PMID: 

Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Oct 11 ;20(20). Epub 2019 Oct 11. PMID: 31614433

Abstract Title: 

Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Immune Cells.

Abstract: 

Alterations on the immune system caused by omega-3 fatty acids have been described for 30 years. This family of polyunsaturated fatty acids exerts major alterations on the activation of cells from both the innate and the adaptive immune system, although the mechanisms for such regulation are diverse. First, as a constitutive part of the cellular membrane, omega-3 fatty acids can regulate cellular membrane properties, such as membrane fluidity or complex assembly in lipid rafts. In recent years, however, a new role for omega-3 fatty acids and their derivatives as signaling molecules has emerged. In this review, we describe the latest findings describing the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on different cells from the immune system and their possible molecular mechanisms.

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PMID: 

Balkan Med J. 2019 Oct 9. Epub 2019 Oct 9. PMID: 31594288

Abstract Title: 

Inhibition of Lung Cancer Proliferation by Wogonin is Associated with the Activation of Apoptosis and Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species

Abstract: 

Background: Lung cancer has very high incidence rate and is one among the commonly diagnosed tumors in the developed countries.Aims: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of wogonin on A549 and A427 lung cancer cells and explore the mechanism involved.Study Design: In the present study effect of wogonin was investigatedon A549 and A427 lung cancer and BEAS-2B normal cell normal lung cells.Methods: The cytotoxicity effect of wogoninon A549 and A427 lung cancer and BEAS-2B cells was assessed by MTT assay. The apoptosis onset was assessed by flow cytometry using Annexin V FITC/PI staining. Western blotting was used for determination of changes in apoptotic protein expression.Results: Wogonin treatment exhibited cytotoxicity effect selectively on A549 and A427 cells without affecting BEAS-2B normal lung cells. The viability of A549 and A427 cells was reduced to 31 and 34%, respectively on treatment with 50µM of wogonin. There was no significant reduction in BEAS-2B cell viability on treatment with 50 µM of wogonin. The percentage of apoptotic A427 cells showed a significant (P

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PMID: 

J Radiat Res. 2007 Jan ;48(1):69-75. Epub 2006 Dec 19. PMID: 17179647

Abstract Title: 

Effects of 2.45 GHz electromagnetic fields with a wide range of SARs on bacterial and HPRT gene mutations.

Abstract: 

Present day use of mobile phones is ubiquitous. This causes some concern for human health due to exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic fields (HFEMF) from mobile phones. Consequently, we have examined the effects of 2.45 GHz electromagnetic fields on bacterial mutations and the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene mutations. Using the Ames test, bacteria were exposed to HFEMF for 30 min at specific absorption rates (SARs) from 5 to 200 W/kg. In all strains, there was no significant difference in the frequency of revertant colonies between sham exposure and HFEMF-exposed groups. In examination of mutations of the HPRT gene, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells were exposed to HFEMF for 2 h at SARs from 5 to 200 W/kg. We detected a combination effect of simultaneous exposure to HFEMF and bleomycin at the respective SARs. A statistically significant difference was observed between the cells exposed to HFEMF at the SAR of 200 W/kg. Cells treated with the combination of HFEMF at SARs from 50 to 200 W/kg and bleomycin exhibited increased HPRT mutations. As the exposure to HFEMF induced an increase in temperature, these increases of mutation frequency may be a result of activation of bleomycin by heat. We consider that the increase of mutation frequency may be due to a thermal effect.

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PMID: 

Mutat Res. 2003 Nov 10 ;541(1-2):81-9. PMID: 14568297

Abstract Title: 

Effects of high frequency electromagnetic fields on micronucleus formation in CHO-K1 cells.

Abstract: 

To investigate the effects of high frequency electromagnetic fields (HFEMFs), we assessed the frequency of micronucleus (MN) formation induced by chromosomal breakage or inhibition of spindles during cell division in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells, using the cytokinesis block micronucleus method. The MN frequency in cells in the inner, middle and outer wells of an annular culture plate was determined for the following four conditions: (1) CHO-K1 cells were exposed to a HFEMF for 18 h at average specific absorption rates (SARs) of 13, 39 and 50 W/kg with input power 7.8 W, and were compared with a sham-exposed control; (2) the cells were also exposed to a HFEMF at SARs of 78 and 100 W/kg with input power 13 W, and were compared with a sham-exposed control; (3) the cells were treated with bleomycin alone or with bleomycin followed by exposure to a HFEMF for 18 h at SARs of 25, 78 and 100 W/kg, and were compared with a bleomycin-treated positive control. The cells treated with bleomycin alone were compared with sham-exposed controls; and (4) As a high temperature control, CHO-K1 cells were incubated at 39 degrees C for 18 h. In study (1), the MN frequency of cells exposed to a HFEMF at a SAR of up to 50 W/kg was not different to that in sham-exposed cells. In study (2), there were statistically significant increases in the MN frequencies of cells in the middle and outer wells of the annular culture plate caused by exposure to a HFEMF at 100 and 78 W/kg, respectively. In study (3), the MN frequencies of cells in the middle (100 W/kg) and outer wells (78 W/kg) of the annular culture plate were statistically higher than that caused by bleomycin-treatment alone. In study (4), there was a statistically significant increase of MN frequency in the cells treated by heat at 39 degrees C. These results indicate that cells exposed to a HFEMF at a SAR of 78 W/kg and higher form MN more frequently than sham-exposed cells, while exposure to a HFEMF at up to 50 W/kg does not induce MN formation. In addition, a HFEMF at a SAR of 78 W/kg and higher may potentiate MN formation induced by bleomycin-treatment.

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PMID: 

ScientificWorldJournal. 2004 Oct 20 ;4 Suppl 2:29-40. Epub 2004 Oct 20. PMID: 15517100

Abstract Title: 

Effects of 2.45-GHz electromagnetic fields with a wide range of SARs on micronucleus formation in CHO-K1 cells.

Abstract: 

There has been considerable discussion about the influence of high-frequency electromagnetic fields (HFEMF) on the human body. In particular, HFEMF used for mobile phones may be of great concern for human health. In order to investigate the properties of HFEMF, we have examined the effects of 2.45-GHz EMF on micronucleus (MN) formation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells. MN formation is induced by chromosomal breakage or inhibition of spindles during cell division and leads to cell damage. We also examined the influence of heat on MN formation, since HFEMF exposure causes a rise in temperature. CHO-K1 cells were exposed to HFEMF for 2 h at average specific absorption rates (SARs) of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 W/kg, and the effects on these cells were compared with those in sham-exposed control cells. The cells were also treated with bleomycin alone as a positive control or with combined treatment of HFEMF exposure and bleomycin. Heat treatment was performed at temperatures of 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, and 42 degrees C. The MN frequency in cells exposed to HFEMF at a SAR of lower than 50 W/kg did not differ from the sham-exposed controls, while those at SARs of 100 and 200 W/kg were significantly higher when compared with the sham-exposed controls. There was no apparent combined effect of HFEMF exposure and bleomycin treatment. On heat treatment at temperatures from 38-42 degrees C, the MN frequency increased in a temperature-dependent manner. We also showed that an increase in SAR causes a rise in temperature and this may be connected to the increase in MN formation generated by exposure to HFEMF.

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PMID: 

Electromagn Biol Med. 2014 Dec ;33(4):282-8. Epub 2013 Aug 26. PMID: 23977878

Abstract Title: 

Ants can be used as bio-indicators to reveal biological effects of electromagnetic waves from some wireless apparatus.

Abstract: 

Society is confronted with an increasing number of applications making use of wireless communication. We also notice an increasing awareness about potentially harmful effects of the related electromagnetic fields on living organisms. At present, it is not realistic to expect that wireless communication will decrease or disappear within the near future. That is why we currently are investigating the mechanisms behind these effects and the effectiveness of possible solutions. In order to be efficient and effective, we designed and validated a fast and easy test on ants – these insects being used as a biological model – for revealing the effect of wireless equipments like mobile phones, smartphones, digital enhanced cordless telephone (DECT) phones, WiFi routers and so on. This test includes quantification of ants' locomotion under natural conditions, then in the vicinity of such wireless equipments. Observations, numerical results and statistical results allow detecting any effect of a radiating source on these living organisms.

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PMID: 

Med Biol Eng Comput. 2007 Oct ;45(10):917-25. Epub 2007 Aug 14. PMID: 17701237

Abstract Title: 

The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on chondrocyte morphology.

Abstract: 

Osteoarthritis is a debilitating joint disease where the articular cartilage surface degrades and is unable to repair itself through natural processes. Chondrocytes reside within the cartilage matrix and maintain its structure. We conducted in vitro experiments to investigate the morphological response of cultured human chondrocytes under different pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) conditions. In the control experiments, cultured chondrocytes attached to the bottom of a culture dish typically displayed either a stellate or spindle morphology with extended processes. Experimental chondrocyte cultures were placed in a Helmholtz coil to which a ramp waveform was applied. Exposure to PEMFs caused the chondrocytes to retract their processes, becoming spherical in shape. This change in morphology followed a progression from stellate to spindle to spherical. These morphological changes were reflected in an average reduction of 30% in the surface contact area of the chondrocytes to the culture dish. Understanding the mechanisms by which PEMFs affect the morphology of chondrocytes will help lead to new treatments for osteoarthritis.

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PMID: 

Nepal Med Coll J. 2012 Dec ;14(4):337-41. PMID: 24579548

Abstract Title: 

Effect of exposure to radio frequency radiation emitted by cell phone on the developing dorsal root ganglion of chick embryo: a light microscopic study.

Abstract: 

With an ever increasing number of cell phone users since late twentieth [corrected] century, magnitude of the problem of exposure to radiation emitted by cell phone is self evident. Extensive research had been devoted to incriminate or absolve it as a health hazard. Radiofrequency radiation emitted by cell phone had been stated to be a potent carcinogen, cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and neurobehavioral teratogen. Its effect on the brain had been a subject of extensive research evidently due to its proximity to the user's brain. While considering the biological effects of radiofrequency radiation, its intensity, frequency and the duration of exposure are important determinants. Nevertheless the results of these different studies have not been unequivocal. Considering the contradictory reports, the present work was undertaken to study the effect of such an exposure on the developing neural tissue of chick embryo. The processes of cell division and differentiation are fundamental to the development of any living being and are a sensitive index of any insult sustained at this stage. Neurons of dorsal root ganglion were selected for the present study as these ganglia were fully differentiated as early as fourth day of embryonic life. By varying duration of exposure, the embryos were exposed to different doses of radiation, sacrificed at different periods of incubation and subjected to histological processing. On light microscopic study it was observed that developing neurons of dorsal root ganglion suffered a damage which was dose dependent and persisted in spite of giving the exposure-free period between two exposures.

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PMID: 

Laryngoscope. 2013 Feb ;123(2):315-20. Epub 2012 Oct 11. PMID: 23060235

Abstract Title: 

The effects of a 1.8 GHz continuous electromagnetic fields on mucociliary transport of human nasal mucosa.

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 1.8 GHz continuous electromagnetic fields (EMF) on human nasal mucociliary transport, and to determine the pathophysiology of ciliary beat frequency (CBF) during an EMF-induced change.METHODS: Human nasal mucosa cells were exposed to a 1.8 GHz EMF (SAR=1.0 W/kg), and CBF was analyzed using an optical flow technique with the peak detection method.RESULTS: The 1.8 GHz-exposed group showed a decreased CBF when compared to the control group. In the cytotoxicity assay, difference in survival rates was not found between the two groups. In the EMF-exposed group, protein kinase C (PKC) activity was increased during a PKC activity assay. The broad PKC inhibitor, Calphostin C abolished the EMF-induced decrease of CBF. The EMF-induced decrease of CBF was abolished by GF 109203X, a novel PKC (nPKC) isoform inhibitor, whereas the decrease was not attenuated by Gö-6976, a specific inhibitor of conventional PKC (cPKC) isoform.CONCLUSIONS: EMF may inhibit CBF via an nPKC-dependent mechanism. Therefore, we have confirmed that EMF could decrease CBF by increasing PKC activity.

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PMID: 

Radiat Res. 2008 Aug ;170(2):235-43. PMID: 18666817

Abstract Title: 

Proliferation, oxidative stress and cell death in cells exposed to 872 MHz radiofrequency radiation and oxidants.

Abstract: 

Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and mouse L929 fibroblast cells were exposed to 872 MHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation using continuous waves (CW) or a modulated signal similar to that emitted by GSM mobile phones at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 5 W/kg in isothermal conditions. To investigate possible combined effects with other agents, menadione was used to induce reactive oxygen species, and tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BOOH) was used to induce lipid peroxidation. After 1 or 24 h of exposure, reduced cellular glutathione levels, lipid peroxidation, proliferation, caspase 3 activity, DNA fragmentation and viability were measured. Two statistically significant differences related to RF radiation were observed: Lipid peroxidation induced by t-BOOH was increased in SH-SY5Y (but not in L929) cells, and menadione-induced caspase 3 activity was increased in L929 (but not in SH-SY5Y) cells. Both differences were statistically significant only for the GSM-modulated signal. The other end points were not significantly affected in any of the experimental conditions, and no effects were observed from exposure to RF radiation alone. The positive findings may be due to chance, but they may also reflect effects that occur only in cells sensitized by chemical stress. Further studies are required to investigate the reproducibility and dose response of the possible effects.

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