PMID: 

Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 2005 Sep-Oct(5):17-20. PMID: 16318001

Abstract Title: 

[Influence of (460 MHz) electromagnetic fields on the induced lipid peroxidation in the structures of visual analyzer and hypothalamus in experimental animals].

Abstract: 

Changes in the intensity of ascorbate- and NADPN2-dependent induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) were studied in exposure of the visual analyzer and hypothalamus of 3- and 12-month-old rats to radiation with microwaves of high and low intensity. The exposure to microwaves of high intensity stimulated basal LPO but suppressed activity of LPO-inducing systems. This suggests disturbances in the activity of different sources of active oxygen forms. Microwaves of low intensity activated systems of induced LPO. This is accompanied with synchronous activity of the antioxidant defense system maintaining a normal oxidation-reduction balance of the cell. The conclusion is that, depending on their intensity, microwaves can be either beneficial to health or be a factor of oxidative stress.

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PMID: 

In Vivo. 2001 Nov-Dec;15(6):489-94. PMID: 11887334

Abstract Title: 

In vivo modulation of ETS genes induced by electromagnetic fields.

Abstract: 

We have previously shown that electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure induces ETS1 oncogene overexpression in different cell lines. In order to investigate in vivo EMF effects, BALB/c mice were exposed at different times to 50 MHz radiation, modulated (80%) at 16 Hz. The exposed and control animals were sacrificed and the spleen excised for rt-pcr and western blot analysis. We observed an increase in ETS1 mRNA and protein expression, but a decrease in ETS2 protein levels. Preliminary results from this experimental model show in vivo evidence of the effect of EMF on ETS oncogene expression.

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PMID: 

Physiol Behav. 2004 Oct 15 ;82(5):785-9. PMID: 15451642

Abstract Title: 

Interaction of microwaves and a temporally incoherent magnetic field on spatial learning in the rat.

Abstract: 

The effect of a temporally incoherent magnetic field ('noise') on microwave-induced spatial learning deficit in the rat was investigated. Rats were trained in six sessions to locate a submerged platform in a circular water maze. Four treatment groups of rats were studied: microwave-exposure (2450-MHz continuous-wave microwaves, power density 2 mW/cm(2), average whole-body specific absorption rate 1.2 W/kg), 'noise' exposure (60 mG), 'microwave+noise' exposure, and sham exposure. Animals were exposed to these conditions for 1 h immediately before each training session. One hour after the last training session, animals were tested in a 2-min probe trial in the maze during which the platform was removed. The time spent during the 2 min in the quadrant of the maze in which the platform had been located was scored. Results show that microwave-exposed rats had significant deficit in learning to locate the submerged platform when compared with the performance of the sham-exposed animals. Exposure to 'noise' alone did not significantly affect the performance of the animals (i.e., it was similar to that of the sham-exposed rats). However, simultaneous exposure to 'noise' significantly attenuated the microwave-induced spatial learning deficit (i.e. 'microwave+noise'-exposed rats learned significantly better than the microwave-exposed rats). During the probe trial, microwave-exposed animals spent significantly less time in the quadrant where the platform was located. However, response of the 'microwave+noise'-exposed animals was similar to that of the sham-exposed animals during the probe trial. Thus, simultaneous exposure to a temporally incoherent magnetic field blocks microwave-induced spatial learning and memory deficits in the rat.

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PMID: 

Biol Open. 2012 Sep 15 ;1(9):831-8. Epub 2012 Jul 9. PMID: 23213477

Abstract Title: 

Electromagnetic fields at 2.45 GHz trigger changes in heat shock proteins 90 and 70 without altering apoptotic activity in rat thyroid gland.

Abstract: 

Non-ionizing radiation at 2.45 GHz may modify the expression of genes that codify heat shock proteins (HSP) in the thyroid gland. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, we studied levels of HSP-90 and HSP-70. We also used hematoxilin eosin to look for evidence of lesions in the gland and applied the DAPI technique of fluorescence to search for evidence of chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation in the thyroid cells of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. Fifty-four rats were individually exposed for 30 min to 2.45 GHz radiation in a Gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell at different levels of non-thermal specific absorption rate (SAR), which was calculated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique. Ninety minutes after radiation, HSP-90 and HSP-70 had decreased significantly (P

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PMID: 

Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019 Aug 24. Epub 2019 Aug 24. PMID: 31454627

Abstract Title: 

The effect of high fat, high sugar, and combined high fat-high sugar diets on spatial learning and memory in rodents: A meta-analysis.

Abstract: 

Evidence from human and animal studies suggests that high-energy diets impair cognitive function. However, the conditions for such impairments are unclear as studies have differed in the type and duration of diet exposure as well as in the tasks used to assess deficits in cognition. Here, we focused on hippocampal-dependent tasks. We conducted separate meta-analyses of the results from rodent studies using: 1) different diets (high in fat, high in sugar, or high in both fat and sugar); and 2) different tasks to assess hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and memory (water maze, place recognition, radial arm maze, and spontaneous alternation). We focused on the effects of relatively short-term dietary manipulations and, therefore, restricted our analyses to studies that provided the diet for two months or less. The meta-analyses showed that each type of diet and task adversely affected performance, with the largest effect produced by exposure to a combined high fat-high sugar diet and the use of the radial arm maze to assess the effect of such diets on cognition.

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PMID: 

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2011 May ;21(5):262-5. PMID: 21575531

Abstract Title: 

Hypospermatogenesis and spermatozoa maturation arrest in rats induced by mobile phone radiation.

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVE: To determine the morphological changes induced by mobile phone radiation in the testis of Wistar albino rats.STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study.PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from April 2007 to June 2008.METHODOLOGY: Forty male Wistar albino rats were divided in three groups. First group of eight served as the control. The second group [group B, n=16] was exposed to mobile phone radiation for 30 minutes/day and the third group [group C, n=16] was exposed to mobile phone radiation for 60 minutes/day for a total period of 3 months. Morphological changes in the testes induced by mobile phone radiations were observed under a light microscope.RESULTS: Exposure to mobile phone radiation for 60 minutes/day caused 18.75% hypospermatogenesis and 18.75% maturation arrest in the testis of albino rats compared to matched controls. However, no abnormal findings were observed in albino rats that were exposed to mobile phone radiation for 30 minutes/day for a total period of 3 months.CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to mobile phone radiation can cause hypospermatogenesis and maturation arrest in the spermatozoa in the testis of Wistar albino rats.

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PMID: 

Neurobiol Dis. 2004 Dec ;17(3):445-54. PMID: 15571980

Abstract Title: 

Acute exposure to GSM 900-MHz electromagnetic fields induces glial reactivity and biochemical modifications in the rat brain.

Abstract: 

The worldwide proliferation of mobile phones raises the question of the effects of 900-MHz electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the brain. Using a head-only exposure device in the rat, we showed that a 15-min exposure to 900-MHz pulsed microwaves at a high brain-averaged power of 6 W/kg induced a strong glial reaction in the brain. This effect, which suggests neuronal damage, was particularly pronounced in the striatum. Moreover, we observed significant and immediate effects on the Kd and Bmax values of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and GABA(A) receptors as well as on dopamine transporters. Decrease of the amount of NMDA receptors at the postsynaptic membrane is also reported. Although we showed that the rat general locomotor behavior was not significantly altered on the short term, our results provide the first evidence for rapid cellular and molecular alterations in the rat brain after an acute exposure to high power GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) 900-MHz microwaves.

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PMID: 

Brain Res. 2001 Aug 31 ;912(1):33-46. PMID: 11520491

Abstract Title: 

Effects of radiofrequency exposure on the GABAergic system in the rat cerebellum: clues from semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry.

Abstract: 

The widespread use of cellular phones raises the problem of interaction of electromagnetic fields with the central nervous system (CNS). In order to measure these effects on neurotransmitter content in the CNS, we developed a protocol of neurotransmitter detection based on immunohistochemistry and image analysis. Gamma-vinyl-GABA (GVG), an inhibitor of the GABA-transaminase was injected in rats to increase GABA concentration in the CNS. The cellular GABA contents were then revealed by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantified by image analysis thanks to three parameters: optical density (O.D.), staining area, and number of positive cells. The increase in cerebellar GABA content induced by GVG 1200 mg/kg was reflected in these three parameters in the molecular and the granular layers. Therefore, control of immunohistochemistry parameters, together with appropriate image analysis, allowed both the location and the detection of variations in cellular neurotransmitter content. This protocol was used to investigate the effects of exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequencies on cerebellar GABA content. Both pulsed emission with a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4 W/kg and continuous emission with high SAR (32 W/kg) were tested. We observed a selective diminution of the stained processes area in the Purkinje cell layer after exposure to pulsed radiofrequency and, in addition, a decrease in O.D. in the three cell layers after exposure to continuous waves. Whether this effect is, at least partly, due to a local heating of the tissues is not known. Overall, it appears that high energetic radiofrequency exposure induces a diminution in cellular GABA content in the cerebellum.

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PMID: 

J Nutr Biochem. 2019 Jul 26 ;72:108215. Epub 2019 Jul 26. PMID: 31473508

Abstract Title: 

Interaction between high-fat diet and ethanol intake leads to changes on the fecal microbiome.

Abstract: 

It is known that high-fat diet and alcohol intake can modulate the gut microbiota and consequently affect physiological processes such as fat storage and conditional behavior. However, the effects of the interaction between high-fat diet, its withdrawal and ethanol intake in gut microbiota remain unclear. To address this question, we used an animal model in which C57BL/6 mice were fed on standard (AIN93G) or high-sugar and -butter (HSB) diet for 8 weeks. Then, a protocol of free choice between water and a 10% alcohol solution was introduced, and the HSB diet was replaced with AIN93G in two experimental groups. This model allowed us to distinguish the individual effects of HSB diet and ethanol, and the effects of its interaction on the microbiome. The interaction of those factors was the main driver in the structure changes of the fecal microbial community. HSB diet and ethanol consumption directly affected the abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phylum, and Clostridiaceae and Coriobacteriaceae family. On the other hand, we also showed that abundance of Bacteroidales_S24-7 family and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio were affected only by HSB diet consumption and that ethanol consumption was uniquely responsible for the bacterial translocation to the liver, indicating a breaking of the gut barrier. Finally, we also pointed out that the withdrawal of the HSB diet affects the preference for alcohol and shows a structural resilience in the fecal microbiome. These results highlight the importance of the gut microbiome modulation and its possible role on the phenotype developed by animals.

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PMID: 

Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2011 ;66(7):1237-45. PMID: 21876981

Abstract Title: 

The therapeutic effect of a pulsed electromagnetic field on the reproductive patterns of male Wistar rats exposed to a 2.45-GHz microwave field.

Abstract: 

INTRODUCTION: Environmental exposure to man-made electromagnetic fields has been steadily increasing with the growing demand for electronic items that are operational at various frequencies. Testicular function is particularly susceptible to radiation emitted by electromagnetic fields.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of a pulsed electromagnetic field (100 Hz) on the reproductive systems of male Wistar rats (70 days old).METHODS: The experiments were divided into five groups: microwave sham, microwave exposure (2.45 GHz), pulsed electromagnetic field sham, pulsed electromagnetic field (100 Hz) exposure, and microwave/pulsed electromagnetic field exposure. The animals were exposed for 2 hours/day for 60 days. After exposure, the animals were sacrificed, their sperm was used for creatine and caspase assays, and their serum was used for melatonin and testosterone assays.RESULTS: The results showed significant increases in caspase and creatine kinase and significant decreases in testosterone and melatonin in the exposed groups. This finding emphasizes that reactive oxygen species (a potential inducer of cancer) are the primary cause of DNA damage. However, pulsed electromagnetic field exposure relieves the effect of microwave exposure by inducing Faraday currents.CONCLUSIONS: Electromagnetic fields are recognized as hazards that affect testicular function by generating reactive oxygen species and reduce the bioavailability of androgen to maturing spermatozoa. Thus, microwave exposure adversely affects male fertility, whereas pulsed electromagnetic field therapy is a non-invasive, simple technique that can be used as a scavenger agent to combat oxidative stress.

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