Ginger water reduces body weight gain and improves energy expenditure.

PMID: 

Foods. 2020 Jan 2 ;9(1). Epub 2020 Jan 2. PMID: 31906567

Abstract Title: 

Ginger Water Reduces Body Weight Gain and Improves Energy Expenditure in Rats.

Abstract: 

Obesity is a serious global problem that causes predisposition to numerous serious diseases. The current study aims to investigate the effect of ginger water on body weight and energy expenditure through modulation of mRNA expression of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. A white colored liquid obtained during freeze-drying of fresh rhizomes ofwas collected and named ginger water. It was used to treat rats, then blood and tissue samples were collected from the liver and white adipose at the end of the experiment. The serum was prepared and used for biochemical assays, while tissue samples were used for RNA isolation and gene expression analysis via Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of ginger water revealed the presence of chrysin and galangin at concentrations of 0.24µg/mL and 0.53 µg/mL, respectively. Average body weight gain decreased significantly in groups that received ginger water. In addition, both total cholesterol and serum triacylglycerol were reduced in the groups that received ginger water. Furthermore, mRNA expression of Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1c) in the liver and leptin in adipose tissues were downregulated, while those of adiponectin, hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase1 (CPT-1), acyl-coA oxidase (ACO), Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2), and pyruvate kinase (PK) were upregulated in ginger water-treated groups. These results clearly revealed the lowering body weight gain effect of ginger water, which most likely occurs at the transcriptional level of energy metabolizing proteins.

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Anti-biofilm activity of garlic extract loaded nanoparticles.

PMID: 

Nanomedicine. 2019 08 ;20:102009. Epub 2019 May 11. PMID: 31085344

Abstract Title: 

Anti-biofilm activity of garlic extract loaded nanoparticles.

Abstract: 

The emergence and widespread distribution of multi-drug resistant bacteria are considered as a major public health concern. The inabilities to curb severe infections due to antibiotic resistance have increased healthcare costs as well as patient morbidity and mortality. Bacterial biofilms formed by drug-resistant bacteria add additional challenges to treatment. This study describes a solgel based nanoparticle system loaded with garlic extract (GE-np) that exhibits: i) slow and sustained release of garlic components; ii) stabilization of the active components; and iii) significant enhancement of antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity relative to the free garlic extract. Also, GE-np were efficient in penetrating and disrupting the well-established methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms. Overall, the study suggests that GE-np might be a promising candidate for the treatment of chronic infections due to biofilm forming drug-resistant bacteria.

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The potential curative and preventive effects of garlic on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in orchiectomized rats.

PMID: 

Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2019 ;60(1):145-158. PMID: 31263839

Abstract Title: 

The potential curative and preventive effects of garlic on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in orchiectomized rats.

Abstract: 

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common aging disease in men. Garlic is known to have anti-proliferative effects. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the curative and preventive effects of garlic on BPH in rats. Rats were divided into five groups: control group, orchiectomized group (where rats were subjected to bilateral orchiectomies operation), BPH group [BPH was induced by intramuscular injection of testosterone (TE) enanthate once weekly for five weeks after orchiectomy], curative group (where rats were injected with TE for five weeks followed by daily administration of garlic powder for other five weeks), and preventive group (where rats were given garlic powder simultaneously with TE injections for five weeks). Serum levels of TE and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were measured, and prostate weighed and processed for light microscopic, immunohistochemical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination. Serum levels of TE and PSA, and prostate weight (PW) were significantly increased in BPH group and significantly decreased in curative and preventive ones. Histologically and morphometrically, BPH group showed epithelial hyperplasia, stromal expansion and reduced acinar lumens that were significantly improved in both curative and preventive groups. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was increased while caspase-3 expression was decreased in BPH group. These results were reversed in both curative and preventive groups. TEM showed nuclear irregularities, dilated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisterns, and lost cell boundaries, secretory vesicles and apical microvilli. Most of the previous changes were minimized in preventive group more than in curative one.

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Can CBD Help Inflammation?

WHAT IS INFLAMMATION

Inflammation is a natural healing response within the human body.  It is the body’s immune system’s response to an irritant, such as germs, external injuries like scrapes, bites or burns.  It can affect just about every part of the body including the skin, joints, muscles, nerves, airway, digestive tract and brain.  The most common symptoms of inflammation include redness, heat, swelling, pain or loss of function.

Sometimes, due to our lifestyle or environment, inflammation can go from being a brief, acute response to a chronic disruption.  When this happens, long-term diseases start to settle in, causing discomfort and reducing quality of life.

Many medicines and other remedies exists to treat this wide range of inflammatory issues. Unfortunately, most of them can cause adverse side effects.  As an alternative, many people are turning to CBD for relief. But does it really deliver on the promise to safely reduce inflammation?

ABOUT CBD OIL

CBD (Cannabidiol) is a naturally occurring compound found in the cannabis plant.  It comes from two sources.  Hemp derived CBD comes from industrial hemp plants and medical marijuana CBD comes from medical marijuana plants.  Industrial hemp plants are high in CBD and cannot contain more than .3% THC.  Medical marijuana products usually have a higher THC to CBD ratio and are only available in states where medical marijuana is legal.

CBD is one of more than 100 phytocannabinoids found in the cannabis plant.  It is considered to be safe and non-addicting.  CBD is closely related to another phytocannabinoid found in the cannabis plant – THC (delta -9 tetrahydrocannabinol).  The “high” that is commonly associated with cannabis comes from THC.  Both THC and CBD have significant therapeutic properties.  But, unlike THC, CBD does not cause intoxicating effects.  There is evidence that CBD can actually lessen the effects of THC.  This is great for the people that want the health benefits of cannabis without the intoxicating high from THC.

CBD interacts with part of the body’s regulatory system called the Endocannabinoid System (ECS).  The ECS plays a vital role in regulating many physiological processes that affect our everyday experiences, such as mood, energy, digestion, the immune system, blood pressure, metabolism, pain, stress, hunger and so much more.  In other words, the ECS keeps our body in a state of homeostasis – or natural balance.

The ECS uses natural compounds in the body called endogenous cannabinoids.  These cannabinoids bind to two primary receptors called CB1 and CB2, mostly found in the brain and nervous system, but are also spread out in other vital organs and tissues.  When the CB1 and CB2 receptors are activated, they produce a modulating (or moderation) effect.

When the ECS is not functioning properly, the body is out of balance.  Other systems in the body do not function properly and become stressed out or overused.  This is when sickness and disease start to creep into our lives.

WHY PEOPLE ARE TRYING CBD FOR INFLAMMATION

Due to new research that shows negative side effects for long term use of common medications that have been used to treat inflammation, many people are starting to look for alternative treatment options.

Currently, there is extensive scientific research being done, with mounting evidence from patients and physicians, that confirm CBD’s potential treatment of some of the following common health concerns:

  • Autoimmune diseases (inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis)
  • Neurological conditions (Alzheimer’s, dementia, Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, Huntington’s chorea, stroke, traumatic brain injury)
  • Metabolic syndrome (diabetes, obesity)
  • Neuropsychiatric illness (autism, anxiety, PTSD, alcoholism)
  • Gut disorders (colitis, Crohn’s)
  • Cardiovascular dysfunction (atherosclerosis, arrhythmia)
  • Skin disease (acne, dermatitis, psoriasis)

HOW CBD CAN HELP PEOPLE WITH INFLAMMATION

There is still much to be learned about the therapeutic effects of CBD.  But, there is enough evidence to show that CBD does have beneficial properties that can help improve inflammation.

Many of our customers have reported that they get better sleep at night, have more energy, feel more focused, less pain, less anxious or stressed.  If you are curious or have considered trying CBD, we have a product that is right for you.  We ask that you take it for at least a month and then see if you are beginning to see some of the same benefits that our other customers are seeing.

These results highlight the potential amelioration of inflammatory bowel disease on mice model colitis through artichoke pectin administration.

PMID: 

Food Funct. 2019 Dec 11 ;10(12):7793-7805. PMID: 31781703

Abstract Title: 

Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of artichoke pectin and modified pectin fractions in the dextran sulfate sodium model of mice colitis. Artificial neural network modelling of inflammatory markers.

Abstract: 

Anti-inflammatory properties of artichoke pectin and modified fractions (arabinose- and galactose-free) used at two doses (40 and 80 mg kg-1) in mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium have been investigated. Expression of pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α and ICAM-I decreased in groups of mice treated with original and arabinose-free artichoke pectin while IL-1β and IL-6 liberation was reduced only in mice groups treated with original artichoke pectin. A decrease in iNOS and TLR-4 expression was observed for most treatments. Intestinal barrier gene expression was also determined. MUC-1 and Occludin increased in groups treated with original artichoke pectin while MUC-3 expression also increased in arabinose-free pectin treatment. Galactose elimination led to a loss of pectin bioactivity. Characteristic expression profiles were established for each treatment through artificial neural networks showing high accuracy rates (≥90%). These results highlight the potential amelioration of inflammatory bowel disease on mice model colitis through artichoke pectin administration.

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Habitual consumption of garlic was associated with a lower all-cause mortality risk.

PMID: 

Nutrients. 2019 Jun 30 ;11(7). Epub 2019 Jun 30. PMID: 31262080

Abstract Title: 

Garlic Consumption and All-Cause Mortality among Chinese Oldest-Old Individuals: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Abstract: 

In vitro and in vivo experimental studies have shown garlic has protective effects on the aging process; however, there is no evidence that garlic consumption is associated with all-cause mortality among oldest-old individuals (≥80 years). From 1998 to 2011, 27,437 oldest-old participants (mean age: 92.9 years) were recruited from 23 provinces in China. The frequencies of garlic consumption at baseline and at age 60 were collected. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential covariates were constructed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) relating garlic consumption to all-cause mortality. Among 92,505 person-years of follow-up from baseline to September 1, 2014, 22,321 participants died. Participants who often (≥5 times/week) or occasionally (1-4 times/week) consumed garlic survived longer than those who rarely (less than once/week) consumed it (

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Aged garlic extract ameliorates fatty liver and insulin resistance and improves the gut microbiota profile.

PMID: 

Exp Ther Med. 2019 Jul ;18(1):857-866. Epub 2019 Jun 3. PMID: 31281460

Abstract Title: 

Aged garlic extract ameliorates fatty liver and insulin resistance and improves the gut microbiota profile in a mouse model of insulin resistance.

Abstract: 

Aged garlic extract (AGE) produced by the aging process has various beneficial pharmacological effects. In this study, the effects of AGE on fatty liver, insulin resistance and intestinal microbiota were compared between ddY-H mice, an insulin resistance mouse, and ddY-L mice, normal mice. Mice were fed an AGE-supplemented diet (4% w/w) for 7 weeks. The administration of AGE had no effect on the body weight and dietary intake of both types of mice. In the ddY-H mice, the serum levels of glucose and insulin were increased and glucose tolerance was impaired; however, the administration of AGE ameliorated these abnormal conditions. AGE did not have these effects in ddY-L mice. Triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the liver and fat absorption from the digestive tract were increased in the ddY-H mice; however, the administration of AGE reduced this increase. On the other hand, AGE exerted no such effects in the ddY-L mice. In addition, the gut microbiota has been shown to be closely associated with obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in human and animal models. The bacterial composition of the gut microbiota in the feces of the ddY-H mice did not differ from that of the ddY-L mice at 5 weeks of age; however, it was altered in the mice at 9 and 12 weeks of age even when the mice were fed a standard diet. In the ddY-H mice, the relative presence ofwas increased, while that ofandwas decreased. The alteration of the bacterial composition in the ddY-H mice was reversed by the administration of AGE; however, this effect of AGE was not observed in the ddY-L mice. On the whole, the findings of this study indicate that AGE improves abnormal fat accumulation and insulin resistance, and also alters the intestinal flora in ddY-H mice, suggesting the possibility that these effects of AGE may be related.

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These results indicate the potential application of Allium genus to gastric cancer chemoprevention and treatment support.

PMID: 

Food Nutr Res. 2019 ;63. Epub 2019 Jun 25. PMID: 31297043

Abstract Title: 

Ethanol extracts ofsp. regulate cyclooxygenase-2 and E-cadherin expression in gastric cancer MKN74 cell line and enhance doxorubicin toxicity.

Abstract: 

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Its aetiology is multifactorial, but the major risk factor is a high in salt diet. During gastric carcinogenesis, cadherin-1 (CDH1) down-expression and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) overexpression may be observed. The intensity of these alterations contributes to the GC invasion, its metastases and poor prognosis. As the diet plays a significant role in the aetiology of GC, it is reasonable to include the nutritional chemoprevention agents. One of the plant genus demonstrating chemoprotective properties isgenus, which includes garlic. The relationship between CDH1 and COX2 in GC cells treated withspecies extract has never been evaluated.Methods: In this study, the MKN28 and MKN74 GC cell lines were treated with ethanol extracts ofL.,Lam.,L. (from Malaysia and Poland),Rendle andL. The cytotoxicity of the extracts and their influence on COX2 and CDH1 mRNA and protein expression were evaluated as well as their influence on doxorubicin's (DOX) efficacy – a drug that has been used in GC treatment.Results: Among the tested species, ethanol extracts ofL. (Poland and Malaysia),Rendle andL. influenced the levels of CDH1 and COX2, but only in the MKN74 cell line. Thus, it is possible that tumours with increased COX2 expression will be more susceptible to garlic treatment. Observed phenomenon was independent ofextract's toxicity. In comparison to DOX, tested extracts were more toxic. Moreover,revealed synergistic effect with the drug.Conclusion: In conclusion, the results indicate the potential application ofgenus to GC chemoprevention and treatment support through CDH restoration and COX2 downregulation. This issue needs further investigations as it might be used in clinics.

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