PMID: 

Life Sci. 2020 Apr 22:117703. Epub 2020 Apr 22. PMID: 32334010

Abstract Title: 

Vitamin Dattenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment in rats by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress.

Abstract: 

AIMS: Vitamin D is a well-known endocrine regulator of calcium/phosphate homeostasis and has been reported as having a wide range of activities that are potentially beneficial for human health. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pretreatment of vitamin D(100, 1000, and 10,000 IU/kg) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment in rats.MAIN METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. The passive avoidance test and Morris water maze (MWM) test were conducted to evaluate the learning and memory function. Oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total thiol content as well as interleukin (IL)-6 were evaluated in the hippocampus tissue.KEY FINDINGS: The intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of LPS (1 mg/kg) correlates with deficits in passive avoidance and spatial learning in the systemic inflammation model. However, pretreatment with vitamin Dimproved LPS-induced cognitive impairment. In addition, vitamin Ddecreased IL-6 and MDA levels, whereas the activities of CAT, SOD, and total thiol content in the hippocampus tissue were significantly increased.SIGNIFICANCE: In conclusion, our results suggest that vitamin Dplays a protective role against memory dysfunction caused by LPS-induced inflammation through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation in the hippocampus. Vitamin D may be a promising potential therapeutic supplement for the treatment or prevention of learning and memory disorders.

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PMID: 

Protein Pept Lett. 2020 04 3. Epub 2020 Apr 3. PMID: 32242775

Abstract Title: 

Bovine lactoferrin can decrease the in vitro biofilm production or shown synergy with antibiotics against Listeria and Escherichia coli isolates.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Bovine lactoferrin (bLf) has been reported as antimicrobial, antiviral, immunomodulatory and anticancer protein. Escherichia coli and Listeria spp. are food-borne bacteria that can produce illness in human being and mammals, the emergent antimicrobial drug resistance has been reported in these pathogens.OBJECTIVE: The aim for this study was to evaluate the bLf effect on in vitro biofilm production and the synergic effect of antibiotics on E. coli and Listeria isolates.METHODS: E. coli and Listeria specimens were isolated from bovine carcasses and slaughterhouses surfaces, respectively. Biofilm formation was analyzed with or without bLf, incubated for 48 h and spectrophotometry, cell viability was analyzed by colony-forming unit (CFU) and the synergistic effect of bLf with ampicillin, oxytetracycline, and streptomycin was evaluated through the fractional concentration index (FCI).RESULTS: Our results show that a low bLf concentration (0.8μM) can diminish the in vitro biofilm production in Listeria isolates; also improves the in vitro oxytetracycline and streptomycin activity against E. coli, and ampicillin activity against Listeria isolates.CONCLUSION: bLf can affect the biofilm production in Listeria isolates from slaughterhouses surfaces and shown synergic effect with ampicillin. Also has a synergic effect with oxytetracycline and streptomycin against E. coli isolates from bovine carcasses.

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PMID: 

ACS Infect Dis. 2020 Apr 24. Epub 2020 Apr 24. PMID: 32329605

Abstract Title: 

Lactoferrin: a critical mediator of both host immune response and antimicrobial activity in response to streptococcal infections.

Abstract: 

Streptococcal species are gram positive bacteria responsible for a variety of infections including pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, periodontitis, skin and soft tissue infections, chorioamnionitis, funisitis, and neonatal sepsis. In response to streptococcal infections, the host innate immune system deploys a repertoire of antimicrobial and immune modulating molecules. One important molecule that is produced in response to streptococcal infections is lactoferrin. Lactoferrin has antimicrobial properties including the ability to bind iron with high affinity and sequester this important nutrient from an invading pathogen. Additionally, lactoferrin has the capacity to alter the host inflammatory response and contribute to disease outcome. This review presents the most recent published work that studies the interaction between the host innate immune protein lactoferrin and the invading pathogen, Streptococcus.

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PMID: 

Molecules. 2020 Apr 24 ;25(8). Epub 2020 Apr 24. PMID: 32344579

Abstract Title: 

Viral Hepatitis and Iron Dysregulation: Molecular Pathways and the Role of Lactoferrin.

Abstract: 

The liver is a frontline immune site specifically designed to check and detect potential pathogens from the bloodstream to maintain a general state of immune hyporesponsiveness. One of the main functions of the liver is the regulation of iron homeostasis. The liver detects changes in systemic iron requirements and can regulate its concentration. Pathological states lead to the dysregulation of iron homeostasis which, in turn, can promote infectious and inflammatory processes. In this context, hepatic viruses deviate hepatocytes' iron metabolism in order to better replicate. Indeed, some viruses are able to alter the expression of iron-related proteins or exploit host receptors to enter inside host cells. Lactoferrin (Lf), a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein belonging to the innate immunity, is endowed with potent antiviral activity, mainly related to its ability to block viral entry into host cells by interacting with viral and/or cell surface receptors. Moreover, Lf can act as an iron scavenger by both direct iron-chelation or the modulation of the main iron-related proteins. In this review, the complex interplay between viral hepatitis, iron homeostasis, and inflammation as well as the role of Lf are outlined.

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PMID: 

Biochem Cell Biol. 2020 Apr 29. Epub 2020 Apr 29. PMID: 32348689

Abstract Title: 

Antiviral Effects of Bovine Lactoferrin on Human Norovirus.

Abstract: 

Human noroviruses cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide but lack approved antivirals or vaccines to treat or prevent infections. The recent development of two cell culture systems in human transformed B cells (BJABs) and non-transformed human intestinal enteroids cultures overcomes a main limitation in identifying molecules with anti-norovirus activities. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in the milk of most mammals with broad spectrum antimicrobial activities, including against the related murine norovirus in cell culture. Its ingestion also reduced the incidence of infectious gastroenteritis in Japanese clinical trial participants. Since human noroviruses were the most common cause of gastroenteritis in Japan during the clinical trial period, we sought to determine whether lactoferrin can inhibit human norovirus infection. Our study demonstrates that lactoferrin reduces human norovirus infection in the B cell culture model. The mechanism of antiviral action is likely indirect and may involve induction of innate interferon responses. Therefore, future studies are warranted to test the antiviral efficacy of lactoferrin against human norovirus infection in patients.

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PMID: 

J Bone Miner Metab. 2020 Apr 29. Epub 2020 Apr 29. PMID: 32350616

Abstract Title: 

Oral administration of bovine lactoferrin accelerates the healing of fracture in ovariectomized rats.

Abstract: 

INTRODUCTION: Lactoferrin has recently been reported for its potent bone growth effects. However, the effects of lactoferrin on the healing process of fragility fracture have not yet been studied, so the purpose of this study is to investigate whether oral administration of lactoferrin can promote the fracture healing in an OVX animal model.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three months after bilateral ovariectomy, all rats underwent unilateral tibial osteotomy and were then randomly divided into control group and bovine lactoferrin (bLF) group. At 4 and 8 weeks post-fracture, animals were sacrificed, and the fractured tibiae and serum samples were collected for evaluation.RESULTS: Our results showed that bLF treatment not only accelerated the bone growth at an early stage of OPF healing but also shortened the remolding process of OPF healing. When compared to control group, bLF treatment induced a significant rise in callus BMD (by 35.0% at 4 weeks and by 39.7% at 8 weeks; both p

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PMID: 

Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2020 Apr 29. Epub 2020 Apr 29. PMID: 32351191

Abstract Title: 

Lactoferrin suppresses decreased locomotor activities by improving dopamine and serotonin release in the amygdala of ovariectomized rats.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Decreases in female hormones not only affect bone metabolism and decrease bone mass, but also affect the central nervous system, causing brain disorders such as depression and dementia. Administration of estradiol by hormone replacement therapy can improve dementia, while reduced estradiol in ovariectomized (OVX) model rats can reduce both bone density and locomotor activity. The antidepressant fluvoxamine, which is widely used in clinical practice, can improve this effect on locomotor reduction. Similarly, lactoferrin (LF) can reportedly improve inhibitory locomotion due to stress.OBJECTIVE: In this study, we examined the effect of LF on neurite outgrowth in vitro and in vivo using PC12 cells and rats, respectively.METHODS: We performed an in vivo study in which 8-week-old female OVX rats were administered LF five days a week for 6 weeks from the day after surgery. After administration was completed, spontaneous locomotor activity in the dark period, immobility time in a forced swim test, and release amount of dopamine and serotonin in the brain were measured.RESULTS: LF was found to have a neurite outgrowth function in PC12 cells. Moreover, LF was found to improve OVX-induced decreases in locomotor activity and increases in immobility time in the forced swim test. Furthermore, administration of LF elicited significant recovery of decreased dopamine and serotonin release in the brains of OVX group rats.CONCLUSION: These results strongly suggest that LF improved OVX-induced decreases in momentum during the dark period and, moreover, that release of dopamine and serotonin in the brain was involved in this effect.

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PMID: 

Ir Med J. 2020 Feb 13 ;113(2):23. Epub 2020 Feb 13. PMID: 32338839

Abstract Title: 

Does Vitamin D Deficiency Predispose to Post Stroke Fatigue?

Abstract: 

Aim This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence and associates of vitamin D deficiency amongst stroke survivors with fatigue and the impact of vitamin D supplementation on fatigue symptoms. Methods This was a retrospective observational study in which records of 58 consecutive stroke survivors with fatigue who had their vitamin D levels checked at presentation were reviewed and analysed. Comparison between groups was assessed using Pearson Chi Square and Fishers Exact tests. Results A total of 58 survivors (mean age 75.8, range 37-94 years) were included, the majority of which were females (56.9%), aged over 75 years (65.5%), lived with a partner (72.4%), were ambulant at presentation (53.4%) and had modified rankin scores (MRS) of

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PMID: 

Asian J Androl. 2020 Apr 28. Epub 2020 Apr 28. PMID: 32341213

Abstract Title: 

Serum vitamin D content is associated with semen parameters and serum testosterone levels in men.

Abstract: 

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of serum vitamin D levels on semen quality and testosterone levels. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with 508 male patients, aged 18-60 years, from 2007 to 2017. Seminal parameters and serum sexual hormones were correlated with serum vitamin D concentrations in 260 men selected by strict selection criteria. Patients were divided into normozoospermic group (NZG, n = 124) and a group with seminal abnormalities (SAG, n = 136). Evaluation included complete physical examination, past medical history, habits and lifestyle factors, two complete seminal analysis with sperm functional tests, serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D(25(OH)VD), total and free testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total cholesterol, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and karyotype. The mean concentration of 25(OH)VDwas significantly lower in the SAG (P

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PMID: 

Nutrients. 2020 Apr 25 ;12(5). Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32344842

Abstract Title: 

The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Lipid and Inflammatory Profile of Healthy Adolescent Boys: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Deficiency of vitamin D, an anti-inflammatory micronutrient with some favorable effects on lipid profiles, has been found to be highly prevalent in adolescents. We aimed to investigate the effect of a school-based vitamin D supplementation regimen on the correction of vitamin D deficiency as well as lipid and inflammatory profiles of healthy adolescent boys.METHODS: In this randomized single-blind placebo-controlled trial, seventy-one healthy adolescent boys (age 17 years old) were recruited from one high school in Tehran, Iran, and randomly assigned to two groups. The supplement group received vitamin D pearls at a dose of 50,000 IU monthly for 6 months, this dose is indeed defined by the Ministry of Health in Iran for a potential national school-based vitamin D supplementation program. The other group was given placebo pearls for the same duration. Before and after the treatment, the serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH) D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), retinol, lead (Pb), the lipid profile and the inflammatory biomarkers were measured and compared.RESULTS: Between-groups statistical analysis showed that a dose (50,000 IU/month) vitamin D significantly increased the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D) (

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