PMID: 

Int Rev Immunol. 2019 Nov 4:1-14. Epub 2019 Nov 4. PMID: 31682154

Abstract Title: 

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Exercise Mediated by Toll-Like Receptor Regulation in Innate Immune Cells – A Review.

Abstract: 

Over the last three decades, the combination of a sedentary lifestyle and excessive food intake has led to a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity. The latter favors a chronic low-grade inflammatory state and an over-activation of the innate immune system, which contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Physical exercise is a powerful preventive tool and treatment for several diseases as it induces metabolic and immune effects that provide health benefits. Exercise is known to reduce inflammation; however, the underlying mechanisms responsible are not fully elucidated. One proposed mechanism is a reduced expression and/or activation of pro-inflammatory toll-like receptors (TLRs) on innate immune cells after exercise, which could contribute to the protective effect of exercise against insulin resistance and the prevention of the development of metabolic diseases. The aim of the present study is therefore to review the current evidence about the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise and toll-like receptors regulation on immune cells in humans. Key PointsObesity leads to a low-grade chronic inflammatory state and an over-activation of the innate immune system that is directly involved in the develop metabolic syndrome.The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise has been previously suggested through the reduction of the expression and/or activation of pro-inflammatory toll-like receptors (TLRs) in innate immune cells, which represent one of the main inflammatory responses triggered by obesityThe underlying mechanisms in which toll-like receptors expression modulate the reduction of chronic inflammation are not fully elucidated.

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PMID: 

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Oct 22 ;16(20). Epub 2019 Oct 22. PMID: 31652619

Abstract Title: 

Relationship between Physical Activity Level and Depression of Elderly People Living Alone.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Only a few studies analyzed the physical activity level of elderly people living alone in local communities and evaluated the relationship between it and mental health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between regular physical activity and depression in the elderly living alone and to provide basic data for the prevention of depression in the elderly.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 256 elderly people living alone aged 65 years or older who completed the 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Depression was defined as a score of 10 or higher using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). This study investigated walking per week, days of muscular strength exercise performance in the past 1 week, days of flexibility exercise in the past 1 week, mean hours in a sitting position per day, the numbers of days and hours conducting a high intensity physical activity in the past 1 week, and numbers of days and hours conducting a medium intensity physical activity in the past 1 week to define physical activity. Our study presented prevalence odds ratios (pOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) by using complex sample logistic regression analysis in order to identify the relationship between physical activity and depression.RESULTS: The results of complex sample logistic regression analysis showed that flexibility exercise was significantly related to depression (p

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PMID: 

Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2014 ;44(2):202-7. PMID: 24795060

Abstract Title: 

Oxidants and anti-oxidants status in acne vulgaris patients with varying severity.

Abstract: 

Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological disorder with a multifactorial pathogenesis. Oxidative status has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several skin diseases, including acne. This study was aimed to investigate the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in acne vulgaris patients with varying severities. The study involved 156 patients with acne and 46 healthy human controls. Based on clinical examination, patients were grouped into 3 subgroups as follows: mild, moderate, and severe acne. Oxidative stress was examined by measuring plasma levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Plasma levels of MDA in acne patients were significantly higher as compared with that of the controls, whereas activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT were lower. Moreover, TAC was also low in acne patients as compared with that of the controls. Higher MDA levels in the severe acne subgroup as compared with that of the mild and moderate subgroups were also observed. Furthermore, in the severe acne subgroup, a significant negative correlation was observed between MDA and CAT levels. The data suggests that oxidative stress plays a key role in acne progress and may be employed as a biomarker index to assess the disease's activity and to monitor its treatment.

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PMID: 

J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2016 Jan ;9(1):25-30. PMID: 26962389

Abstract Title: 

Addressing Free Radical Oxidation in Acne Vulgaris.

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVE: Comparatively little attention has been paid to the role of free radical oxidation in acne vulgaris. Here, using the traditional abnormalities cited for acne, the authors address the role of free radical oxidation throughout the pathogenesis by detailing the chemistry that may contribute to clinical changes. To probe the effects of free radical oxidation and test an antioxidant, they conducted a preliminary study of topically applied vitamin E.METHODS: Seventeen patients with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris were evaluated over an eight-week period in two private dermatology practices in this open-label study. All patients enrolled were on the same baseline regimen of salicylic acid and benzoyl peroxide. This regimen was then supplemented with topical vitamin E in sunflower seed oil.RESULTS: At the end of the eight-week period, all patients demonstrated clinical improvement, as indicated by a reduction in the number of lesions and global mean difference. A statistically significant reduction was noted as early as Week 2. Enrolled patients also expressed a positive experience due to good tolerability and easy application.CONCLUSION: Although the exact pathogenesis of acne vulgaris remains unknown, the presence of excessive reactive oxygen species can be implicated in each of the major abnormalities involved. This presence, along with the positive results of the authors' preliminary study, demonstrates the need for more exploration on the use of topical antioxidants in limiting free radical oxidation in the acne model. This paper is designed to stimulate academic discussion regarding a new way of thinking about the disease state of acne.

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PMID: 

J Drugs Dermatol. 2012 Jun ;11(6):742-6. PMID: 22648222

Abstract Title: 

Acne vulgaris: the role of oxidative stress and the potential therapeutic value of local and systemic antioxidants.

Abstract: 

Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological condition characterized by hormonally-mediated sebum overproduction, follicular hyperkeratinization, and chronic inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit. Microbes, genetic susceptibilities, and various environmental factors have been linked to the pathogenesis of the condition. Over the last several years it has become apparent that patients with acne are under increased cutaneous and systemic oxidative stress. Moreover, the burden of oxidative stress may not be a mere consequence of acne; rather, the oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation in particular, may be an early event that helps to drive the acne process. Here, we explore the role of oxidative stress and review the preliminary research involving the administration of local and systemic antioxidants.

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PMID: 

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010 Jul ;24(7):763-7. Epub 2009 Nov 23. PMID: 19943837

Abstract Title: 

Oxidative stress in acne vulgaris.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris is one of the common dermatological diseases and its pathogenesis is multifactorial. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of oxidative stress in acne vulgaris.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 32 patients with acne vulgaris in the patient group and 34 healthy adults in the control group. The parameters of oxidative stress such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XO), nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the venous blood of patients were measured spectrophotometrically. The values were compared with those of the control group.RESULTS: The serum levels of MDA and XO activity in the patients with acne vulgaris were significantly higher than those of the controls. A significantly lower SOD and CAT activity was found in the patient group than in the control group. Although the patient group had higher serum levels of NO than the control group, the difference was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that oxidative damage may play a role in the pathogenesis of acne; therefore, significant alterations may occur in the antioxidant defence system.

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PMID: 

Mediators Inflamm. 2005 Dec 14 ;2005(6):380-4. PMID: 16489259

Abstract Title: 

Oxidative stress in patients with acne vulgaris.

Abstract: 

Acne vulgaris is one of the common dermatological diseases and its pathogenesis is multifactorial. In this study, we aim to determine the effects of oxidative stress in acne vulgaris. Forty-three consecutive acne patients and 46 controls were enrolled. The parameters of oxidative stress such as catalase (CAT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the venous blood of cases were measured spectrophotometrically. The values compared with control group, the relation between the severity and distribution of acne, and the correlation of each enzyme level were researched. CAT and G6PD levels in patients were found to be statistically decreased, and SOD and MDA levels were found to be statistically increased (P

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PMID: 

Transl Res. 2017 06 ;184:68-76. Epub 2017 Mar 23. PMID: 28390799

Abstract Title: 

Skin microbiome and mast cells.

Abstract: 

Microbiotas in the skin have high levels of diversity at the species level, but low phylum-level diversity. The human skin microbiota is composed predominantly of Gram-positive bacteria especially Actinobacteria, which are the dominant bacterial phylum on the skin. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a major constituent of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and is therefore abundant in the skin microbiome. Recent studies have shown that LTA, and other bacterial products, permeates the whole skin and comes into contact with epidermal and dermal cells, including mast cells (MCs), with the potential of stimulating MC toll-like receptors (TLRs). MCs express a variety of pattern recognition receptors, including TLRs, on their cell surface in order to detect bacteria. Recent publications suggest that the skin microbiome has influence on MC migration, localization and maturation in the skin. Germ free (no microbiome) animals possess an underdeveloped immune system and immature MCs. Despite much research done on skin microbiota and many papers describing skin interaction with"the good microbiota", there is still controversy regarding how mast cells, communicate with surface bacteria. The present review intends to quell the controversy by illuminating the communication mechanism between bacteria and MCs.

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PMID: 

Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Oct ;98(42):e17509. PMID: 31626108

Abstract Title: 

Tai Chi can prevent cardiovascular disease and improve cardiopulmonary function of adults with obesity aged 50 years and older: A long-term follow-up study.

Abstract: 

To research the possible role of Tai Chi in preventing cardiovascular disease and improving cardiopulmonary function in adults with obesity aged 50 years and older.Between 2007 and 2012, 120 adults with obesity, aged 50 years and older, were divided into a Tai Chi group and a control group, with 60 participants in each group. The 2 groups were evaluated for weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure (BP), body mass index, and incidence of chronic disease during follow-up monitoring.Two- and 6-year follow-up showed that the average BP in the Tai Chi group along with either the systolic or diastolic pressure decreased significantly compared to those in the control group (P 

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PMID: 

J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2019 Oct 25. Epub 2019 Oct 25. PMID: 31665879

Abstract Title: 

Effect of simplified Tai Chi exercise on relieving symptoms of patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Tai Chi, a kind of physical exercise, may act as a non-pharmacologic approach to reducing the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of simplified Tai Chi training plus routine exercise on motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease in comparison with routine exercise regimen alone.METHODS: 41 outpatients and inpatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were randomized into Tai Chi group (n=19) and routine exercise group as control group (n=22) for 12 weeks. The Tai Chi group included both Tai Chi traning and routine exercise. Motor and non-motor functions were assessed. Motor function was evaluated by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). The non-motor symptoms like quality of life, sleep quality, depression and anxiety state, cognitive function were assessed by Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39), Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) respectively.RESULTS: After 12 weeks of intervention, participants in both Tai Chi and routine exercise groups gained effects in UPDRS-III, BBS, PDQ-39, PDSS and HAMD compared to the baseline. However, significant improvements between Tai Chi group and routine exercise group were only found in PDSS (P=0.029) and MoCA (P=0.024).CONCLUSIONS: Tai Chi training plus routine exercise might therefore be an ideal alternative non-pharmacological approach for the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD patients, and especially be more useful for the improvement of sleep quality and cognitive function in Parkinson's disease compared with routine exercise regimen alone.

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