract Title: 

Quercetin in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies.

Abstract: 

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. It involves progressive impairment of cognitive function. A growing number of neuroprotective compounds have been identified with potential anti-AD properties through in vitro and in vivo models of AD. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid contained in a wide range of plant species, is repeatedly reported to exert neuroprotective effects in experimental animal AD models. However, a systematic analysis of methodological rigor and the comparison between different studies is still lacking. A systematic review uses a methodical approach to minimize the bias in each independent study, providing a less biased, comprehensive understanding of research findings and an objective judgement of the strength of evidence and the reliability of conclusions. In this review, we identified 14 studies describing the therapeutic efficacy of quercetin on animal AD models by electronic and manual retrieval. Some of the results of the studies included were meta-analyzed by forest plot, and the methodological quality of each preclinical trial was assessed with SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. Our results demonstrated the consistent neuroprotective effects of quercetin on different AD models, and the pharmacological mechanisms of quercetin on AD models are summarized. This information eliminated the bias of each individual study, providing guidance for future tests and supporting evidence for further implementation of quercetin into clinical trials. However, the limitations of some studies, such as the absence of sample size calculations and low method quality, should also be noted.

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PMID: 

Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2019 ;12(9):3440-3446. Epub 2019 Sep 1. PMID: 31934188

Abstract Title: 

Hawthorne leaf flavonoids prevent oxidative stress injury of renal tissues in rats with diabetic kidney disease by regulating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Abstract: 

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the primary microvascular complication of diabetes. The incidence rate of DKD has increased worldwide, and DKD has become one of the most important causes of end-stage renal disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of hawthorn leaf flavonoids (HLF) on oxidative stress injury of renal tissue in DKD rats, and elucidate their mechanism(s) of action.A total of 35 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group (CON group) and model group. Rats in the model group were fed a diet containing high sugar and fat and were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) into the abdominal cavity to induce diabetes. Diabetic rats that showed>50% increase in 24 h urine volume and>30 mg of 24 h urine protein excretion were selected as DKD model rats. After DKD models were successfully established, model rats were randomly divided into the diabetic kidney disease group (DKD group), irbesartan group (IRB group), and hawthorn leaf flavonoids group (HLF group). All rats were sacrificed at 12 weeks after DKD models were established. Body weight and 24 h urinary protein levels were measured at 4 w, 8 w, and 12 w, respectively. Blood was collected to measure the levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase. Pathologic changes in renal tissue were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining. Protein expression of p38MAPK and p-p38MAPK was determined by immunohistochemistry.Our data showed that HLFs improved the general condition and body weight, and reduced the levels of urinary protein in model rats. Rats in the DKD group had more serious pathological damage in the kidney when compared to rats in the HLFs group. In addition, rats in the HLF group had significantly lower levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride, and malondialdehyde, and significantly higher levels of nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase than rats in the DKD group. Furthermore, p38MAPK and p-p38MAPK protein levels were significantly higher in rats in the DKD group compared to rats in the HLF group.HLFs have a protective effect against DKD in rats. The underlying mechanism may involve the reduction of oxidative stress by inactivation of the p38MAPK signaling pathway in renal tissues.

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PMID: 

Nutr Rev. 2020 Jan 6. Epub 2020 Jan 6. PMID: 31940027

Abstract Title: 

Effect of quercetin supplementation on plasma lipid profiles, blood pressure, and glucose levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract: 

CONTEXT: Clinical trials examining the cardiovascular protective effects of quercetin in humans have reported conflicting results.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence of the effects of quercetin supplementation on plasma lipid profiles, blood pressure (BP), and glucose levels in humans by performing a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched electronically from their inception to July 2018 to identify randomized controlled trials that assessed the impact of quercetin on lipid profiles, BP, and glucose levels.STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of quercetin or a standardized quercetin-enriched extract on plasma lipid profiles, BP, and glucose levels in humans were eligible for inclusion.DATA EXTRACTION: A random-effects model was used for data analysis. Continuous variables were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95%CIs. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore possible influences of study characteristics. Sensitivity analyses were also performed, as were analyses of publication bias.RESULTS: Seventeen trials (n = 896 participants total) were included in the overall analysis. Pooled results showed that quercetin significantly lowered both systolic BP (WMD, -3.09 mmHg; 95%CI, -4.59 to -1.59; P = 0.0001) and diastolic BP (WMD, -2.86 mmHg; 95%CI, -5.09 to -0.63; P = 0.01). Neither lipid profiles nor glucose concentrations changed significantly. In subgroup analyses, significant changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were observed in trials with a parallel design and in which participants consumed quercetin for 8 weeks or more.CONCLUSION: Quercetin intake resulted in significantly decreased BP in humans. Moreover, participants who consumed quercetin for 8 weeks or more showed significantly changed levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides in trials with a parallel design.

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