PMID: 

Pathophysiology. 2010 Jun ;17(3):179-87. Epub 2009 Dec 1. PMID: 19954937

Abstract Title: 

Whole body exposure with GSM 900MHz affects spatial memory in mice.

Abstract: 

Extended work has been performed worldwide on the effects of mobile phone radiation upon rats' cognitive functions, however there is great controversy to the existence or not of deficits. The present work has been designed in order to test the effects of mobile phone radiation on spatial learning and memory in mice Mus musculus Balb/c using the Morris water maze (a hippocampal-dependent spatial memory task), since there is just one other study on mice with very low SAR level (0.05W/kg) showing no effects. We have applied a 2h daily dose of pulsed GSM 900MHz radiation from commercially available mobile phone for 4 days at SAR values ranging from 0.41 to 0.98W/kg. Statistical analysis revealed that during learning, exposed animals showed a deficit in transferring the acquired spatial information across training days (increased escape latency and distance swam, compared to the sham-exposed animals, on the first trial of training days 2-4). Moreover, during the memory probe-trial sham-exposed animals showed the expected preference for the target quadrant, while the exposed animals showed no preference, indicating that the exposed mice had deficits in consolidation and/or retrieval of the learned spatial information. Our results provide a basis for more thorough investigations considering reports on non-thermal effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs).

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PMID: 

Occup Environ Med. 2017 08 ;74(8):578-585. Epub 2017 Mar 29. PMID: 28356332

Abstract Title: 

Occupational exposure and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a prospective cohort.

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively study suspected occupational risk factors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).METHODS: For this case-cohort analysis within the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study, 58 279 men and 62 573 women aged 55-69 years at enrolment in 1986 were followed up for 17.3 years on ALS mortality. Information on occupational history and potential confounders were collected at baseline through a self-administered questionnaire and entered for a random subcohort (2092 men and 2074 women) and ALS deaths (76 men and 60 women). Occupational exposure to solvents, pesticides, metals, extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) and electrical shocks was estimated by means of job exposure matrices (JEMs). Associations between ever/never occupationally exposed and cumulativeexposure and ALS mortality were analysed by gender using Cox regression.RESULTS: Occupational exposure to ELF-MF showed a possible association with ALS mortality among men: HR for ever holding a job with high exposure versus background 2.19 (95% (CI): 1.02 to 4.73) and HR for the highest tertile of cumulative exposure versus background 1.93 (95% CI 1.05 to 3.55).INTERPRETATION: These results strengthen the evidence suggesting a positive association between ELF-MF exposure and ALS. We did not replicate earlier positive findings for other occupational exposures.

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PMID: 

J Radiat Res. 2008 Nov ;49(6):579-86. Epub 2008 Sep 29. PMID: 18827438

Abstract Title: 

Melatonin reduces oxidative stress induced by chronic exposure of microwave radiation from mobile phones in rat brain.

Abstract: 

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the intensity of oxidative stress in the brain of animals chronically exposed to mobile phones and potential protective effects of melatonin in reducing oxidative stress and brain injury.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were performed on Wistar rats exposed to microwave radiation during 20, 40 and 60 days. Four groups were formed: I group (control)- animals treated by saline, intraperitoneally (i.p.) applied daily during follow up, II group (Mel)- rats treated daily with melatonin (2 mg kg(-1) body weight i.p.), III group (MWs)- microwave exposed rats, IV group (MWs + Mel)- MWs exposed rats treated with melatonin (2 mg kg(-1) body weight i.p.). The microwave radiation was produced by a mobile test phone (SAR = 0.043-0.135 W/kg).RESULTS: A significant increase in the brain tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl group concentration was registered during exposure. Decreased activity of catalase (CAT) and increased activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) remained after 40 and 60 days of exposure to mobile phones. Melatonin treatment significantly prevented the increase in the MDA content and XO activity in the brain tissue after 40 days of exposure while it was unable to prevent the decrease of CAT activity and increase of carbonyl group contents.CONCLUSION: We demonstrated two important findings; that mobile phones caused oxidative damage biochemically by increasing the levels of MDA, carbonyl groups, XO activity and decreasing CAT activity; and that treatment with the melatonin significantly prevented oxidative damage in the brain.

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PMID: 

Adv Ther. 2006 Nov-Dec;23(6):957-73. PMID: 17276964

Abstract Title: 

Endometrial apoptosis induced by a 900-MHz mobile phone: preventive effects of vitamins E and C.

Abstract: 

Numerous reports have described the effects induced by an electromagnetic field (EMF) in various cellular systems. The purposes of this study were to examine oxidative stress that promotes production of reactive oxygen species induced by a 900-megahertz (MHz) mobile phone and the possible ameliorating effects of vitamins E and C on endometrial tissue against EMF-induced endometrial impairment and apoptosis in rats. Animals were randomly grouped as follows: (1) sham-operated control group (n=8), (2) 900 MHz EMF-exposed group (n=8; 30 min/d for 30 d), and (3) 900 MHz EMF-exposed group, treated with vitamins E and C (n=8; 50 mg/kg intramuscularly and 20 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally before daily EMF exposure). Malondialdehyde (an index of lipid peroxidation) was used as a marker of oxidative stress-induced endometrial impairment; Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-8 were assessed immunohistochemically. In this study, increased malondialdehyde levels in endometrial tissue and apoptosis illustrated the role of the oxidative mechanism induced by exposure to a 900-MHz mobile phone-like device and vitamins E and C; via free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties, oxidative tissue injury and apoptosis were ameliorated in rat endometrium. In conclusion, exposure to 900-MHz radiation emitted by mobile phones may cause endometrial apoptosis and oxidative stress, but treatment with vitamins E and C can diminish these changes and may have a beneficial effect in preventing endometrial changes in rats.

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PMID: 

Reprod Toxicol. 2006 Jul ;22(1):111-7. Epub 2006 Jan 24. PMID: 16434166

Abstract Title: 

Effect of whole-body 1800MHz GSM-like microwave exposure on testicular steroidogenesis and histology in mice.

Abstract: 

The aim of our study was to evaluate the possible effects of whole-body 1800 MHz GSM-like microwave exposure on male reproduction. After repeated exposure of mice to microwaves at 0.018-0.023 W/kg whole-body specific energy absorption rate (SAR) an elevated serum testosterone level was measured, but no microwave exposure related histopathological alteration could be detected in the reproductive organs. The in vitro steroidogenic response of 48 h Leydig cell cultures obtained from exposed animals did not differ from the controls, suggesting that Leydig cells were not the primary targets of the applied microwave exposure or direct action of microwaves on Leydig cells was temporary only. In exposed animals the red blood cell count and volume of packed red cells were also increased. Further investigations are required to clarify the mechanism of action of the applied microwave exposure on male mice, as well as to establish the biological significance of the observed phenomena.

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PMID: 

Neurol Sci. 2013 Feb ;34(2):157-64. Epub 2012 Feb 24. PMID: 22362331

Abstract Title: 

Effects of long-term electromagnetic field exposure on spatial learning and memory in rats.

Abstract: 

With the development of communications industry, mobile phone plays an important role in daily life. Whether or not the electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile phone causes any adverse effects on brain function has become of a great concern. This paper investigated the effect of electromagnetic field on spatial learning and memory in rats. 32 trained Wistar rats were divided into two groups: exposure group and control group. The exposure group was exposed to 916 MHz, 10w/m2 mobile phone electromagnetic field (EMF) 6 h a day, 5 days a week, 10 weeks. The completion time, number of total errors and the neuron discharge signals were recorded while the rats were searching for food in an eight-arm radial maze at every weekend. The neuron signals of one exposed rat and one control rat in the maze were obtained by the implanted microelectrode arrays in their hippocampal regions. It can be seen that during the weeks 4-5 of the experiment, the average completion time and error rate of the exposure group were longer and larger than that of control group (p

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PMID: 

Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2011 Mar ;40(2):223-6. PMID: 21560316

Abstract Title: 

[Effect of microwave radiation on the rat hematopoietic system].

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVE: Discuss the effect degree and phase of microwave radiation on the hematopoietic system in rats, and to provide basis for human health life.METHODS: Use the methods of blood cell analysis and Wright-Gimsa stain to analyse the peripheral blood cell and marrow smear of the different time (1d, 7d and 14d) Wistar rats that exposured by different radiation dose.RESULTS: Compare with the untreated control group, various cell parameters of blood in the microwave radiation rats had different changes, and their marrow smear was obviously destroyed;especially the group treated with 200 mW/cm2 microwave exposure had more significant change at seven-day. For the 14d group,the other hematological parameters all return to control except WBC, LY#, MID# and N# increase,PLT and PCT remain lower.CONCLUSION: Microwave radiation can influence hematological system of rats, and with the radiation dose increased, the effect is more significant.

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PMID: 

Sci Total Environ. 2009 Oct 15 ;407(21):5543-7. Epub 2009 Aug 13. PMID: 19682728

Abstract Title: 

Mobile phone radiation inhibits Vigna radiata (mung bean) root growth by inducing oxidative stress.

Abstract: 

During the last couple of decades, there has been a tremendous increase in the use of cell phones. It has significantly added to the rapidly increasing EMF smog, an unprecedented type of pollution consisting of radiation in the environment, thereby prompting the scientists to study the effects on humans. However, not many studies have been conducted to explore the effects of cell phone EMFr on growth and biochemical changes in plants. We investigated whether EMFr from cell phones inhibit growth of Vigna radiata (mung bean) through induction of conventional stress responses. Effects of cell phone EMFr (power density: 8.55 microW cm(-2); 900 MHz band width; for 1/2, 1, 2, and 4 h) were determined by measuring the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in terms of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) content, root oxidizability and changes in levels of antioxidant enzymes. Our results showed that cell phone EMFr significantly inhibited the germination (at>or =2 h), and radicle and plumule growths (>or =1 h) in mung bean in a time-dependent manner. Further, cell phone EMFr enhanced MDA content (indicating lipid peroxidation), and increased H(2)O(2) accumulation and root oxidizability in mung bean roots, thereby inducing oxidative stress and cellular damage. In response to EMFr, there was a significant upregulation in the activities of scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutases, ascorbate peroxidases, guaiacol peroxidases, catalases and glutathione reductases, in mung bean roots. The study concluded that cell phone EMFr inhibit root growth of mung bean by inducing ROS-generated oxidative stress despite increased activities of antioxidant enzymes.

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PMID: 

Biol Trace Elem Res. 2009 Dec ;132(1-3):153-63. PMID: 19396408

Abstract Title: 

Effects of selenium and L-carnitine on oxidative stress in blood of rat induced by 2.45-GHz radiation from wireless devices.

Abstract: 

The levels of blood lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, and vitamin C were used to follow the level of oxidative damage caused by 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation in rats. The possible protective effects of selenium and L-carnitine were also tested and compared to untreated controls. Thirty male Wistar Albino rats were equally divided into five groups, namely Groups A1 and A2: controls and sham controls, respectively; Group B: EMR; Group C: EMR + selenium, Group D: EMR + L-carnitine. Groups B–D were exposed to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation during 60 min/ day for 28 days. The lipid peroxidation levels in plasma and erythrocytes were significantly higher in group B than in groups A1 and A2 (p

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PMID: 

Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2009 Nov ;280(5):729-33. Epub 2009 Feb 25. PMID: 19241083

Abstract Title: 

The effects of microwave emitted by cellular phones on ovarian follicles in rats.

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there were any toxic effects of microwaves of cellular phones on ovaries in rats.METHODS: In this study, 82 female pups of rats, aged 21 days (43 in the study group and 39 in the control group) were used. Pregnant rats in the study group were exposed to mobile phones that were placed beneath the polypropylene cages during the whole period of pregnancy. The cage was free from all kinds of materials, which could affect electromagnetic fields. A mobile phone in a standby position for 11 h and 45 min was turned on to speech position for 15 min every 12 h and the battery was charged continuously. On the 21st day after the delivery, the female rat pups were killed and the right ovaries were removed. The volumes of the ovaries were measured and the number of follicles in every tenth section was counted.RESULTS: The analysis revealed that in the study group, the number of follicles was lower than that in the control group. The decreased number of follicles in pups exposed to mobile phone microwaves suggest that intrauterine exposure has toxic effects on ovaries.CONCLUSION: We suggest that the microwaves of mobile phones might decrease the number of follicles in rats by several known and, no doubt, countless unknown mechanisms.

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