PMID: 

J Food Sci Technol. 2020 Feb ;57(2):745-753. Epub 2019 Sep 19. PMID: 32116383

Abstract Title: 

Gastro-protective potentials of: role of vitamin B.

Abstract: 

Gastric ulcer is a chronic health problem world overis known to contain significant amounts of vitamin Bhencewas evaluated for gastroprotective properties against gastric ulcerations.biomass (SB) andextract (SE) were evaluated in swim stress induced gastric ulcers in adult male albino rats. Both SB and SE inhibited 45% and 60% of ulcers formation induced by swim stress respectively. Gastroprotection has been elucidated to be due to inhibition of (a) upregulated H, K-ATPase activity that induced ulcer condition; (b) lipid peroxidation and (c) altered antioxidant enzyme levels. The data highlighted the importance of vitamin Bin protecting the gut against gastric ulcerations and suggested that bothbiomass andextract contain bioavailable B.based product/food can be used as alternatives to gastroprotective agents that are known to cause acidity themselves upon long term use.

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PMID: 

Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Jun 15 ;153:256-263. Epub 2020 Mar 3. PMID: 32142842

Abstract Title: 

Extraction and characterization of phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis and evaluation of its anticancer, antidiabetic and antiinflammatory effect.

Abstract: 

The phycocyanin was purified by Sephadex- G-100 and RP-HPLC and protein content was found to be 52.82% and the high purity fraction was collected and RP-HPLC analysis of fractionated phycocyanin, theα-subunit and β-subunit were detected in 4.9 and 11.1(mAU). The frequency of peak 1456.26 cmhas showed the CHbending vibration and the protein amide II band was detected at 1539.20 cm(CO stretching) and 2358.94 cm. InH NMR analysis, 14 chemical shifts (δ) were observed and signals confirmed namely alkyl halide, alkene, aldehyde proton and carboxylic acid. The in vivo anticancer effect was assessed by MTT assay against HepG-2 cell lines and in vivo antidiabetic effect was carried out through α-amylase and β-glucosidase enzyme inhibition methods.The promising anticancer effect 68% was noticed at the concentration of 500 μg/ml and lower anticancer effect was noticed at the concentration of 100 μg/ml against Hep-G2 cell lines. The α-amylase and β-glucosidase enzyme inhibition of phycocyanin showed dose dependent and maximum inhibitioneffect at 250 μg/ml. Phycocyanin anti-inflammatory effect such as inhibition of albumin denaturation, antiproteinase, hypotonicity-induced haemolysis and anti-lipoxygenase activities have been recorded maximum level at 500 μg/ml. Phycocyanin have complex structure and high molecular weight withmore biomedical applications for drug development.

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PMID: 

Mar Drugs. 2020 Mar 4 ;18(3). Epub 2020 Mar 4. PMID: 32143330

Abstract Title: 

Lipids Alleviate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice Fed a High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet.

Abstract: 

High-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHSD)-induced obesity leads to oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory status. However, little is known about the beneficial effects of total lipids extracted from. Hence, in the present study,lipids were extracted with chloroform/methanol (SLC) or ethanol (SLE) and then their effects on oxidative stress and inflammation in the mice fed a HFHSD were investigated. The results show that the major lipid classes and fatty acid profiles of SLC and SLE were almost similar, but the gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and carotenoid contents in SLE was a little higher than that in SLC. Dietary 4% SLC or SLE for 12 weeks effectively decreased the hepatic lipid hydroperoxide levels as well as increased the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes in the mice fed a HFHSD. In addition, supplementation with SLC and SLE also markedly decreased the levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver and epididymal white adipose tissue of mice fed a HFHSD, and the effects of SLC and SLE were comparable. These findings confirm for the first time that dietarylipids could alleviate HFHSD-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.

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PMID: 

Meat Sci. 2020 Jun ;164:108094. Epub 2020 Feb 25. PMID: 32146297

Abstract Title: 

Effects of spirulina supplementation on lipid metabolism disorder, oxidative stress caused by high-energy dietary in Hu sheep.

Abstract: 

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spirulina supplementation in a high-energy (HE) diet on lipid metabolism, oxidative status and immunity in Hu lambs. The lambs were assigned to two groups receiving either a standard diet (ST) or a HE diet. Each group was divided into three subgroups: no spirulina supplementation (control), 1% spirulina supplementation, or 3% spirulina supplementation. The body fat, serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol and oxidative stress increased in lambs fed the HE diet. However, 3% spirulina supplementation in the HE diet reduced above parameters and enhanced antioxidant capacity, including increased SOD activity and T-AOC content in serum and Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL). Additionally, lambs receiving 3% spirulina supplementation showed an improvement in immunity-related parameters, including increased IgG concentration in serum and red and white blood cell counts. In conclusion, 3% spirulina supplementation in HE diet ameliorated lipid metabolic disorder and oxidative stress caused by a HE diet.

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PMID: 

Open Heart. 2020 ;7(1):e001003. Epub 2020 Mar 8. PMID: 32201580

Abstract Title: 

Effects of spirulina on weight loss and blood lipids: a review.

Abstract: 

Spirulina, a cyanobacteria commonly referred to as a blue-green algae, is one of the oldest lifeforms on Earth. Spirulina grows in both fresh and saltwater sources and is known for its high protein and micronutrient content. This review paper will cover the effects of spirulina on weight loss and blood lipids. The currently literature supports the benefits of spirulina for reducing body fat, waist circumference, body mass index and appetite and shows that spirulina has significant benefits for improving blood lipids.

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PMID: 

Arch Physiol Biochem. 2020 Mar 24:1-9. Epub 2020 Mar 24. PMID: 32207345

Abstract Title: 

Spirulina reduces diet-induced obesity through downregulation of lipogenic genes expression in.

Abstract: 

The present study evaluates the protective effect of spirulina against diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in, an animal model of metabolic syndrome.lives on a low-energy diet, in order to remain healthy. However, under a standard laboratory chow diet (SLCD), this animal exhibits insulin resistance, which occurs as a result of obesity.was maintained on SLCD, in order to evaluate the effect of spirulina on obesity development with a particular focus on glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as the mRNA expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines. After 12 weeks of treatment with spirulina, there was a significant reduction in body weight gain, plasma glucose, insulin and triglyceride levels. There was also a significant reduction in the mRNA expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and inflammation. Spirulina improved insulin sensitivity, glucose and lipid metabolism. These findings highlight the positive effect of spirulina on weight maintenance.

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PMID: 

J Exp Pharmacol. 2020 ;12:75-85. Epub 2020 Mar 19. PMID: 32256126

Abstract Title: 

Therapeutic Effects ofAgainst Adolescent Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Alterations and Morphological Remodeling in the Amygdala of Adult Female Rats.

Abstract: 

Objective: The amygdala structural and functional abnormalities have been implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Given the important role of the amygdala in stress responses and the susceptibility of the females to adolescent stress, the present study investigated the beneficial effects ofmicroalgae (SP) as a neuroprotective supplement against adolescent stress-induced oxidative stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) alterations, molecular and morphological remodeling in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) of adult female rats.Methods: During the adolescent period (PNDs 30-40) rats were subjected to restraint stress (2 h/day for 10 days). Then, the animals were subjected to 15 days treatment (PNDs 41-55) with SP (200 mg/kg/day) followed by biochemical (BDNF and stress oxidative markers), molecular (BDNF and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B [TrkB] mRNA expression), and morphological (dendritic length and spines) assessments in the BLA.Results: The study revealed that adolescent stress decreased BDNF levels and reduced apical dendritic length and branch points of pyramidal neurons in the BLA. In addition, chronic stress significantly increased oxidative stress parameters and decreased BDNF and TrkB mRNA expression in the BLA. Treatment with SP alleviated both biochemical, molecular, and neuroanatomical deficits that induced by adolescent stress.Conclusion: Our findings provide important evidence that SP as a non-pharmacological intervention during adolescent period can protect against chronic stress-induced neuroanatomical biochemical, and molecular deficits in adulthood, and thus, reduce stress-related disorders.

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PMID: 

Nutrients. 2020 Apr 24 ;12(4). Epub 2020 Apr 24. PMID: 32344533

Abstract Title: 

Spirulina Enhances Bone Modeling in Growing Male Rats by Regulating Growth-Related Hormones.

Abstract: 

In recent years, growth hormone deficiency in children has been treated with hormone therapy despite the possible significant side effects. Therefore, it was deemed beneficial to develop functional foods or dietary supplements for safely improving children's growth.is known for its high antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-cancer, and immunity-enhancing properties, as well as its high digestibility and high protein content, but little has been reported about its influence on bone development in children with a normal supply of protein. In this study, we evaluated the effects of spirulina on the bone metabolism and antioxidant profiles of three-week-old growing male rats. The animals were divided into four groups (= 17 per group) and were fed AIN93G diets with 0% (control), 30% (SP30), 50% (SP50), and 70% (SP70) of casein protein replaced by spirulina, respectively, for seven weeks. We observed that spirulina enhanced bone growth and bone strength by stimulating parathyroid hormone and growth hormone activities, as well its increased antioxidant activity. These results indicate that spirulina provides a suitable dietary supplement and alternative protein source with antioxidant benefits for growth improvement in early developmental stages.

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PMID: 

Sci Rep. 2020 Apr 14 ;10(1):6382. Epub 2020 Apr 14. PMID: 32286405

Abstract Title: 

Spirulina platensis prevents oxidative stress and inflammation promoted by strength training in rats: dose-response relation study.

Abstract: 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Spirulina Platensis supplementation on selected blood markers of oxidative stress, muscle damage, inflammation, and performance in trained rats. Rats (250 g – 300 g) were submitted to a strength training program (eight weeks), divided into four groups: control (GT) (trained without supplementation), trained with daily-supplementation of 50 mg/kg (GT50), 150 mg/kg (GT150) and 500 mg/kg (GT500). Training consisted of a jump protocol in PVC-cylinder containing water, with increasing load over experimental weeks. We evaluated the markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde – MDA and antioxidant capacity) and inflammation (C-reactive protein) at the end of the training. Among groups submitted to strength training, concentration of C-reactive protein decreased after 8 weeks of intervention in the trained group and GT500. Strength training enhanced plasma MDA concentration of malondialdehyde with supplementation of S. platensis in GT150 and GT500. In plasma analysis, strength training enhanced the percentage of oxidation inhibition, with spirulina supplementation in rates of 150 and 500 mg/kg. Spirulina supplementation for 8 weeks (in a dose-effect manner) improved antioxidant capacity as well as attenuated exercise-induced increases in ROS and inflammation. As a practical application, the use as high doses did not cause a reduction in positive physiological adaptations to exercise training. Additional studies are necessary to test the application of Spirulina Platensis in other contexts, as collective sports (basketball, football, soccer).

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PMID: 

Int J Mol Med. 2020 Apr 8. Epub 2020 Apr 8. PMID: 32319537

Abstract Title: 

Spirulina protein promotes skin wound repair in a mouse model of full-thickness dermal excisional wound.

Abstract: 

The skin protects body from environmental damage. Skin wounds lead to microbial infection and harmful agent injury. Thus, wound repair is crucial for the recovery of the normal function of skin tissue. The present study investigated the promoting effects of spirulina protein (SPCP) in mice on skin wound repair and also aimed to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that SPCP promoted the skin wound repair in a mouse model of full‑thickness excisional wounds. SPCP induced an increase in the expression level of α‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were enhanced by SPCP treatment in the granulation tissue. In addition, SPCP decreased the level of malondialdehyde(MDA) in the granulation tissue. Western blot analysis revealed that SPCP enhanced the phosphorylation and activation of protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK). Moreover, the expression level of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1) was increased in the SPCP‑treated groups. The phosphorylation level of Smad2 was also increased by treatment of SPCP. Furthermore, SPCP promoted the expression of collagen in the granulation tissue. Taken together, these findings indicate that SPCP exerts a promoting effect on skin wound repair. The Akt, ERK and TGF‑β1 signaling pathways are involved in this process.

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