PMID: 

Sci Rep. 2018 08 17 ;8(1):12382. Epub 2018 Aug 17. PMID: 30120283

Abstract Title: 

Acute Physical Activity Enhances Executive Functions in Children with ADHD.

Abstract: 

Acute physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity has been shown to improve cognitive functions in children. However, the empirical evidence associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children is still limited, in particular regarding which specific cognitive functions benefit. This study investigated the effects of an acute bout of physical activity on multiple aspects of executive functions (inhibition, switching, and visual working memory) in children with ADHD. Forty-six children (8-12 years old; 82.6% boys) were randomly assigned to either 15 minutes of acute exergaming (physical activity of moderate intensity) or to a control condition (sedentary). Executive function performance in inhibition, switching and visual working memory were assessed before and after each condition, using a modified version of both the Flanker and the ColorSpan Backwards Task. The results revealed that participants in the exergaming group performed significantly faster than those in the control group in terms of both inhibition and switching, but there was no significant difference in the accuracy of the two tasks nor in visual working memory performance. These findings suggest that acute physical activity utilizing exergaming has the potential to improve specific aspects of executive functions (reaction times in inhibition and switching) in children with ADHD.

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PMID: 

Nutrients. 2020 May 1 ;12(5). Epub 2020 May 1. PMID: 32369998

Abstract Title: 

Influence of Hesperidin on Systemic Immunity of Rats Following an Intensive Training and Exhausting Exercise.

Abstract: 

Intensive training and exhausting exercise can disrupt innate and acquired immunity. The flavanone hesperidin has shown immunomodulatory properties in physiological and some pathological conditions, and positive effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether it also prevents exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of oral hesperidin supplementation on the systemic immune system in rats following an intensive training and exhausting exercise. For this purpose, female Wistar rats were randomized into an intensive training group or a sedentary group. Intensive training was induced by running in a treadmill 5 days per week (including two exhausting tests) for five weeks. Throughout the training period, 200 mg/kg of hesperidin or vehicle was administered by oral gavage three times per week. At the end, blood, thymus, spleen and macrophages were collected before, immediately after and 24 h after an additional final exhaustion test. Hesperidin supplementation enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxicity and the proportion of phagocytic monocytes, attenuated the secretion of cytokines by stimulated macrophages, prevented the leukocytosis induced by exhaustion and increased the proportion of T helper cells in the thymus, blood and spleen. These results suggest that hesperidin can prevent exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations.

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PMID: 

J Health Psychol. 2020 May 6:1359105320925149. Epub 2020 May 6. PMID: 32375564

Abstract Title: 

Human needs in COVID-19 isolation.

Abstract: 

To reduce the spread of COVID-19, the World Health Organization and the majority of governments have recommended that the entire human population should 'stay-at-home'. A significant proportion of the population live alone or are vulnerable to mental health problems yet, in the vast majority of cases, individuals in social isolation have no access to mental healthcare. The only resource is people themselves using self-help, self-medication and self-care. During prolonged COVID-19 isolation, an in-built system of homeostasis can help rebalance activity, thought and feeling. Increased physical activity enables a reset of physical and mental well-being. During periods of lockdown, it is recommended that exercise should be as vigorously promoted as social distancing itself.

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PMID: 

Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020 May 6. Epub 2020 May 6. PMID: 32374894

Abstract Title: 

(Indoor) isolation, stress and physical inactivity: vicious circles accelerated by Covid-19?

Abstract: 

The Covid-19 epidemic necessitates the application of strict isolation strategies to curb virus spreading. Isolation of individuals in combination with fear of contagion, quarantine and stigma, as well as with potential (mis)information overload ("infodemic"), however, causes chronic stress and is associated with a burden on mental health, posing risk factors for anxiety and depression. It is well understood that chronic stress is a major modulator of immunityand thus directly influences probability of infection.

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PMID: 

Front Psychol. 2018 ;9:2747. Epub 2019 Jan 9. PMID: 30687193

Abstract Title: 

Attention Improves During Physical Exercise in Individuals With ADHD.

Abstract: 

The present study examined the effects of physical exercise on attentional processes in individuals diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), compared to healthy controls. Unlike previous studies typically comparing performance on baseline measures with post-exercise performance, this study examined the effects of physical exercise on attention while participants were engaged in a continuous performance task. Fourteen individuals diagnosed with ADHD (71% females, mean age = 24.8) and 17 controls (76% females, mean age = 22.6) completed the Conners Continuous Auditory Test of Attention (CATA). All participants completed the test twice, at baseline in a sitting position and while walking on the treadmill at a speed of 5 km/h. The order of administration was counterbalanced for each group. A 2× 2 ANOVA with repeated measures detected a group by activity interaction on several measures of the CATA. Specifically, compared to baseline, the ADHD group demonstrated faster reaction times during physical exercise (25.4 ms faster) and decreased omission errors (1.5% better), whereas controls showed the opposite pattern (15.9 ms slower and 0.88% worse, respectively). Importantly, the ADHD group's overall relatively lower performance on these measures was only evident in the resting condition, attaining scores similar to controls during exercise. These results suggest a possibly hypoactiveattentional system in ADHD that could potentially be enhanced by arousal through engagement in physical exercise.

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PMID: 

Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2020 ;7:1. Epub 2020 Jan 6. PMID: 31921425

Abstract Title: 

Physical exercise in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – evidence and implications for the treatment of borderline personality disorder.

Abstract: 

A growing body of literature indicates a potential role for physical exercise in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Suggested effects include the reduction of ADHD core symptoms as well as improvements in executive functions. In the current review, we provide a short overview on the neurophysiological mechanisms assumed to underlie the beneficial effects of exercise. Further, we review the current evidence from experimental studies regarding both acute exercise and long-term interventions in ADHD. While the positive effects observed after acute aerobic exercise are promising, very few well-designed long-term intervention studies have been conducted yet. Moreover, although exercise effects have not yet been studied in borderline personality disorder (BPD), in the end of this paper we derive hypotheses why exercise could also be beneficial for this patient population.

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PMID: 

Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Nov ;98(46):e17980. PMID: 31725664

Abstract Title: 

Impact of physical exercise on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders: Evidence through a meta-analysis.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) which is characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, is considered as the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. Physical exercise has shown to have several benefits in the improvement of children with ADHD. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to systematically show, with evidence, the impact of physical exercise on children with ADHD.METHODS: Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central and https://ift.tt/1xHjpsE were the searched sources for studies which were based on the impact of physical exercise on children with ADHD. Relevant endpoints were assessed. This evidence based meta-analysis was carried out by the most relevant RevMan 5.3 software. Due to the involvement of continuous data (mean and standard deviation), weight mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to represent the final analysis. A significant level of P≤ .05 was set and a fixed statistical effect model was used throughout the analysis.RESULTS: Fourteen studies with a total number of 574 participants with ADHD were included in this evidenced based meta-analysis. Two hundred and seventy six (276) participants were assigned to the physical activity group whereas 298 participants were assigned to the control group. Results of this analysis showed that anxiety and depression were significantly improved with physical activity in these children with ADHD (WMD: -1.84; 95% CI: [-2.65 – (-1.03)], P = .00001). Hyperactive/impulsive symptoms (WMD: -0.01; 95% CI: [-0.32 – 0.29], P = .93) and inattention symptoms (WMD: -0.22; 95% CI: [-0.51 – 0.08], P = .15) were also improved with physical exercise but the results were not statistically significant. This evidence based analysis showed thought problems (WMD: -3.49; 95% CI: [-5.51 – (-1.47)], P = .0007), social problems (WMD: -5.08; 95% CI: [-7.34 – (-2.82)], P = .0001), and aggressive behaviors (WMD: -3.90; 95% CI: [-7.10 – (-0.70)], P = .02) to have significantly been improved in participants with ADHD who were assigned to physical activity group.CONCLUSIONS: This current meta-analysis showed with evidence, that physical exercise has a major contribution owing to significant improvement in anxiety and depression, aggressive behaviors, thought and social problems among children suffering from ADHD. Therefore, physical exercise should be incorporated in the daily life of children with ADHD. Further future research should be able to confirm this hypothesis.

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PMID: 

Psicothema. 2020 Feb ;32(1):67-74. PMID: 31954418

Abstract Title: 

A systematic review of acute exercise as a coadjuvant treatment of ADHD in young people.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: There are studies that show preliminary evidence of the benefits of physical exercise for people with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The objective of the research being reported here was to carry out a systematic review of articles relating to the effects that exercise sessions have on children and adolescents with this pathology.METHOD: The total sample of studies considered was 1,723, of which only 11 met the eligibility criteria.RESULTS: The research included in this review showed that children with ADHD undertaking exercise experienced improvements in their characteristic symptoms, mainly attention deficit and hyperactivity, in comparison to other sedentary tasks such as watching a video. Five minutes of jumping or thirty minutes on a treadmill or static bicycle were enough to produce appreciable improvements in inhibitory control or in cognitive and executive functions. Benefits following exercise were also seen in other aspects such as reaction times and preparation for response, motor skills or brain activity.CONCLUSION: The findings make us optimistic that in the future physical exercise may become an alternative, or at least an effective complement, to the pharmacological treatments currently used for this pathology.

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PMID: 

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2020 May 5. Epub 2020 May 5. PMID: 32372272

Abstract Title: 

Physical activity, sleep and neuropsychiatric symptom severity in children with tourette syndrome.

Abstract: 

The purpose of this study was to examine associations between physical activity, sleep and symptom severity in children with tic disorders. Children with tic disorders wore the GeneActiv device, a wrist-worn accelerometer that measures physical activity intensity and sleep/wake parameters continuously for seven days, and completed questionnaires on sleep quality, exercise and severity of tics, ADHD, obsessive-compulsive behaviours, anxiety and depression. 110 children participated in the study. Children with more severe tics had significantly more frequent comorbid diagnoses, greater impairment in subjective sleep measures, greater sedentary activity time and less light, moderate and vigorous activity time (all p 

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PMID: 

J Ginseng Res. 2020 Jan ;44(1):8-13. Epub 2019 Jan 7. PMID: 32095092

Abstract Title: 

Medicinal potential ofand its ginsenosides in atopic dermatitis treatment.

Abstract: 

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disease that affects 1%-20% of people worldwide. Despite affecting many people, AD current treatments, such as corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, have not only harmful secondary effects but are also often ineffective. Therefore, natural nontoxic compounds are on high demand for developing new effective AD treatments.Meyer has been used traditionally for its promising healing and restorative properties to treat many diseases including skin disorders, reason why in this review we want to explore the research performed with AD andas well as determining its potential for new drug development. Previous researches have shown thathas positive effects in AD patients such as lower eczema area and severity index, transepidermal water loss, and immunoglobulin E levels and better quality of sleep.animal models, as well, have shown positive results toand derived ginsenosides, such as the decrease of transepidermal water loss, immunoglobulin E levels in serum, allergy-related cytokines, and downregulation of NF-κB, MAPK, and Ikaros pathways. All of these previous data suggest thatand its derived ginsenosides are undoubtedly a nontoxic effective option to treat AD.

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