PMID: 

Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2001 Jan-Feb;41(1):59-61. PMID: 11253702

Abstract Title: 

[Effect of low-intensity pulse-modulated microwave on human blood aspartate aminotransferase activity].

Abstract: 

Pulse-modulated microwaves (frequency 2375 MHz, intensity: 2 microW/cm2 and 8 microW/cm2, pulse modulation from 50 to 390 Hz with step of 20 Hz; exposure time 5 min) changed the activity of aspartataminotranspherase of the donor blood. Aspartataminotranspherase activity was strongly dependent both on modulation frequency and microwave intensity. Maximum activity was found at 390 Hz and 8 microW/cm2. Maximum observed activity was about six times greater than control level of activity.

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PMID: 

Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2001 Jan-Feb;41(1):62-6. PMID: 11253703

Abstract Title: 

[Effect of low intensity pulse-modulated electromagnetic radiation on activity of alkaline phosphatase in blood serum].

Abstract: 

The change in alkaline phosphotase activity in vitro with frequencies modulation at low intensity of pulse-modulated electromagnetic radiation was experimentally shown (EMR, 2375 MHz, intensity: 0.8, 8.0; 40.0 microW/cm2; range modulation: 30-310 Hz; time of interaction: 1-3 min). Revealed effects could be regarded as an evidence of informative character of interaction of modulated EMR.

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PMID: 

Electromagn Biol Med. 2013 Mar ;32(1):48-58. Epub 2012 Oct 9. PMID: 23046101

Abstract Title: 

Effect of high SARs produced by cell phone like radiofrequency fields on mollusk single neuron.

Abstract: 

During exposure to the cell phone electromagnetic field (EMF), some neurons in the brain at areas of peak specific absorption rate (SAR) absorb more electromagnetic energy than is permitted by existing guidelines. The goal of the present work was to investigate the influence of cell phone-like EMF signal on excitability and memory processes in single neurons. A Transverse Electromagnetic Cell (TEM Cell) was used to expose single neurons of mollusk to the EMF. Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method was used for modeling the TEM Cell and the EMF interactions with living nerve ganglion and neurons. Neuron electrophysiology was investigated using standard microelectrode technique. SAR deposited into the single neuron was calculated to be 8.2 W/kg with a temperature increment of 1.21°C. After acute exposure, the threshold of firing of action potentials (AP) was significantly decreased (p ≈ 0.001). Time of habituation to stimulation with the intracellular current injection was increased (p ≈ 0.003). These results indicate thatacute exposure to EMF at high SARs impairs the ability of neurons to store information.

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PMID: 

Radiat Res. 2008 Sep ;170(3):327-34. PMID: 18763855

Abstract Title: 

Exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation induces caspase 3 activation in proliferating human lymphocytes.

Abstract: 

In this study, the induction of apoptosis after exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (GSM signal) was investigated by assessing caspase 3 activation in exponentially growing Jurkat cells and in quiescent and proliferating human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The exposure was carried out at an average specific absorption rate of 1.35 W/kg in a dual wire patch cell exposure system where the temperature of cell cultures was accurately controlled. After 1 h exposure to the radiofrequency field, a slight but statistically significant increase in caspase 3 activity, measured 6 h after exposure, was observed in Jurkat cells (32.4%) and in proliferating human PBLs (22%). In contrast, no effect was detected in quiescent human PBLs. In the same experimental conditions, apoptosis was also evaluated in Jurkat cells by Western blot analysis and in both cell types by flow cytometry. To evaluate late effects due to caspase 3 activity, flow cytometry was also employed to assess apoptosis and viability 24 h after radiofrequency-radiation exposure in both cell types. Neither the former nor the latter was affected. Since in recent years it has been reported that caspases are also involved in processes other than apoptosis, additional cell cycle studies were carried out on proliferating T cells exposed to radiofrequency radiation; however, we found no differences between sham-exposed and exposed cultures. Further studies are warranted to investigate the biological significance of our findings of a dose-response increase in caspase 3 activity after exposure to radiofrequency radiation.

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PMID: 

Anticancer Drugs. 2008 Apr ;19(4):401-9. PMID: 18454050

Abstract Title: 

Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of paeonol on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Abstract: 

Paeonol, a major phenolic component of Moutan Cortex, is known to have antitumor effects through an unknown mechanism. In this study, we tried to elucidate the anticancer effects of paeonol on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines BEL-7404, SMMC-7721, and MHCC97-H in vitro. Using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, we compared the cytotoxicity of paeonol with the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in these three HCC cell lines. In addition, we examined the combined effect of paeonol and 5-FU over time, and found that the two compounds inhibited the proliferation of all three human HCC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The concentrations that inhibited the proliferation by 50% ranged from 11.39 to 56.23 mg/l for paeonol, and 6.47 to 37.87 mg/l for 5-FU. We determined that exposure to these compounds led to an upregulation of the anti-oncogene PTEN, and the downregulation of the oncogene AKT in the cell lines tested as determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blot. In addition, paeonol induced DNA fragmentation in the HCC cell line BEL-7404. These observations suggest that paeonol has the potential to be explored for use as an effective antitumor agent for HCC.

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PMID: 

Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007 Sep 1 ;465(1):109-18. Epub 2007 May 24. PMID: 17555703

Abstract Title: 

Membrane permeabilization and cell damage by ultrashort electric field shocks.

Abstract: 

Mammalian cells exposed to electric field pulses of nanosecond duration (nsPEF; 60-ns, 12 kV/cm) experienced a profound and long-lasting increase in passive electrical conductance (G(m)) of the cell membrane, probably caused by opening of stable conductance pores (CPs). The CPs were permeable to Cl(-) and alkali metal cations, but not to larger molecules such as propidium iodide (PI). CPs gradually resealed; the process took minutes and could be observed even in dialyzed cells and in ATP- and glucose-free solutions. Cells subjected to long nsPEF trains (up to 200 pulses) underwent severe and immediate necrotic transformation (cell swelling, blebbing, cytoplasm granulation), but remained impermeable to PI for at least 30-60 min after the exposure. Both G(m) increase after short nsPEF trains and necrotic changes after long nsPEF trains were cell type-dependent: they were much weaker in HeLa than in GH3 cells. La(3+) and Gd(3+) ions significantly inhibited the nsPEF-induced G(m) increase (probably by blocking the CPs), and effectively protected intensely exposed cells from developing necrosis. We conclude that plasma membrane permeabilization is the principal cause of necrotic transformation in nsPEF-exposed cells and probably contributes to other known nsPEF bioeffects.

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PMID: 

Bioelectromagnetics. 2000 May ;21(4):245-54. PMID: 10797453

Abstract Title: 

Comparative effects of extremely high power microwave pulses and a brief CW irradiation on pacemaker function in isolated frog heart slices.

Abstract: 

The existence of specific bioeffects due to high peak power microwaves and their potential health hazards are among the most debated but least explored problems in microwave biology. The present study attempted to reveal such effects by comparing the bioeffects of short trains of extremely high power microwave pulses (EHPP, 1 micros width, 250-350 kW/g, 9.2 GHz) with those of relatively low power pulses (LPP, 0.5-10 s width, 3-30 W/g, 9.2 GHz). EHPP train duration and average power were made equal to those of an LPP; therefore both exposure modalities produced the same temperature rise. Bioeffects were studied in isolated, spontaneously beating slices of the frog heart. In most cases, a single EHPP train or LPP immediately decreased the inter-beat interval (IBI). The effect was proportional to microwave heating, fully reversible, and easily reproducible. The magnitude and time course of EHPP- and LPP-induced changes always were the same. No delayed or irreversible effects of irradiation were observed. The same effect could be repeated in a single preparation numerous times with no signs of adaptation, sensitization, lasting functional alteration, or damage. A qualitatively different effect, namely, a temporary arrest of preparation beats, could be observed when microwave heating exceeded physiologically tolerable limits. This effect also did not depend on whether the critical temperature rise was produced by LPP or EHPP exposure. Within the studied limits, we found no indications of EHPP-specific bioeffects. EHPP- and LPP-induced changes in the pacemaker rhythm of isolated frog heart preparation were identical and could be entirely attributed to microwave heating.

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PMID: 

Proteomics. 2006 Sep ;6(17):4769-80. PMID: 16878295

Abstract Title: 

Mobile phone radiation causes changes in gene and protein expression in human endothelial cell lines and the response seems to be genome- and proteome-dependent.

Abstract: 

We have examined in vitro cell response to mobile phone radiation (900 MHz GSM signal) using two variants of human endothelial cell line: EA.hy926 and EA.hy926v1. Gene expression changes were examined in three experiments using cDNA Expression Arrays and protein expression changes were examined in ten experiments using 2-DE and PDQuest software. Obtained results show that gene and protein expression were altered, in both examined cell lines, in response to one hour mobile phone radiation exposure at an average specific absorption rate of 2.8 W/kg. However, the same genes and proteins were differently affected by the exposure in each of the cell lines. This suggests that the cell response to mobile phone radiation might be genome- and proteome-dependent. Therefore, it is likely that different types of cells and from different species might respond differently to mobile phone radiation or might have different sensitivity to this weak stimulus. Our findings might also explain, at least in part, the origin of discrepancies in replication studies between different laboratories.

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PMID: 

Proteomics. 2004 May ;4(5):1359-65. PMID: 15188403

Abstract Title: 

Proteomics analysis of human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 after exposure to GSM 900 radiation.

Abstract: 

The human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 was exposed to mobile phone radiation and the effect on protein expression was examined using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Up to 38 various proteins have statistically significantly altered their expression levels following the irradiation. Four proteins were identified with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Two of the affected proteins were determined to be isoforms of cytoskeletal vimentin. This finding supports our earlier presented working hypothesis which indicated that the mobile phone radiation might affect the cytoskeleton and might have an effect on the physiological functions that are regulated by the cytoskeleton.

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PMID: 

Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2007 Dec ;28(12):1873-80. PMID: 18031599

Abstract Title: 

Effects of GSM 1800 MHz on dendritic development of cultured hippocampal neurons.

Abstract: 

AIM: To evaluate the effects of global system for mobile communications (GSM) 1800 MHz microwaves on dendritic filopodia, dendritic arborization, and spine maturation during development in cultured hippocampal neurons in rats.METHODS: The cultured hippocampal neurons were exposed to GSM 1800 MHz microwaves with 2.4 and 0.8 W/kg, respectively, for 15 min each day from 6 days in vitro (DIV6) to DIV14. The subtle structures of dendrites were displayed by transfection with farnesylated enhanced green fluorescent protein (F-GFP) and GFP-actin on DIV5 into the hippocampal neurons.RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in the density and mobility of dendritic filopodia at DIV8 and in the density of mature spines at DIV14 in the neurons exposed to GSM 1800 MHz microwaves with 2.4 W/kg. In addition, the average length of dendrites per neuron at DIV10 and DIV14 was decreased, while the dendritic arborization was unaltered in these neurons. However, there were no significant changes found in the neurons exposed to the GSM 1800 MHz microwaves with 0.8 W/kg.CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the chronic exposure to 2.4 W/kg GSM 1800 MHz microwaves during the early developmental stage may affect dendritic development and the formation of excitatory synapses of hippocampal neurons in culture.

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