Mechanisms underlying the anti-depressive effects of regular tea consumption.

PMID: 

Nutrients. 2019 Jun 17 ;11(6). Epub 2019 Jun 17. PMID: 31212946

Abstract Title: 

Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-Depressive Effects of Regular Tea Consumption.

Abstract: 

This article is a comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to the antidepressant effects and mechanisms of regular tea consumption. Meta-data supplemented with recent observational studies were first analyzed to assess the association between tea consumption and depression risk. The literature reported risk ratios (RR) were 0.69 with 95% confidence intervals of 0.62-0.77. Next, we thoroughly reviewed human trials, mouse models, and in vitro experiments to determine the predominant mechanisms underlying the observed linear relationship between tea consumption and reduced risk of depression. Current theories on the neurobiology of depression were utilized to map tea-mediated mechanisms of antidepressant activity onto an integrated framework of depression pathology. The major nodes within the network framework of depression included hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity, inflammation, weakened monoaminergic systems, reduced neurogenesis/neuroplasticity, and poor microbiome diversity affecting the gut-brain axis. We detailed how each node has subsystems within them, including signaling pathways, specific target proteins, or transporters that interface with compounds in tea, mediating their antidepressant effects. A major pathway was found to be the ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, up-regulated by a number of compounds in tea including teasaponin, L-theanine, EGCG and combinations of tea catechins and their metabolites. Black tea theaflavins and EGCG are potent anti-inflammatory agents via down-regulation of NF-κB signaling. Multiple compounds in tea are effective modulators of dopaminergic activity and the gut-brain axis. Taken together, our findings show that constituents found in all major tea types, predominantly L-theanine, polyphenols and polyphenol metabolites, are capable of functioning through multiple pathways simultaneously to collectively reduce the risk of depression.

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Black tea can be considered a potential therapeutic agent against type 1 diabetes-induced intestinal Na+ /K+ -ATPase disturbance.

PMID: 

Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019 Sep ;63(17):e1801039. Epub 2019 Jun 21. PMID: 31197949

Abstract Title: 

Comparison of the Effects of Green and Black Tea Extracts on Na/K-ATPase Activity in Intestine of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Mice.

Abstract: 

SCOPE: Na/K-ATPase is an important membrane-bound enzyme and high levels of Na/K-ATPase activity in intestine result in increased monosaccharide absorption and aggravated undesirable postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic. The aim is to characterize the effects of green and black tea extracts on the intestinal Na/K-ATPase.METHODS AND RESULTS: The STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice model and high-fat diet combined with low-dose STZ-induced type 2 diabetic mice model are used in this study and the data indicate that both green and black tea extracts show significant hypoglycemic effect. The Na/K-ATPase activities in intestine associated with glucose absorption are increased in type 1 diabetic mice, while those are even normal in type 2 diabetic mice. Green and black tea extracts can attenuate type 1 diabetes-induced intestinal Na/K-ATPase disturbance to control postprandial hyperglycemia. Black tea is more effective than green tea in reducing of Na/K-ATPase activity and protein expression. Theaflavins are the major functional components of black tea and theaflavine-3,3'-digallate presents the strongest inhibitory effect exhibiting anticompetition with ATP and mixed inhibition with Naand K.CONCLUSION: Tea, especially black tea, can be considered a potential therapeutic agent against type 1 diabetes-induced intestinal Na/K-ATPase disturbance to control postprandial hyperglycemia.

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Inhibitory effect of black tea (Camellia sinensis) theaflavins and thearubigins against HCT 116 colon cancer cells and HT 460 lung cancer cells.

PMID: 

J Food Biochem. 2019 May ;43(5):e12822. Epub 2019 Mar 4. PMID: 31353529

Abstract Title: 

Inhibitory effect of black tea (Camellia sinensis) theaflavins and thearubigins against HCT 116 colon cancer cells and HT 460 lung cancer cells.

Abstract: 

Recently, phytochemical-based dietary intervention has gained attention as a preventive and curative strategy against cancers owing to their safety, better tolerance, and economics. Against this background, black tea extract which contains the flavanol-3-ol, theaflavins (TF), and thearubigins (TR) with promising anti-oncogenic activity were assessed to determine its in vitro inhibitory impact on colon cancer (HCT 116) and lung cancer cell lines (HT 460). In a dose-dependent manner, results revealed that TF, TR, and their combinations cause inhibition in cell viability. However, TF imparted a maximum reduction in cell viability of HCT 116 and HT 460. Flow cytometry data revealed that TF, TR, and their combinations exhibited substantial cell arrest at the G2/M phase. The influence was more prominent in lung cancer cells (HT 460) when compared with colon cells (HCT 116). All treatments resulted in apoptosis, however, the combination of TF and TR exhibited the highest apoptotic ability in comparison to individual treatments. TF and TR exhibited a synergistic impact and significantly inhibited cell proliferation of HCT 116 and HT 460 in dose- and time-dependent manners by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, wherein TF showed a more pronounced impact. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Results from the present study revealed that black tea-isolated polyphenols (TF and TR) exhibited a significant inhibition of lung and colon cancer cell growth. A promising synergistic effect of TF and TR as inhibitors of cancer cells was observed. More clinical work, perhaps on a human subject, is needed before these two isolated compounds can be prescribed as anticancer drugs.

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Habitual tea drinking modulates brain efficiency: evidence from brain connectivity evaluation.

PMID: 

Aging (Albany NY). 2019 Jun 14 ;11(11):3876-3890. PMID: 31209186

Abstract Title: 

Habitual tea drinking modulates brain efficiency: evidence from brain connectivity evaluation.

Abstract: 

The majority of tea studies have relied on neuropsychological measures, and much fewer on neuroimaging measures, especially for interregional connections. To date, there has been no exploration of the effect of tea on system-level brain networks. We recruited healthy older participants to two groups according to their history of tea drinking frequency and investigated both functional and structural networks to reveal the role of tea drinking on brain organization. The results showed that tea drinking gave rise to the more efficient structural organization, but had no significant beneficial effect on the global functional organization. The suppression of hemispheric asymmetry in the structural connectivity network was observed as a result of tea drinking. We did not observe any significant effects of tea drinking on the hemispheric asymmetry of the functional connectivity network. In addition, functional connectivity strength within the default mode network (DMN) was greater for the tea-drinking group, and coexistence of increasing and decreasing connective strengths was observed in the structural connectivity of the DMN. Our study offers the first evidence of the positive contribution of tea drinking to brain structure and suggests a protective effect on age-related decline in brain organisation.

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How CBD Works to Heal Your Body

Do you want to know how CBD works to heal your body?  Not too long ago scientists were studying the way cannabis interacts with the body.  They found that the compound THC was binding to receptors in a system they had never noticed before.  The called the system the endocannabinoid system after the plant that helped lead to its discovery.

Since then scientists have learned more and more about the way the endocannabinoid system affects our bodies.  They found that it has an impact on our daily lives, from regulating pain receptors to stimulating serotonin levels.  The endocannabinoid system works great on its own.  But CBD and other cannabis compounds can interact with system’s receptors to provide an overall healing effect.

The Endocannabinoid System

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is made up of a series of receptors, enzymes and endogenous cannabinoids. The system’s main function within the body is to maintain a healthy internal balance, or homeostasis.  It does this by using receptors to interact with various internal and external compounds to regulate the body’s other systems and boost overall health.

There are two main types of ECS receptors present throughout the body.  They are the CB1 and CB2 receptors. The most prominent are the CB1 receptors.  They are found in the brain, central nervous system, reproductive system, cardiovascular system, and the liver, among others.  The CB2 receptors are found mostly in peripheral systems.  Both, CB1 and CB2 receptors play a very important role in the ECS.

The body naturally produces compounds that interact with the ECS receptors.  The two main compounds that have been found are anandamide and 2-AG.  When these compounds interact with CB1 and CB2 receptors it helps the body’s system work in balance with the other systems.

The ECS can also help regulate a variety of different functions within the body and combat a variety of different ailments such as appetite, learning and memory, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, stroke, multiple sclerosis, neurodegeneration, epilepsy, and addiction.   The CB1 receptor, specifically, is involved in regulating physiological and pathological conditions in the peripheral nervous system and peripheral tissues, including pain, energy metabolism, cardiovascular and reproductive functions, inflammation, glaucoma, cancer, and liver and musculoskeletal disorders.

How does CBD work with the Endocannabinoid System?

Scientists are aware of two types of cannabinoids; endogenous cannabinoids and phytocannabinoids.  Endogenous cannabinoids include anandamide and 2-AG and are produced by the body to interact with the CB1 and CB2 receptors.  Phytocannabinoids are produced by cannabis plants.

The endogenous cannabinoids that the body makes do their part in keeping us strong and healthy, sometimes they need a little help when the body is sick or not functioning in a balanced state.  That’s where the phytocannabinoids come into play.

When phytocannabinoids are ingested, they interact with CB1 and CB2 receptors in a similar way as the endogenous cannabinoids do.  Phytocannabinoids can actually boost the ECS and help it function more effectively than it can on its own.

Scientists believe there are up to 100 different cannabinoids produced by cannabis plants, but only five are worth mentioning now. The most important phytocannabinoids are THC, CBD, CBG, CBC and CBN.

THC is the most well-known cannabinoid.  THC is produced by marijuana and is the culprit behind the psychoactive effects most marijuana users experience.

CBD is produced in the highest concentrations by hemp plants.  Hemp is a strain of cannabis but produces little to no THC.  Instead, it produces high quantities of CBD, CBG, CBC and CBN.  These cannabinoids do not cause any psychoactive effects and have little to no known negative side effects.  When they interact with CB1 and CB2 receptors, they can boost the ECS’s effects on moderating pain, regulating mental disorders such as anxiety and depression, improving sleeplessness, increasing appetite, reducing nausea and promoting muscle and bone growth.

Each of these phytocannabinoids has a slightly different effect on the ECS.   CBN is known for its ability to help reduce the side effects of those who suffer from sleep disorders.  CBC is popular for its ability to regulate pain and reduce inflammation.  CBG promotes healthy bone growth and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent and sleep aid.  CBD, the most well know phytocannabinoid, provides a long list of health benefits, including help regulating the immune system, has an anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial effects, helps soothing the side effects of anxiety and depression, reduces nausea and chronic muscle and joint pain, among other things.

For more information

The CBD products we sell at AlternativeWellness are from the hemp plan and contain no THC.  If you want to experience how CBD works to heal your body, please visit our website and let us know if you have any questions.

The post How CBD Works to Heal Your Body appeared first on AlternativeWellness.

Effectiveness of ozone therapy compared to other therapies for low back pain.

PMID: 

Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2019 Sep 11. Epub 2019 Sep 11. PMID: 31521383

Abstract Title: 

[Effectiveness of ozone therapy compared to other therapies for low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials].

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Low back pain is a prevalent disease in the adult population, whose quality of life is considerably affected. In order to solve this problem, several therapies have been developed, of which ozone therapy is an example. Our objective in this study was to determine the effectiveness of ozone therapy for lumbar pain relief in adult patients compared to other therapies (steroid and placebo).METHOD: We usused randomized clinical trials to compare the effectiveness of ozone and other therapies for lumbar pain relief in adults (Prospero: CRD42018090807). Two independent reviewers searched the Medline (1966-April/2018), Scopus (2011-May/2018), Lilacs (1982-May/2018), and Embase (1974-March/2018) databases. We use the terms"ozone"and"pain"as descriptors. The primary variable was pain relief and the secondary ones were complication, degree of satisfaction, quality of life, and recurrence of pain.RESULTS: Of the 779 identified articles, the six selected clinical trials show that ozone therapy is more effective for lumbar pain relief; however, they were mostly classified as having a high or uncertain risk of bias (Cochrane Handbook). The meta-analysis regarding the effectiveness of pain relief did not show a significant difference between groups in the three-month period (RR = 1.98, 95% CI: 0.46-8.42, p = 0.36; 366 participants). It also showed greater effectiveness of the ozone therapy at six months compared to other therapies (steroid and placebo) (RR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.87-2.60, p

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Evidence that guided imagery alleviates musculoskeletal pain is encouraging.

PMID: 

Clin J Pain. 2011 Sep ;27(7):648-53. PMID: 21430523

Abstract Title: 

Guided imagery for musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review.

Abstract: 

AIMS: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of guided imagery (GI) as a treatment option for musculoskeletal pain (MSP).METHOD: Six databases were searched from their inception to May 2010. All controlled clinical trials were considered, if they investigated GI in patients with any MSP in any anatomic location and if they assessed pain as an outcome measure. Trials of motor imagery were excluded. The selection of studies, data extraction, and validation were performed independently by 2 reviewers.RESULTS: Nine randomized clinical trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria. Their methodologic quality ranged between 1 and 3 on the Jadad scale. Eight RCTs suggested that GI leads to a significant reduction of MSP. One RCT indicated no change in MSP in comparison with usual care.CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that there are too few rigorous RCTs testing the effectiveness of GI in the management of MSP. Therefore, the evidence that GI alleviates MSP is encouraging but inconclusive.

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Guided imagery improves mood, fatigue, and quality of life in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

PMID: 

J Evid Based Integr Med. 2018 Jan-Dec;23:2515690X17748744. PMID: 29405761

Abstract Title: 

Guided Imagery Improves Mood, Fatigue, and Quality of Life in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis: An Exploratory Efficacy Trial of Healing Light Guided Imagery.

Abstract: 

Multiple sclerosis is a disabling and progressive neurological disease that has significant negative effects on health-related quality of life. This exploratory efficacy study examined the effects of Healing Light Guided Imagery (HLGI), a novel variant of guided imagery, compared with a wait-list control in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Changes in the Beck Depression Inventory, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life instrument (physical and mental components) were compared between groups. Patients who completed HLGI (N = 9) showed significant reductions in depressed mood ( P

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Guided imagery is an effective technique for managing and limiting sickle cell disease-related pain in a pediatric population.

PMID: 

Am J Nurs. 2014 Apr ;114(4):26-36; test 37, 47. PMID: 24632887

Abstract Title: 

Original research: using guided imagery to manage pain in young children with sickle cell disease.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Despite innovations in treatment, disease-related pain is still the primary cause of hospitalization for children with sickle cell disease. Pharmacologic pain management relieves pain temporarily, but adverse effects are increasingly a concern. Cognitive behavioral therapies, which include the use of guided imagery, have shown promise in changing pain perception and coping patterns in people with chronic illnesses. Few studies have been done in children with sickle cell disease.OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to test the effects of guided imagery training on school-age children who had been diagnosed with sickle cell disease, and to describe changes in pain perception, analgesic use, self-efficacy, and imaging ability from the month before to the month after training.METHODS: A quasi-experimental interrupted time-series design was used with a purposive sample of 20 children ages six to 11 years enrolled from one sickle cell disease clinic, where they had been treated for at least one year. Children completed pain diaries daily for two months, and investigators measured baseline and end-of-treatment imaging ability and self-efficacy.RESULTS: After training in the use of guided imagery, participants reported significant increases in self-efficacy and reductions in pain intensity, and use of analgesics decreased as well.CONCLUSIONS: Guided imagery is an effective technique for managing and limiting sickle cell disease-related pain in a pediatric population.

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Guided imagery as a treatment option for fatigue: a literature review.

PMID: 

J Holist Nurs. 2011 Dec ;29(4):279-86. Epub 2011 Jul 19. PMID: 21772047

Abstract Title: 

Guided imagery as a treatment option for fatigue: a literature review.

Abstract: 

PURPOSE: Fatigue is one of the most common complaints experienced among the general population. Because fatigue is recognized as a biobehavioral occurrence, a biobehavioral intervention such as guided imagery may be effective in reducing self-reported fatigue. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the research literature related to the use of guided imagery as a nonpharmacological mind-body intervention for the symptom of fatigue.METHOD: The electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 1980 to June 2010.FINDINGS: Of 24 articles retrieved, eight met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic literature review. FINDINGS were inconsistent regarding the effectiveness of guided imagery on fatigue. Studies varied in study length, duration of the applied guided imagery intervention, dosage, and whether the images were targeted to the purpose of the intervention.IMPLICATIONS: Guided imagery is a simple, economic intervention with the potential to effectively treat fatigue, thus further research is warranted using systematic, well-designed methodologies Standardizing guided imagery interventions according to total duration of exposure and targeted imagery in a variety of different populations adequately powered to detect changes will contribute to and strengthen nursing's symptom-management armamentarium.

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