PMID: 

Mayo Clin Proc. 2019 Sep ;94(9):1852-1864. Epub 2019 Aug 23. PMID: 31451292

Abstract Title: 

Exercise Counteracts the Cardiotoxicity of Psychosocial Stress.

Abstract: 

Physical inactivity and psychosocial stress are prevalent in residents of the United States. The purpose of this article is to review the interaction between these 2 conditions and examine the effects of exercise on stress and cardiovascular (CV) health. A query of scientific references between 1974 to 2018 was performed using the PubMed search engine accessing the MEDLINE database using the search terms psychosocial stress, CV disease (CVD), physical activity, exercise, cardiac rehabilitation, and team sports. Psychosocial stress is a strong independent risk factor for adverse CV events. Conversely, people who experience CV events subsequently have drastically elevated rates of new-onset mental health disorders, including depression and anxiety. Psychosocial stress and CVD often trigger self-reinforcing feedback loops that can worsen mental health and cardiac prognosis. Exercise predictably improves CV health and prognosis and also is effective at lowering levels of psychosocial stress. Group exercise in particular seems to provide social support while at the same time boosting fitness levels and, thus, may be the single most important intervention for patients with concomitant CVD and emotional stress. Collaborative physical activity, such as group exercise, team sports, interactive physical play, and cardiac rehabilitation programs, have the potential to improve mental health and CV prognosis.

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PMID: 

Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019 Jul 15 ;7(13):2057-2061. Epub 2019 Jul 12. PMID: 31456825

Abstract Title: 

Physical Exercise Increased Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Elderly Population with Depression.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Depression is very common in the elderly population. Physical exercise is one of the non-pharmacological procedures that promise to be a solution to improve the severity of depression. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) plays a role in maintaining the survival of neuronal cells and in the regulation of synapse plasticity, affecting serotonin production in the hippocampus and thus the depressive symptoms.AIM: This study aimed to assess the role of physical exercise in affecting BDNF levels in elderly with depression.METHODS: Thirty-five elderly women (age≥ 50 years) with depressive episodes based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-V criteria were enrolled as treatment group, and 35 elderly women without depressive episodes were enrolled as control group, and underwent physical exercise in the form of treadmill with a speed of 6 km/h for 15 minutes. Physical exercise was carried out once a day for 28 days. As much as 1 ml of blood from the study, subjects were obtained from the cubital vein before the exercise commenced. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) serum level was assessed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data were presented in the form of mean ± SD. An independent T-test was used to test levels after exercise in the depression group compared to the non-depression group.RESULTS: Pre-exercise BDNF levels in the depression group were lower than the group of elderly without depression. Physical exercise increased BDNF production in both elderly groups with and without depression. In the depression group, the increasing percentage of BDNF level was higher compared to non-depressive elderly.CONCLUSION: The increasing percentage of BDNF level was found to be higher in depressive elderly performing physical exercise. Physical exercise may be beneficial in supporting the therapy of elderly with depression.

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PMID: 

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2019 ;119(7):112-119. PMID: 31464298

Abstract Title: 

[Exercise for depression treatment. Physiological mechanisms].

Abstract: 

This literature review considers meta-analyzes, systematic reviews and original research over the last decade addressing a comprehensive analysis of the antidepressant effect of targeted physical exercise and physical activity in general. Exercise is a promising non-pharmacological treatment for depression, showing effects that are comparable or may even exceed other first-line treatments of depression. The article introduces modern ideas about the mechanisms of depression and mechanisms of exercise effects on depression manifestations. The structures of the central nervous system, changing with the effective exercise-based treatment of depression, are indicated. Physical activity stimulates the secretion of growth factors, maintenance of angio-, synapto-, and neurogenesis. The regulation of antioxidant protection of neuronal mitochondria, a decrease in pro-inflammatory reactions and stress reactivity are also observed in response to regular exercise. Physical activity has a multimodal effect that stimulates biochemical pathways and restores neuronal structures disturbed in depression.

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PMID: 

Biol Trace Elem Res. 2019 Jul 29. Epub 2019 Jul 29. PMID: 31359333

Abstract Title: 

Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead Erythrocyte Concentrations in Men with a High, Moderate and Low Level of Physical Training.

Abstract: 

The aim of the present study was to determine changes occurring in the erythrocyte concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in highly trained males, moderately trained males and sedentary men living in the same area of Extremadura (Spain). Thirty sedentary subjects (24.34 ± 3.02 years) with no sports practice and a less active lifestyle formed the control group (CG). Twenty-four moderately trained subjects (23.53 ± 1.85 years), who practised sports at a moderate level between 4 and 7 h/week, without any performance objective and without following any type of systematic training, formed the group of subjects with a moderate degree of training (MTG). And 22 professional cyclists (23.29 ± 2.73 years) at the beginning of their sports season, who trained for more than 20 h/week formed the high-level training group (HTG). Erythrocyte samples fromall subjects in a fasting stage were collected, washed and frozen at -80 °C until analysis. Erythrocyte analysis of the trace elements As, Cd and Pb was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). As concentration was lower in CG (p 

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PMID: 

Drugs. 2019 Aug 19. Epub 2019 Aug 19. PMID: 31429065

Abstract Title: 

Prevention of Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Abstract: 

PURPOSE: Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CIA) is a serious adverse event that affects 20-40% of exposed patients, despite any implemented precaution to avoid it. The aim of this work was therefore to identify a relevant nephroprotective method for CIA.METHODS: We searched Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science from 1 January 1978 to 1 June 2018, without language restriction. All studies (observational and interventional) assessing a CIA prevention method for adults receiving at least one course of cisplatin were eligible. The primary outcome was acute nephrotoxicity, as defined by the AKI-KDIGO classification (2012). The odds ratio and corresponding 95% confidence interval were used to assess the associations. We used narrative synthesis in case of heterogeneity regarding intervention, population, or outcome. When possible, a random-effects model was used to pool studies. The heterogeneity between studies was quantified (I), and multiple meta-regressions were carried out to identify potential confounders.RESULTS: Within 4520 eligible studies, 51 articles fulfilling the selection criteria were included in the review, assessing 21 different prevention methods. A meta-analysis could only be performed on the 15 observational studies concerning magnesium supplementation (1841 patients), and showed a significant nephroprotective effect for all combined grades of CIA (OR 0.24, [0.19-0.32], I = 0.0%). This significant nephroprotective effect was also observed for grades 2 and 3 CIA (OR 0.22, [0.14-0.33], I = 0.0% and OR 0.25, [0.08-0.76], I = 0.0%, respectively).CONCLUSION: While no method of prevention had so far demonstrated its indisputable efficacy, our results highlight the potential protective effect of magnesium supplementation on cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity.TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered in PROSPERO, CRD42018090612.

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PMID: 

Hum Exp Toxicol. 2019 Sep 8:960327119874428. Epub 2019 Sep 8. PMID: 31496303

Abstract Title: 

Magnesium supplementation ameliorates toxic effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in rat model.

Abstract: 

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is an extensively used herbicide in the field of agriculture, its ever-escalating use induces toxicity, health effects, and environmental impact. Oxidative stress plays a key role in pathogenesis of 2,4-D-induced liver and kidney damage. Magnesium (Mg) is a highly effective antioxidant agent in restoring oxidative damage by directly influencing the metabolic and physiological processes. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate Mg role in ameliorating the oxidative damages provoked by 2,4-D in rat model. Male Wistar rats (180-220 g) were distributed into four groups and treated intragastrically for 4 weeks. Group 1: control, group 2: 2,4-D (150 mg/kg body weight/day), group 3: simultaneously treated with 2,4-D (150 mg/kg body weight/day) and Mg supplement (50 mg/kg body weight/day), and group 4: Mg supplement (50 mg/kg body weight/day). Under experimental conditions, plasma hepatic and renal biomarkers, tissue oxidative status, and antioxidant enzymes activities were investigated. Results demonstrated that 2,4-D intoxication caused hepatic and renal impairments as indicated by the significantly increased (

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PMID: 

Psychiatr Danub. 2019 Sep ;31(Suppl 3):221-226. PMID: 31488730

Abstract Title: 

Serum Vitamin D and Magnesium levels in a psychiatric cohort.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Both Vitamin D deficiency and magnesium deficiency have an increased prevalence and have been associated with an increased risk of and increased severity of symptoms in both depression and schizophrenia (Boerman 2016, Tarleton&Littenberg 2015). This effect appears more pronounced in younger populations and is often apparent from the time of initial diagnosis and is present with adjustment for confounding factors. Thus, the evidence suggests that Vitamin D and magnesium deficiency reflects not only dietary or somatic aspects of health but also may have a role in the pathophysiology of depression and schizophrenia.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A single site audit of serum Vitamin D and magnesium levels in patients at an Acute Day Treatment Unit was carried out. Blood tests were performed on admission and analysed in house. Data were collected between April – June 2019 and was analysed subsequently, as described below (n=73).RESULTS: Our data show that our psychiatric day treatment unit cohort (n=73) had a higher proportion of vitamin D deficiency (52%) than the general population (40%), although due to the limited sample size this was not significant (p=0.22, Chi-squared test). The percentage of patients who were magnesium deficient was 78.6% (n=22/28). However, the F60 subgroup of patients with personality disorders showed a high prevalence of vit D deficiency (p=0.07), highlighting a trend towards significance despite the limited size of this subgroup.CONCLUSIONS: We carried out a single-site audit of serum vitamin D and magnesium levels in a psychiatric day unit population in order to assess the extent of vitamin deficiency in such patients. These data indicate that that the proportion of patients with vitamin D deficiency is higher than in the general population. Further larger analysis is needed to establish the statistical significance of these data and whether treatment with vitamin D supplementation improves outcomes.

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PMID: 

J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2019 Apr-Jun;31(2):226-229. PMID: 31094121

Abstract Title: 

Association Between Low Serum Magnesium Level And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Abbottabad.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Magnesium serves as a cofactor for various oxidation reactions in the body and helps in glucose transport across cell membrane. Deficiency of magnesium is a common electrolyte abnormality in type 2 diabetic patients and is linked to development of various diabetic complications. This study was conducted to determine the association between low serum magnesium level and type 2 diabetes mellitus presenting at Medical B ward, BBS Hospital Abbottabad.METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted over a period of 6 months starting July 1, 2017. One hundred&eighty diagnosed diabetic patients aged at least 40 years, were included in the study. Their serum magnesium level was checked after withdrawing blood under strict aseptic conditions. Fasting&random blood glucose and the level of glycosylated haemoglobin were measured and age, gender, duration of illness were recorded on a proforma.RESULTS: Sixty-one patients (33.89%) had hypomagnesemia. There was no significant association between hypomagnesemia and age and sex of patients (p>0.05). However, hypomagnesemia was found to be significantly associated with the duration of diabetes mellitus among study population (p=0.02).CONCLUSIONS: Hypomagnesemia is frequently present in patients with diabetes mellitus and it appears that its prevalence increases with the duration of diabetes mellitus.

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PMID: 

Inflammopharmacology. 2019 Aug ;27(4):649-661. Epub 2019 Jun 6. PMID: 31172335

Abstract Title: 

The role of magnesium in different inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: 

Magnesium deficiency (MgD) can cause inflammation in human body. The known mechanisms of inflammation caused by MgD include activation of phagocytic cells, opening of calcium channels, activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, and activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. In addition, MgD causes systemic stress response through neuroendocrinological pathways. The inflammation caused by MgD can result in pro-atherogenic changes in the metabolism of lipoproteins, endothelial dysfunction, and high blood pressure. Studies suggest that magnesium may play an importantrole in the pathophysiology of some inflammatory diseases. Several clinical trials and laboratory studies have been done on the functional role of magnesium. In this study, we review some inflammatory diseases, in which the magnesium has a role in their pathophysiology. Among these diseases, diabetes, asthma, preeclampsia, atherosclerosis, heart damage, and rheumatoid arthritis have been highlighted.

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PMID: 

J Family Med Prim Care. 2019 May ;8(5):1671-1677. PMID: 31198735

Abstract Title: 

Association of serum magnesium with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract: 

Introduction and Objective: The rising burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) globally has led to huge morbidity and socioeconomic impact in developing countries. In India, too, it has become a silent epidemic and it is estimated that there are over 60 million diabetics. Although in recent years, a lot of research papers have come up on the management of diabetes, latest treatment modalities may not be affordable to all. So, it becomes imperative to prioritize research on prevention and primary care. Magnesium is an intracellular cation and coenzyme for various reactions of the glycolytic pathway. Hypomagnesemia has been shown to precipitate hyperglycemia and has, therefore, been implicated in insulin resistance and its microvascular complications. Poor glycemic control has been associated with retinopathy. Hence, we evaluated association of serum magnesium with T2DM and diabetic retinopathy.Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study in North India, 250 consenting adult patients from outpatient department of family medicine of our hospital were recruited. Critically ill patients and those on magnesium supplements were excluded. Clinicolaboratory profile was evaluated. Patients were divided based on serum magnesium level≤ 1.7 mg/dL (group 1) and>1.7 mg/dL (group 2). Glycemic control and proportion of diabetic retinopathy were compared between these two groups by using univariate regression analysis.Results: Out of 250 patients, 110 patients (44%) were found to have hypomagnesemia. Glycemia by fasting blood sugar (= 0.02), post-Prandial blood sugar (= 0.04), and HbA(= 0.01) was poorly controlled in hypomagnesemia group. In group 1, 62.7% had non proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 21.8% had proliferative diabetic retinopathy, whereas in group 2, 14.3% had nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and 8.6% had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (

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