PMID: 

Open Ophthalmol J. 2008 May 21 ;2:102-6. Epub 2008 May 21. PMID: 19517034

Abstract Title: 

Non-thermal electromagnetic radiation damage to lens epithelium.

Abstract: 

High frequency microwave electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones and other modern devices has the potential to damage eye tissues, but its effect on the lens epithelium is unknown at present. The objective of this study was to investigate the non-thermal effects of high frequency microwave electromagnetic radiation (1.1GHz, 2.22 mW) on the eye lens epithelium in situ. Bovine lenses were incubated in organ culture at 35°C for 10-15 days. A novel computer-controlled microwave source was used to investigate the effects of microwave radiation on the lenses. 58 lenses were used in this study. The lenses were divided into four groups: (1) Control lenses incubated in organ culture for 10 to15 days. (2) Electromagneticradiation exposure group treated with 1.1 GHz, 2.22 mW microwave radiation for 90 cycles of 50 minutes irradiation followed by 10 minutes pause and cultured up to 10 days. (3) Electromagnetic radiation exposure group treated as group 2 with 192 cycles of radiation and cultured for 15 days. (4) Lenses exposed to 39.5°C for 2 hours 3 times with 24 hours interval after each treatment beginning on the second day of the culture and cultured for 11 days. During the culture period, lens optical quality was followed daily by a computer-operated scanning laser beam. At the end of the culture period, control and treated lenses were analyzed morphologically and by assessment of the lens epithelial ATPase activity. Exposure to 1.1 GHz, 2.22 mW microwaves caused a reversible decrease in lens optical quality accompanied by irreversible morphological and biochemical damage to the lens epithelial celllayer. The effect of the electromagnetic radiation on the lens epithelium was remarkably different from those of conductive heat. The results of this investigation showed that electromagnetic fields from microwave radiation have a negative impact on the eye lens. The lens damage by electromagnetic fields was distinctly different from that caused by conductive heat.

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PMID: 

Bioelectrochemistry. 2012 Apr ;84:18-24. Epub 2011 Oct 13. PMID: 22082754

Abstract Title: 

Microwave induced shift of the main phase transition in phosphatidylcholine membranes.

Abstract: 

Numerous experimental evidence show that exposure of biological systems to extremely high frequency microwaves may induce significant effects even at low powers. These effects are thought to occur via nonthermal mechanisms involving primarily the interaction of microwaves with phospholipid membrane structures. However, no conclusive experimental evidence that biomembranes exhibit remarkable sensitivity to this radiation has been provided up to now. Here, deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is used to study the effects of microwaves on 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine/(2)H(2)O multilamellar vesicles that serve as biomimetic membranes. Here we show that, if the membrane is brought into close proximity to the transition point, microwaves induce a reduction of water ordering at the membrane interface, an upward shift of the main phase transition temperature and a broadening of the transition region. A deep dosimetric analysis shows that the above effects are nonthermal, indicating the need for a nonthermal hypothesis to explain them. This study suggests that exposure to high-frequency microwaves can have far reaching consequences on active biological systems.

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PMID: 

Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018 07 ;50(7):1413-1421. PMID: 29443821

Abstract Title: 

Changes in Cycling and Incidence of Overweight and Obesity among Danish Men and Women.

Abstract: 

PURPOSE: Overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of several noncommunicable diseases and are a growing public health issue. The primary purpose of the current study was to investigate incidence of overweight and obesity according to 5-yr cycling habits. The secondary purpose was to investigate incidence of remission from overweight and obesity according to 5-yr cycling habits.METHODS: We analyzed 9014 men and 8661 women without chronic disease who between 1993 and 2003 completed two assessments approximately 5 yr apart. At both assessments, participants reported habitual cycling habits. Also, body weight and waist circumference were measured by a laboratory technician at baseline and self-assessed at second examination. We computed multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for development of and remission from abdominal and general overweight and obesity, according to 5-yr cycling habits.RESULTS: Continued cycling was associated with lower odds for incidence of abdominal (men,>102 cm; women,>88 cm) and incidence of general (body mass index≥30 kg·m) obesity; compared with no cycling, OR (95% CI) values were 0.82 (0.74-0.91) and 0.74 (0.60-0.92) for abdominal and general obesity, respectively. Also, those who initiated cycling had lower odds for incidence of abdominal obesity; OR (95% CI) was 0.85 (0.73-1.00) relative to no cycling.Although we found no evidence of remission from abdominal and general overweight and obesity according to 5-yr cycling habits, those who continued cycling had significantly larger decreases in waist circumference relative to noncyclists (β coefficient (95% CI), -0.95 cm (-1.56 to -0.33 cm)).CONCLUSIONS: Continued cycling compared with no cycling was associated with lower odds for abdominal and general obesity. Also, late-in-life initiation of cycling was associated with lower odds for abdominal obesity relative to no cycling.

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PMID: 

Bioelectrochemistry. 2007 May ;70(2):214-20. Epub 2006 Jul 12. PMID: 16959547

Abstract Title: 

Antiproliferative effect of millimeter radiation on human erythromyeloid leukemia cell line K562 in culture: ultrastructural- and metabolic-induced changes.

Abstract: 

In the present study we compared the proliferation behavior, the ultrastructural morphology and the glycolitic metabolism of K562 cells irradiated by low-power wide-band millimeter waves, with those of sham-exposed K562 cells (control), maintained in the same culture conditions. The gigaHertz radiation treatments, performed between 53-78 10(9) Hz, induced a noticeable inhibition of the cell proliferation that could be related to relevant ultrastructural changes. Such effects brought the irradiated cell system to lose the homeostasis and to trigger defense/reparatory mechanisms in order to reestablish a new steady state. (13)C-Nuclear magnetic resonance data on the kinetic of glucose metabolism demonstrated that the irradiated cells enhanced the glycolitic aerobic pathway, indicating that such system need to produce an extra-bioenergy. Most of the ATP synthesized served probably to perform the above processes resulting in a significant decrease of the proliferation rate without significant cell death increment.

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PMID: 

Bioelectromagnetics. 2010 May ;31(4):311-7. PMID: 20082334

Abstract Title: 

Radio frequency magnetic field effects on molecular dynamics and iron uptake in cage proteins.

Abstract: 

The protein ferritin has a natural ferrihydrite nanoparticle that is superparamagnetic at room temperature. For native horse spleen ferritin, we measure the low field magnetic susceptibility of the nanoparticle as 2.2 x 10(-6) m(3) kg(-1) and its Néel relaxation time at about 10(-10) s. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles increase their internal energy when exposed to radio frequency magnetic fields due to the lag between magnetization and applied field. The energy is dissipated to the surrounding peptidic cage, altering the molecular dynamics and functioning of the protein. This leads to an increased population of low energy vibrational states under a magnetic field of 30 microT at 1 MHz, as measured via Raman spectroscopy. After 2 h of exposure, the proteins have a reduced iron intake rate of about 20%. Our results open a new path for the study of non-thermal bioeffects of radio frequency magnetic fields at the molecular scale.

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PMID: 

Reprod Toxicol. 2009 Jul ;28(1):59-65. Epub 2009 Apr 5. PMID: 19490996

Abstract Title: 

Effect of high-frequency electromagnetic fields on trophoblastic connexins.

Abstract: 

Connexins (Cx) are membrane proteins able to influence trophoblast functions. Here we investigated the effect of high-frequency electromagnetic fields (HF-EMF) on Cx expression and localization in extravillous trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo. We also analysed cell ultrastructural changes induced by HF-EMF exposure. Samples were exposed to pulse-modulated 1817 MHz sinusoidal waves (GSM-217 Hz; 1h: SAR of 2 W/kg). Cx mRNA expression was assessed through semi-quantitative RT-PCR, protein expression by Western blotting, protein localization by indirect immunofluorescence, cell ultrastructure using electron microscopy. HF-EMF exposure significantly and selectively increased Cx40 and Cx43, without altering protein expression. Nevertheless, Cx40 and Cx43 lost their punctuate fluorescence within the cell membrane, becoming diffuse after HF-EMF exposure. Electron microscopy evidenced a sharp decrease in intercellular gap junction-like structures. This study is the first to indicate that exposure of extravillous trophoblast to GSM-217 Hz signals can modify Cx gene expression, Cx protein localization and cellular ultrastructure.

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PMID: 

Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 May ;1067:493-9. PMID: 16804032

Abstract Title: 

Age-dependent effects of in vitro radiofrequency exposure (mobile phone) on CD95+ T helper human lymphocytes.

Abstract: 

Recent studies on"nonthermal"effects of mobile phone radiofrequency (RF) suggest that RF can interact with cellular functions and molecular pathways. To study the possible RF effects on human lymphocyte activation, we analyzed CD25, CD95, CD28 molecules in unstimulated and stimulated CD4+ e CD8+ T cells in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from young and elderly donors were exposed or sham-exposed to RF (1,800 MHz, Specific Absorption Rate 2 W/kg) with or without mitogenic stimulation. No significant changes in the percentage of these cell subsets were found between exposed and sham-exposed lymphocytes in both young and elderly donors. Nevertheless, after RF exposure we observed a slight, but significant, downregulation of CD95 expression in stimulated CD4+ T lymphocytes from elderly, but not from young donors. This age-related result is noteworthy given the importance of a such molecule in regulation of the immune response.

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PMID: 

J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2009 ;72(11-12):727-32. PMID: 19492235

Abstract Title: 

900-MHz microwave radiation enhances gamma-ray adverse effects on SHG44 cells.

Abstract: 

Mobile phones are widely used globally. However, the biological effects due to exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) produced by mobile phones are largely unknown. Environmental and occupational exposure of humans to gamma-rays is a biologically relevant phenomenon. Consequently studies were undertaken to examine the interactions between gamma-rays and EMF on human health. In this study, exposure to 900-MHz EMF expanded gamma-ray damage to SHG44 cells. Preexposure EMF enhanced the decrease in cell proliferation induced by gamma-ray irradiation and the rate of apoptosis. The combination of EMF and gamma-ray exposure resulted in a synergistic effect by triggering stress response, which increased reactive oxygen species, but the expression of hsp70 at both mRNA and protein levels remained unaltered. Data indicate that the adverse effects of gamma-rays on cellular functions are strengthened by EMF.

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PMID: 

World J Biol Chem. 2012 Feb 26 ;3(2):34-40. PMID: 22371824

Abstract Title: 

Modulation of heat shock protein response in SH-SY5Y by mobile phone microwaves.

Abstract: 

AIM: To investigate putative biological damage caused by GSM mobile phone frequencies by assessing electromagnetic fields during mobile phone working.METHODS: Neuron-like cells, obtained by retinoic-acid-induced differentiation of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, were exposed for 2 h and 4 h to microwaves at 1800 MHz frequency bands.RESULTS: Cell stress response was evaluated by MTT assay as well as changes in the heat shock protein expression (Hsp20, Hsp27 and Hsp70) and caspase-3 activity levels, as biomarkers of apoptotic pathway. Under our experimental conditions, neither cell viability nor Hsp27 expression nor caspase-3 activity was significantly changed. Interestingly, a significant decrease in Hsp20 expression was observed at both times of exposure, whereas Hsp70 levels were significantly increased only after 4 h exposure.CONCLUSION: The modulation of the expression of Hsps in neuronal cells can be an early response to radiofrequency microwaves.

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PMID: 

J Pain. 2003 May ;4(4):197-202. PMID: 14622704

Abstract Title: 

Acute differential modulation of synaptic transmission and cell survival during exposure to pulsed and continuous radiofrequency energy.

Abstract: 

Pulsed radiofrequency, in which short bursts of radiofrequency energy are applied to nervous tissue, has been recently described as an alternative technique devoid of nerve injury, a subsequent side effect of thermal lesions created by continuous radiofrequency lesioning. Yet the mechanism of this effect remains unclear. In this study we compared the acute effects of pulsed versus continuous radiofrequency energy on impulse propagation and synaptic transmission in hippocampal slice cultures and on cell survival in cortical cultures. A differential effect was observed on both systems, with pulsed radiofrequency producing a transient and continuous radiofrequency a lasting inhibition of evoked synaptic activity. In addition, although both continuous radiofrequency and pulsed radiofrequency treatments induced a distance-dependent tissue destruction under the stimulating needle, the effect was more pronounced in the continuous radiofrequency group. These findings suggest that the acute effects of pulsed radiofrequency are more reversible and less destructive in nature than the classic continuous radiofrequency mode, even in normothermal conditions. This model might help elucidate the importance of various parameters for the clinical application of radiofrequency lesioning and might open new horizons for the role of pulsed radiofrequency lesioning in cases of neuropathic pain.

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