PMID: 

J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2019 Sep 11 ;30(9):107. Epub 2019 Sep 11. PMID: 31512084

Abstract Title: 

Sciatic nerve regeneration by using collagen type I hydrogel containing naringin.

Abstract: 

In the present study, collagen hydrogel containing naringin was fabricated, characterized and used as the scaffold for peripheral nerve damage treatment. The collagen was dissolved in acetic acid, naringin added to the collagen solution, and cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide powder (EDC; 0.10 mM) to form the hydrogel. The microstructure, swelling behavior, biodegradation, and cyto/hemocompatibility of the fabricated hydrogels were assessed. Finally, the healing efficacy of the prepared collagen hydrogel loaded with naringin on the sciatic nerve crush injury was assessed in the animalmodel. The characterization results showed that the fabricated hydrogels have a porous structure containing interconnected pores with the average pore size of 90 µm. The degradation results demonstrated that about 70% of the primary weight of the naringin loaded hydrogel had been lost after 4 weeks of storage in PBS. The in vitro study showed that the proliferation of Schwann cells on the collagen/naringin hydrogel was higher than the control group (tissue culture plate) at both 48 and 72 h after cell seeding and even significantly higher than pure collagen 72 h after cell seeding (*p 

read more

PMID: 

Pathol Res Pract. 2019 Dec ;215(12):152707. Epub 2019 Oct 23. PMID: 31727500

Abstract Title: 

Naringin inhibits thyroid cancer cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis through repressing PI3K/AKT pathway.

Abstract: 

The present study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effects of naringin in thyroid cancer (TC), and to explore the underlying mechanisms. TC cell lines TPC-1 and SW1736 were treated with 6, 12 or 25 μg/ml naringin for indicated times. Then, cell proliferation was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometer. Moreover, cell proliferation and apoptosis related genes (cyclin D1, c-Myc, survivin, Caspase3, Bcl-2, and Bax) were measured by western blot assay and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) respectively. Cleaved Caspase3 was measured using western blot assay. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway was also analyzed in this study. Results indicated that naringin dose- and time-dependently inhibited TPC-1 and SW1736 cell proliferation, and naringin dose-dependently induced TPC-1 and SW1736 cell apoptosis. In addition, we found that naringin dose-dependently enhanced the expression of Caspase3, cleaved Caspase3 and Bax, and reduced theexpression of cyclin D1, c-Myc, survivin, and Bcl-2 in TPC-1 and SW1736 cells. Moreover, we found that naringin dose-dependently suppressed PI3K/AKT pathway activation in TC cells. In conclusion, the data of this study suggested that naringin presented anti-tumor effects in TC cells through inhibiting TC cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis via regulating the expression of cell proliferation and apoptosis related genes and PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Our study suggested the potential value of naringin in the treatment of TC and provided more theoretical evidence for the treatment ofTC.

read more

PMID: 

Molecules. 2019 Oct 15 ;24(20). Epub 2019 Oct 15. PMID: 31619000

Abstract Title: 

6-Shogaol Inhibits Advanced Glycation End-Products-Induced IL-6 and ICAM-1 Expression by Regulating Oxidative Responses in Human Gingival Fibroblasts.

Abstract: 

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) cause diabetes mellitus (DM) complications and accumulate more highly in periodontal tissues of patients with periodontitis and DM. AGEs aggravate periodontitis with DM by increasing the expression of inflammation-related factors in periodontal tissues. 6-Shogaol, a major compound in ginger, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. However, the influence of shogaol on DM-associated periodontitis is not well known. In this study, the effects of 6-shogaol on AGEs-induced oxidative and anti-oxidative responses, and IL-6 and ICAM-1 expression in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were investigated. When HGFs were cultured with 6-shogaol and AGEs, the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes (heme oxygenase-1 [HO-1] and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 [NQO1]), and IL-6 and ICAM-1 expressions were investigated. RAGE expression and phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κB were examined by western blotting. 6-Shogaol significantly inhibited AGEs-induced ROS activity, and increased HO-1 and NQO1 levels compared with the AGEs-treated cells. The AGEs-stimulated expression levels of receptor of AGE (RAGE), IL-6 and ICAM-1 and the phosphorylation of p38, ERK and p65 were attenuated by 6-shogaol. These results suggested that 6-shogaol inhibits AGEs-induced inflammatory responses by regulating oxidative and anti-oxidative activities and may have protective effects on periodontitis with DM.

read more

PMID: 

J Periodontol. 2019 Nov 1. Epub 2019 Nov 1. PMID: 31675438

Abstract Title: 

6-Shogaol, an active ingredient of ginger, inhibits osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone resorption in ligature-induced periodontitis in mice.

Abstract: 

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the tissues surrounding teeth that causes destruction of connective tissues. During the progress of periodontitis, osteoclasts are solely accountable for the resorption of alveolar bones that leads to the loss of teeth if not properly treated. Thus, the development of effective anti-resorptive therapies will greatly benefit the treatment of periodontitis patients. In the present study, we suggest an inhibitory effect of 6-shogaol, an ingredient of ginger, on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Mouse bone marrow cells were cultured in the presence of macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) to investigate the effect of 6-shogaol on osteoclast differentiation and intracellular signaling pathways. 6-shogaol significantly reduced osteoclast differentiation, actin ring formation, and resorption. In the presence of 6-shogaol, osteoclast signaling including the RANKL-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, Caoscillation, generation of reactive oxygen species, and nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 nuclear translocation was significantly inhibited in vitro. Furthermore, a ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice was used to determine the role of 6-shogaol in vivo. The administration of 6-shogaol prevented osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone resorption induced by ligature. Furthermore, the ligature-induced number of macrophages and neutrophils as well as the expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were considerably lower in the periodontal tissues following shogaol injection. These results confirm the anti-osteoclastogenic effect of 6-shogaol and suggest the possibility of application as an anti-resorptive strategy in periodontitis.

read more

PMID: 

J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Nov 16. Epub 2019 Nov 16. PMID: 31743763

Abstract Title: 

Ginger extract and its compound, 6-shogaol, attenuates painful diabetic neuropathy in mice via reducing TRPV1 and NMDAR2B expressions in the spinal cord.

Abstract: 

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: In silico data revealed that the active compound of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), 6-shogaol, has strong affinity toward transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV-1). TRPV-1 is expressed in nervous tissue and pancreaticβ-cells. Prolonged induction of TRPV-1 is related to the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NMDAR2B). However, there are no data on TRPV-1 and NMDAR2B expressions in nervous tissue after 6-shogaol or ginger extract treatment nor pancreatic islet morphology and insulin expression in mice model of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN).AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of ginger extract and its compound, 6-shogaol, on pancreatic islets as well as on expressions of TRPV-1 and NMDAR2B in the spinal cord of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice model of PDN.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four 5-6 months old male-Balb/C mice were induced with 110 mg/kgBW STZ i.p., while eight mice were used as control group. Mice with blood glucose level≥200 mg/d, that suffered hyperalgesia and allodynia were classified as PDN mice. Hot plate and von Frey filament tests were performed once a week until termination. At day 28 after considered as PDN, ginger extracts, 6-shogaol or gabapentin as control treatment were given once daily for 21 daysuntil day 49, except for the diabetic control group. Upon termination, mice' pancreas were fixed, processed as paraffin sections and stained with hematoxylin eosin. Total volume of pancreatic islets was estimated using Cavalieri methods. Immunohistochemistry on pancreatic sections were performed toobserve insulin expression. mRNA was extracted from lumbar segments of the spinal cord, followed by cDNA preparation and quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) to measure the expressions of TRPV1 and NMDAR2B. The mean differences between groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with p 

read more

PMID: 

Support Care Cancer. 2019 Nov 19. Epub 2019 Nov 19. PMID: 31745695

Abstract Title: 

The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in patients with advanced cancer.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Anorexia-cachexia syndrome (ACS) is a complex condition in advanced cancer patients, defined by disproportionate loss of skeletal muscle mass, and a lack or loss of appetite. This condition greatly lowers the quality of life and limits the treatment options. ACS is commonly associated with gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. Ginger has been successful in treating these symptoms but has not yet been tested on patients with advanced cancer. Electrogastrography is a technology that allows the direct recording of the gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA).PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to (1) determine the effects of ginger on the GMA in these patients, (2) evaluate the subjective symptoms using 3 validated scales, and (3) correlate the level of inflammatory factors and ghrelin in this patient population.METHODS: Patients with ACS and advanced cancer were recruited from the Palliative Rehabilitation outpatient program at Elisabeth Bruyère Hospital. Patients were instructed to take a daily capsule of 1650 mg of ginger for 14 days and outcome measures were recorded at pre- and post-intervention, which included a blood test for analysis of CRP, albumin and ghrelin levels, 3 self-administered surveys (DSSI, PG-SGA, ESAS), patient-reported symptoms, and an EGG diagnosis.RESULTS: Fifteen patients with a median age of 58 and varying cancer diagnoses were enrolled. EGG diagnosis showed that 9 of the 15 patients had a direct improvement in their GMA, and all patients showed improvement in reported symptoms, most notably nausea, dysmotility- and reflux-like symptoms. There was no correlation found for ginger administration and inflammatory factors.CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that ginger may improve GMA as measured by EGG and may have a notable effect on symptom improvement.

read more

PMID: 

J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Nov 13 ;67(45):12441-12451. Epub 2019 Nov 1. PMID: 31674783

Abstract Title: 

Supplementation of Sesamin Alleviates Stress-Induced Behavioral and Psychological Disorders via Reshaping the Gut Microbiota Structure.

Abstract: 

Sesamin, a lignan from sesame seed, has been reported to attenuate chronic mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors. Gut microbiota play pivotal roles in mediating psychological behaviors by regulating gut barrier integrity and systemic inflammatory responses. Here, we found that oral sesamin administration (50 mg/kg·bodyweight/day) significantly attenuated depressive, aversive, repetitive, and anxiety-like behaviors in a long-term multiple nonsocial stress-treated mice model. Sesamin inhibited stress-induced gut barrier integrity damage, reduced circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, and suppressed neuroinflammatory responses. Moreover, sesamin treatment also restructured the gut microbiome by enhancing the relative abundances of Bacteroidales and S24-7. The correlation analysis indicated that the microbiota composition changes were strongly correlated with behavioral disorders, serotonin, norepinephrine, and LPS levels. In conclusion, sesamin has preventive effects on stress-induced behavioral and psychological disorders, which might be highly related to the reshaped microbiota composition. This study provides a clue for understanding the systemic mechanism of anti-depression effects of sesamin.

read more

PMID: 

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2019 Oct-Dec;37(4):365-371. PMID: 31710011

Abstract Title: 

Effect of sesame oil, ozonated sesame oil, and chlorhexidine mouthwash on oral health status of adolescents: A randomized controlled pilot trial.

Abstract: 

Context: Oil pulling procedure involves swishing of oil in the mouth for various oral health benefits.Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sesame oil (SO), ozonated SO (OSO), and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash on the oral health status of adolescents.Study Settings and Design: Parallel multi-arm double-blinded randomized trial was done in a Government higher secondary school.Materials and Methods: A total of 75 adolescents aged 12-14 years with decay-missing-filled index≤3 were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 25): Group I (SO), Group II (OSO), and Group III (CHX mouthwash). Baseline (T1) Debris Index (DI-S), Calculus Index (CI-S), Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), Plaque Index (PI), and salivary Streptococcus mutans count were recorded. All the groupswere subjected to intervention with the respective mouth rinses for 15 days. The index scores and the salivary S. mutans count were reassessed after 15 days (T2) and 1 month (T3), and the results were statistically analyzed.Statistical Analysis: The statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. The statistical significance was set at P≤ 0.05. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test were used to test the normality of the data. The Friedman test and Wilcoxon-signed rank test were carried out for intragroup comparison. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test were employed to analyze inter-group comparison.Results: All the groups showed statistically significant reduction in DI-S, CI-S, OHI-S, PI, and S. mutans count after 15 days.Conclusion: Oil pulling therapy using SO and OSO showed a significant improvement in oral hygiene.

read more

PMID: 

Mol Biol Rep. 2019 Sep 6. Epub 2019 Sep 6. PMID: 31493285

Abstract Title: 

Evaluation of protective efficacy of flaxseed lignan-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside against mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Abstract: 

The toxicity of heavy metals such as mercury (Hg) in humans and animals is well documented. The kidney is the primary deposition site of inorganic-Hg and target organ of its toxicity. The present study investigated the protective efficacy of flaxseed lignan-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) on nephrotoxicity induced by mercuric chloride (HgCl). Rats were intraperitoneally injected with HgCl(2 mg/kg/day) and renal toxicity was induced. Subcutaneous administration of rats with SDG (5 mg/kg/day) as a pre-treatment caused a significant reversal of HgClinduced increase in blood urea, creatinine, glutathione s-transferase and catalase (CAT). On the other hand, administration of SDG with HgClrestored normal levels of albumin and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Histological examination of kidneys confirmed that pre-treatment of SDG before HgCladministration significantly reduced its pathological effects. Thus, the results of the present investigation suggest that SDG can significantly reduce renal damage, serum and tissue biochemical profiles caused by HgClinduced nephrotoxicity. Hence, SDG may be recommended for clinical trials in the treatment of kidney disorders caused by exposure to Hg.

read more

PMID: 

Complement Ther Med. 2019 Oct ;46:36-43. Epub 2019 Jul 19. PMID: 31519285

Abstract Title: 

Effects of flaxseed and flaxseed oil supplement on serum levels of inflammatory markers, metabolic parameters and severity of disease in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the possible effect of grounded flaxseed and flaxseed oil on serum levels of inflammatory markers, metabolic parameters, and the severity of disease in patients with UC.METHODS: In this open-labeled randomized controlled trial, 90 UC patients were randomly assigned to one of the 3 groups for 12 weeks: grounded flaxseed (GF; 30 g/day), flaxseed oil (FO; 10 g/day) and control group. The weight, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon gamma (INF-γ), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)), and fecal calprotectin were measured at the baseline and end of the study.RESULTS: Totally, 75 patients (43 men and 32 women) with a mean age of 31.54 ± 9.84 years participated in the present study. Comparing the change of the variables indicated a significant decrease in fecal calprotectin (P 

read more