PMID: 

Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019 ;2019:9710352. Epub 2019 Aug 26. PMID: 31534623

Abstract Title: 

Antioxidant and Cardioprotective Effects of EPA on Early Low-Severity Sepsis through UCP3 and SIRT3 Upholding of the Mitochondrial Redox Potential.

Abstract: 

Sepsis still causes death, often through cardiac failure and mitochondrial dysfunction. Dietary3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to protect against cardiac dysfunction and sepsis lethality. This study set out to determine whether early low-severity sepsis alters the cardiac mitochondrial function in animals fed a Western-type diet and whether dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) administration protects the myocardium against the deleterious effects of sepsis and if so to seek possible mechanisms for its effects. Rats were divided into two groups fed either an3 PUFA-deficient diet ("Western diet,"DEF group) or an EPA-enriched diet (EPA group) for 5 weeks. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups: sham-operated rats and rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).cardiac mechanical function was examined, and mitochondria were harvested to determine their functional activity. Oxidative stress was evaluated together with several factors involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolism. Sepsis had little effect on cardiac mechanical function but strongly depressed mitochondrial function in the DEF group. Conversely, dietary EPA greatly protected the mitochondria through a decreased oxidative stress of the mitochondrial matrix. The latter was probably due to an increased uncoupling protein-3 expression, already seen in the sham-operated animals. CLP rats in the EPA group also displayed increased mitochondrial sirtuin-3 protein expression that could reinforce the upholding of oxidative phosphorylation. Dietary EPA preconditioned the heart against septic damage through several modifications that protect mitochondrial integrity. This preconditioning can explain the cardioprotective effect of dietary EPA during sepsis.

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PMID: 

Clin Nutr. 2019 Dec 16. Epub 2019 Dec 16. PMID: 31959476

Abstract Title: 

Are omega-3 fatty acids safe and effective in acute pancreatitis or sepsis? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is marked by a strong pro-inflammatory response, which may cause a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), organ failure, and death. Early administration of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) may reduce the pro-inflammatory response and improve outcome in AP. A systematic review focusing on the safety and efficacy of omega-3 FA in AP is lacking.AIM: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of an intervention with omega-3 FA in acute pancreatitis and additionally in sepsis.METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases including only randomized controlled trials in AP and, for safety endpoints, in sepsis investigating intervention including omega-3 FA without other active components (e.g. addition of glutamine to the intervention). The primary outcome was mortality.RESULTS: After screening 1186 studies, five randomized trials (n = 229) with omega-3 FA in AP were included. In AP patients treated with omega-3 FA within 48 h after hospitalization, a non-significant reduction of mortality was seen (OR 0∙50, 95%CI 0∙13-1∙99, p = 0∙33), compared to controls. In two studies (n = 85), omega-3 FA reduced the risk ofnew onset of organ failure (OR 0∙33, 95%CI 0∙12-0∙93, p = 0∙04). Nine randomized trials with 312 patients suffering from sepsis (not pancreatitis related) demonstrated a reduced mortality (OR 0∙52, 95%CI 0∙28-0∙97, p = 0·04). None of these 14 randomized trials reported safety concerns.CONCLUSIONS: Administration of omega-3 FA could reduce the risk of new-organ failure in patients with AP. There were no safety issues reported of the early administration of omega-3 FA in any of the included studies. To show the real clinical benefit of omega-3 FA in AP, a large and pragmatic randomized controlled trial is needed.

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PMID: 

PeerJ. 2019 ;7:e7219. Epub 2019 Jul 9. PMID: 31333903

Abstract Title: 

Comparison of olive leaf, olive oil, palm oil, and omega-3 oil in acute kidney injury induced by sepsis in rats.

Abstract: 

Background: Hypotension, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and inflammation are all observed in experimental models of sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an ethanolic extract of Brazilian olive leaf (Ex), Brazilian olive oil (Olv), Ex + Olv (ExOlv), and palm oil (Pal) in comparison to the effects of omega-3 fish oil (Omg) in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury.Materials: Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (seven per group), which were either untreated (control) or treated with LPS, LPS + Ex, LPS + ExOlv, LPS + Olv, LPS + Omg, or LPS + Pal.Results: Lower values of creatinine clearance and blood pressure were observed in the LPS-treated group, and these values were not affected by Ex, Olv, ExOlv, Pal, or Omg treatment. Mortality rates were significantly lower in rats exposed to LPS when they were also treated with Ex, ExOlv, Olv, Pal, or Omg. These treatments also decreased oxidative stress and inflammation (Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta) and increased interleukin-10 levels and cell proliferation, which were associated with decreased apoptosis in kidney tissue.Conclusion: Ex and Pal treatments were beneficial in septic rats, since they increased survival rate and did not aggravate inflammation. However, the most effective treatments for septic rats were Olv in comparison to Omg. These natural food substances could enable the development of effective therapeutic interventions to sepsis.

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PMID: 

Nutr Cancer. 2020 Apr 14:1-11. Epub 2020 Apr 14. PMID: 32286090

Abstract Title: 

Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein Inhibit Migration and Invasion via Induction of Autophagy in ER-Positive Breast Cancer Cell Lines (MCF7 and T47D).

Abstract: 

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and oleuropein (OL), the most abundant of the phenolic compounds in olives, have anticancer properties against breast cancer (BC). However, little attention has been paid to the mechanism of HT or OL in BC cells. The objective of this study was to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms of these compounds. ER-positive BC MCF7 and T47D cells were treated with HT and OL in combination with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), rapamycin (Rapa, an agonist of autophagy) or 3-methyladenine (3-MA, an inhibitor of autophagy). Cell viability, metastasis capability and autophagy-related proteins were evaluated by wound healing assays, Transwell assays and Western blot. HT and OL reduced the cell viability of MCF-7 and T47D cells in a dose-dependent manner. Both cells were more sensitive to HT than OL. In addition, Rapa significantly inhibited HGF-induced migration and invasion, indicating that metastases of both BC cells could be inhibited by suppression of autophagy. Moreover, HT and OL significantly blocked HGF- or 3-MA-induced cell migration and invasion by reversing LC3II/LC3I and Beclin-1 downregulation and p62 upregulation. These findings revealed that HT and OL could suppress migration and invasion by activating autophagy in ER-positive BC cells, which might be a promising therapeutic strategy.

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PMID: 

Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 ;8:151. Epub 2020 Mar 3. PMID: 32195234

Abstract Title: 

Antifungal Activity of Olive () Leaf Extracts Loaded in Chitosan Nanoparticles.

Abstract: 

Olive leaf extract is characterized by a high content of phenols and flavonoids (oleuropein, luteolin, and their derivatives). These compounds are defined as secondary metabolites and exert such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. We investigated theantifungal activity of two olive leaf extracts (namedand) against a(AACC0215) strain that causes diseases to many economically important plants and synthesizing diverse mycotoxins. In this work, we aimed to identify the most appropriate concentration between the tested two olive leaf extracts to develop a safe, stable and efficient drug delivery system. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the two olive leaf extracts by (HPLC) were performed. Furthermore, we also evaluated the antifungal effects of the two leaf extracts when encapsulated in chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles. The major compound in bothandwas oleuropein, with 336 and 603 mg/g, respectively, however, high concentrations of flavonoid were also present.andshowed a concentration depended effect on(AACC0215) viability. Our results showed a great efficacy of/nanoparticles at the higher concentration tested (12X) against the target species. In this case, we observed an inhibition rate to both germination and growth of 87.96 and 58.13%, respectively. We suggest thatolive leaf extracts, as free or encapsulated in chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles, could be used as fungicides to control plant diseases. Finally, future application of these findings may allow to reduce the dosage of fungicides potentially harmful to human health.

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PMID: 

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Apr 15. Epub 2020 Apr 15. PMID: 32291641

Abstract Title: 

Olive leaf extract modulates glycerol-induced kidney and liver damage in rats.

Abstract: 

The present study was conducted to examine the protective effect of olive leaf extract (OLE) against glycerol-induced oxidative stress in rats. Sixty male albino rats were used and allocated randomly into four groups, each of 15 rats. Groups (1) and (2) were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) a single dose of 500 μL normal saline and hypertonic glycerol solution (10 mL/kg b.wt., 50% v/v, in sterile saline), respectively, followed by a 24-h period of water deprivation. Group (3) was orally given OLE (500 mg/kg b.wt.) for 22 days and glycerol as mentioned above on the 14th day of OLE administration followed by a 24-h period of water deprivation. Group (4) was administered OLE alone. Five rats from each group were sacrificed and samples were collected 1, 5, and 8 days after water deprivation. Alterations in hematobiochemical parameters, renal and hepatic oxidative stress markers, as well as histopathology of the kidney and liver, were evaluated. Glycerol treatment resulted in significant hematological and biochemical alterations as well as significant renal and hepatic oxidative stress. Administration of OLE has significantly ameliorated renal dysfunction, morphological alterations of kidneyand liver, and relieved the oxidative stress. These findings show obviously the role of oxidative stress and its relevance to renal dysfunction and suggest the ameliorative impact of OLE in glycerol-induced acute kidney damage in rats, possibly due to its antioxidant properties.

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PMID: 

J Dairy Sci. 2020 May ;103(5):3961-3970. Epub 2020 Mar 12. PMID: 32171508

Abstract Title: 

Effects of kefir or milk supplementation on zonulin in overweight subjects.

Abstract: 

Increased intestinal permeability has been shown to be involved in several diseases associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, including obesity and metabolic syndrome. In the last decade, growing evidence shows the beneficial effects of probiotic-containing food supplementation on these conditions. In this crossover intervention study on 28 asymptomatic overweight adults, we tested the effects of a 3-wk kefir supplementation compared with a 3-wk milk supplementation on serum zonulin levels. The effects on serum glucose, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein and adiponectin), anthropometric variables, mood, and appetite were also determined. Kefir supplementation resulted in a greater improvement of serum zonulin levels (F = 6.812,η= 0.275), whereas a significant yet similar improvement in lipid profile and serum glucose levels was found in both supplementations. Positive mood was slightly but significantly enhanced with kefir supplementation, and reduced with milk supplementation. The C-reactive protein, adiponectin, and appetite were unaffected. In conclusion, supplementation with both dairy products had health beneficial effects, but only kefir showed an effect on the intestinal barrier dysfunction marker.

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PMID: 

Curr Pharm Des. 2020 Mar 4. Epub 2020 Mar 4. PMID: 32129163

Abstract Title: 

New Insights on the Beneficial Effects of the Probiotic Kefir on Vascular Dysfunction in Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Abstract: 

The mechanisms responsible for the cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases have been the focus of experimental and clinical studies for decades. Among those studies, the relationship between the gut microbiota and the organs and system tissues, represents the research field that has generated the highest number of publications. Homeostasis of the gut microbiota is important to the host because promotes maturation of the autoimmune system, harmonic integrative functions of the brain and the normal function of organs related with cardiovascular and metabolic systems. On the other hand, when occurs a gut microbiota dysbiosis, the target organs become vulnerable to the onset or aggravation of complex chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular (e.g., arterial hypertension) and neurodegenerative (e.g., dementia) diseases. In the present brief review, we discuss the main mechanisms involved in those disturbances and the promising beneficial effects that have been revealed using functional food (nutraceuticals), such as the traditional probiotic Kefir. Here, we highlight current scientific advances, concerns and limitations about the use of this nutraceutical. The focus of our discussion is the endothelial dysfunction that accompanies the hypertension, and the neurovascular dysfunction that characterizes the ageing-related dementia in patients suffering of Alzheimer disease.

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PMID: 

Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2019 ;98(6):26-29. PMID: 31922506

Abstract Title: 

[The effect of probiotics on the secretory immunity of saliva in patients with type 2 diabetes].

Abstract: 

To study the effect of the use of probiotics on the state of mucosal immunity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Evaluation of the results was carried out based on immunological parameters of the saliva of 50 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes with moderate periodontitis, before and 1 month after taking a probiotic complex based on Lactobacillus. In the salivary fluid of patients, a decrease in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 was noted, while an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was observed. An increase in local mucosal immunity was also observed, manifested in an increase in the synthesis of secretory immunoglobulin A.

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PMID: 

Microorganisms. 2020 Jan 14 ;8(1). Epub 2020 Jan 14. PMID: 31947510

Abstract Title: 

Immunobiotic and Paraprobiotic Potential Effect ofin a Systemic Toxoplasmosis Murine Model.

Abstract: 

One of the main characteristics of probiotics is their ability to stimulate and modulate the immune response regardless of their viability.(Lc) can stimulate local and systemic immunity, in addition to the activation of macrophages at sites distant from the intestine. Activated macrophages limit the replication of intracellular protozoa, such as, through the production of nitric oxide. The present study aimed to evaluate the protection generated by treatment with viable and non-viable Lc in the murine systemic toxoplasmosis model. CD1 male mice were treated with viable Lc (immunobiotic) and non-viable Lc (paraprobiotic), infected with tachyzoites ofRH strain. The reduction of the parasitic load, activation of peritoneal macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, and cell populations was evaluated at 7 days post-infection, in addition to the survival. The immunobiotic and paraprobiotic reduced the parasitic load, but only the immunobiotic increased the activation of peritoneal macrophages, and the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) while the paraprobiotic increased the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and T CD4CD44lymphocytes. Viable and non-viable Lc increases survival but does not prevent the death of animals. The results provide evidence about the remote immunological stimulation of viable and non-viable Lc in an in vivo parasitic model.

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