PMID: 

Heliyon. 2019 Jun ;5(6):e01942. Epub 2019 Jun 15. PMID: 31245650

Abstract Title: 

Evaluation of the synergistic effects of antioxidant activity on mixtures of the essential oil fromL.,L. andL. using simplex-lattice design.

Abstract: 

Essential oils (EOs) are known for their antioxidant properties, and are widely employed in the food industry as preservatives. They can be used as condiments or as preservatives to achieve certain organoleptic effects for consumers. The aim of this research was to evaluate antioxidant activity in mixtures of three EOs:L.L. andL., using the Simplex Lattice Mixture Design. Ultimately, a linear model was used, as it best adjusted to the experimental behavior, and it allowed the prediction of EOs mixtures antioxidant activity, determined by FRAP and ABTS techniques. The mixture of the three EOs that showed the best antioxidant activity and also had the highest synergistic effect, was composed of 66.7% of, 16.7% ofand 16.7% of. The greatest contribution to the potentiation of antioxidant activity was shown byfollowed byand then.

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PMID: 

Trop Med Int Health. 2005 Nov ;10(11):1190-8. PMID: 16262746

Abstract Title: 

Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L., compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions.

Abstract: 

In our search for new bioactive products against mosquito vectors, we reported the slightly larvicidal and adulticidal potency, but remarkable repellency of Apium graveolens both in laboratory and field conditions. Repellency of the ethanolic preparation of hexane-extracted A. graveolens was, therefore, investigated and compared with those of 15 commercial mosquito repellents including the most widely used, DEET. Hexane-extracted A. graveolens showed a significant degree of repellency in a dose-dependent manner with vanillin added. Ethanolic A. graveolens formulations (10-25% with and without vanillin) provided 2-5 h protection against female Aedes aegypti. Repellency that derived from the most effective repellent, 25% of hexane-extracted A. graveolens with the addition of 5% vanillin, was comparable to the value obtained from 25% of DEET with 5% vanillin added. Moreover, commercial repellents, except formulations of DEET, showed lower repellency than that of A. graveolens extract. When applied on human skin under field conditions, the hexane-extracted A. graveolens plus 5% vanillin showed a strong repellent action against a wide range of mosquito species belonging to various genera. It had a protective effect against Aedes gardnerii, Aedes lineatopennis, Anopheles barbirostris, Armigeres subalbatus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex gelidus, Culex vishnui group and Mansonia uniformis. The hexane-extracted A. graveolens did not cause a burning sensation or dermal irritation when applied to human skin. No adverse effects were observed on the skin or other parts of the human volunteers' body during 6 months of the study period or in the following 3 months, after which time observations ceased. Therefore, A. graveolens can be a potential candidate for use in the development of commercial repellents that may be an alternative to conventional synthetic chemicals, particularly in community vector control applications.

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PMID: 

Food Funct. 2014 Jan ;5(1):50-6. PMID: 24232123

Abstract Title: 

In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of a flavonoid isolated from celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce).

Abstract: 

In the present article, a flavonoid was separated and purified from celery leaf through ethanol extraction, column chromatography and crystallization. The product was identified as apiin by LC/ESI-MS, and its antioxidant activities were evaluated in vitro, including by 1,1-diphenl-2-picrylhyrazyl free radical (DPPH˙), superoxide radical (O2(-)˙) and hydroxyl radical (OH˙) scavenging assays. IC50 values were 68.0 μg ml(-1) in the DPPH assay, 0.39 mg ml(-1) in the O2(-)˙ assay and 48.0 μg ml(-1) in the OH˙ assay. The antioxidant activities were investigated in vivo with the use of mice models. All data were measured including the contents of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) and lipofuscin (LPF), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and the total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), in the serum, brain, heart, liver and kidney. Results showed that apiin had a remarkable scavenging activity on MDA and LPF, promoted TAOC and significantly enhanced the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT.

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PMID: 

Phytomedicine. 2002 May ;9(4):312-8. PMID: 12120812

Abstract Title: 

Antioxidant, cyclooxygenase and topoisomerase inhibitory compounds from Apium graveolens Linn. seeds.

Abstract: 

Cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant bioassay-directed extraction and purification of celery seeds yielded sedanolide (1), senkyunolide-N (2), senkyunolide-J (3), 3-hydroxymethyl-6-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-ol (4), L-tryptophan (6), and 7-[3-(3,4-dihydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yloxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-chromen-4-one (7). The structures of compounds 1-7 were determined using spectroscopic methods. Compound 4 is reported here for the first time. At 250 pg ml(-1), compounds 1-4, 6 and 7 displayed prostaglandin H endoperoxide synthase-I (COX-I) and prostaglandin H endoperoxide synthase-II (COX-II) inhibitory activities at pH 7. The acetylated product (5) of compound 4 also inhibited COX-I and COX-II enzymes when tested at 250 microg ml(-1). Compounds 6 and 7 exhibited good antioxidant activity at concentrations of 125 and 250 microg ml(-1). Only compounds 1-3 exhibited topoisomerase-I and -II enzyme inhibitory activity at concentrations of 100, 200 and 200 microg ml(-1), respectively.

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PMID: 

J Diet Suppl. 2019 ;16(2):193-206. Epub 2018 Apr 6. PMID: 29624455

Abstract Title: 

Assessment of Antihyperlipidemic and Antitumor Effect of Isolated Active Phytoconstituents from Apium graveolens L. through Bioassay-Guided Procedures.

Abstract: 

The seeds of A. graveolens yielded coumarin derivatives such as seselin, methoxsalen, and 3H-isobenzofuran-1-one through chromatographic separation techniques. The structure of the components has been established on the basis of spectral data analysis. The present study was undertaken to explore the antihyperlipidemic and antitumor effects of ethanolic extract and phytoconstituents of A. graveolens in rodents. Albino rats were administered intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of Triton WR 1339 for the induction of hyperlipidemia at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. After 24 h of Triton administration, the test drugs were administered orally at dose of 50 mg/kg body weight in rats. The extract and isolated components were further investigated for the tumor take inhibitory activity in hybrid mice (of C57BL strain + Swiss albino strain). Preventive group animals were injected daily with the extract and isolated components at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight i.p. for 10 consecutive days. The animals were observed for the growth of tumor after injection of B16F10 melanoma cells into the dorsal skin of mice. The study showed significant reduction in total cholesterol (p

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PMID: 

J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Jun 12 ;237:300-306. Epub 2019 Mar 20. PMID: 30904704

Abstract Title: 

Antiadhesive phthalides from Apium graveolens fruits against uropathogenic E. coli.

Abstract: 

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Fruits of Apium graveolens (celery) are used traditionally in Persian and European medicine for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections.AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aimed at identifying potential antiadhesive compounds from celery extracts to provide strategies for improved standardization of the herbal material.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Decoction, hydroalcoholic and acetone extracts were prepared from celery fruits. Bioassay-guided fractionation was performed by Fast Centrifugal Partition Chromatography and preparative HPLC, followed by LC-MS and NMR investigations for structure elucidation. The antiadhesive activity of extracts, fractions and purified compounds was assessed by flow cytometry, evaluating the adhesion of fluorescent-labelled uropathogenic bacteria (UPEC NU14) to T24 bladder cells; mannose served as positive control. Influence of the extract on gene expression of selected adhesins and fitness genes was monitored by qPCR.RESULTS: Concentration-dependent antiadhesive activity was found for the hydroalcoholic and even more for the acetone extract AE (IC85 μg/mL) from celery fruits. Bioassay-guided fractionation revealed the presence of the phthalides senkyunolide (1, inactive) and sedanenolide (2, IC790 μM). 2 is assessed as the main antiadhesive compound, which accounts for 4.0% in the water extract, for 18% in the hydroethanolic extract and for 71% in AE. Additionally a similar phthalide, Z-ligustilide (5), was shown to exert an ICof 611 μM. Furthermore, AE caused a significant upregulation of fimH and sfaG in free floating, non-attached UPEC and significantly down-regulated these genes in adherent bacteria.CONCLUSIONS: Phthalides were identified as the main active compounds in polar and semi-polar extracts, which exert strong antiadhesive activity against uropathogenic E. coli. The current findings support the traditional use in phytotherapy for urinary tract infections and provide a base for standardization of the herbal material.

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PMID: 

Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2016 Jun ;21(2):79-84. Epub 2016 Jun 30. PMID: 27390722

Abstract Title: 

Effects of Apium graveolens Extract on the Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rats.

Abstract: 

Apium graveolens Linn. (Apiaceae) is an indigenous plant of the North and South Americas, Southern Europe, and Asia and has been widely used as a food or a traditional medicine for treatment of inflammation and arthritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of a methanolic extract of A. graveolens (AGE) against liver oxidative stress in an adjuvant-induced arthritic rat model. The AGE (250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg) was given orally for 24 consecutive days after induction by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant. Liver and spleen weights were recorded. The superoxide anion level, total peroxide (TP), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total antioxidant status, and oxidative stress index (OSI) were also measured. AGE treatment significantly decreased the levels of the superoxide anion, TP, and OSI whereas the GPx and SOD activities significantly increased in the liver of the arthritic rats. These results indicated that AGE showed an ameliorative effect against liver oxidative stress in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats by reducing the generation of liver free radicals and increasing the liver antioxidant enzyme activity.

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PMID: 

Pak J Pharm Sci. 2015 Sep ;28(5):1699-704. PMID: 26408890

Abstract Title: 

In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of Apium graveolens.

Abstract: 

The present study evaluates the phytochemical screenings, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial assay of Apium graveolens L. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins and steroids in Apium graveolens while terpenoids was absent. The total phenolic content was slightly higher in methanolic fraction (63.46± 12.00 mg GAE/g) followed by ethanol (36.60 ± 12.28 mg GAE/g) and hexane fractions (34.86 ± 6.96 mg GAE/g). The flavonoid content was high in methanolic extract (56.95 ± 7.14 mg Quorcetin/g) and low level of the content was found in methylated spirit extract (29.2 ± 3.15 mg Quercitin/g). Antioxidant activity assayed by FRAP was higher in methanolic fraction (12.48 ± 1.06 mmole of FeSO₄equivalent/litre of extract) compared with other extracts. Likewise, good antimicrobial activity was measured by crude ethanol fraction against S. aureus (MIC=0.12 ± 0.03 μg/ml) and S. typhi (MIC= 0.5± 0.2 μg/ml). Results also that ethanolic fraction was effective against A. flavus (MIC= 05 ± 1.0 μg/ml).

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PMID: 

J Complement Integr Med. 2017 Oct 6 ;15(2). Epub 2017 Oct 6. PMID: 28985183

Abstract Title: 

The effect of celery (Apium graveolens L.) on fertility: A systematic review.

Abstract: 

Background Fertility and infertility problems are among the complex issues in medicine. The use of herbal products in the treatment of fertility has been considered as an alternative to synthetic drugs. Celery containing known compounds can have an impact on the fertility rate. The aim of this study was to do a systematic review on conducted studies in conjunction with the celery and reproduction. Methods Required papers were searched from databases like Science direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Springer. Keywords used in this study were"Apium graveolens L.","fertility","reproductive system","sperm","testis","delivery","sexual hormone","LH","FSH","testosterone","semen","male", and"female". Out of 238 collected articles (published in the period 1995 to 2015), 222 were excluded due to non-relevance and lack of access to the original article. Results The notable points were the different results seen by different researchers during different treatment periods or at different doses. Of the 16 studies reviewed in this study, 13 studies have mentioned the positive effect of celery on fertility, while three studies reported the inhibitory effects of this plant. Conclusions Celery can have protective effects against substances such as sodium valproate, propylene glycol, and diethyl phthalate causing damages to the testicular structure and spermatogenesis. In this regard, the doses used and the treatment time while using the plant must be accurately investigated. Since there are compounds such as apigenin, the celery can induce inhibitory effects on fertility in case of chronic use or high concentration.

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PMID: 

Front Public Health. 2016 ;4:193. Epub 2016 Sep 7. PMID: 27656641

Abstract Title: 

The Use of Signal-Transduction and Metabolic Pathways to Predict Human Disease Targets from Electric and Magnetic Fields Using in vitro Data in Human Cell Lines.

Abstract: 

Using in vitro data in human cell lines, several research groups have investigated changes in gene expression in cellular systems following exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) and radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF). For ELF EMF, we obtained five studies with complete microarray data and three studies with only lists of significantly altered genes. Likewise, for RF EMF, we obtained 13 complete microarray datasets and 5 limited datasets. Plausible linkages between exposure to ELF and RF EMF and human diseases were identified using a three-step process: (a) linking genes associated with classes of human diseases to molecular pathways, (b) linking pathways to ELF and RF EMF microarray data, and (c) identifying associations between human disease and EMF exposures where the pathways are significantly similar. A total of 60 pathways were associated with human diseases, mostly focused on basic cellular functions like JAK-STAT signaling or metabolic functions like xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes. ELF EMF datasets were sporadically linked to human diseases, but no clear pattern emerged. Individual datasets showed some linkage to cancer, chemical dependency, metabolic disorders, and neurological disorders. RF EMF datasets were not strongly linked to any disorders but strongly linked to changes in several pathways. Based on these analyses, the most promising area for further research would be to focus on EMF and neurological function and disorders.

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