PMID: 

J Bone Miner Res. 2020 Feb 20. Epub 2020 Feb 20. PMID: 32078180

Abstract Title: 

Exercise may ameliorate the detrimental side effects of high vitamin D supplementation on muscle function in mice.

Abstract: 

Vitamin D (VitD) is commonly prescribed to normalise deficiencies and to treat osteoporosis. However, the effect VitD supplements have on skeletal muscle health is equivocal. While VitD is known to play a role in the various processes that maintain muscle integrity and function, recent studies utilising high bolus dose VitD supplementation has demonstrated an increased risk of falls. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high VitD supplementation on skeletal muscle function with and without exercise enrichment. Four-week old C57BL/10 mice (n = 48) were separated into either normal VitD (1500 IU/kg diet; unsupplemented) or high VitD (20,000 IU/kg diet; supplemented) treatment groups. Each dietary group was further separated into interventional sub-groups where mice either remained sedentary or received exercise-enrichment for eight weeks in the form of voluntary running. Following the intervention period, whole body in vivo and ex vivo contractile analysis were performed. High VitD supplementation decreased force production in the slow-twitch soleus muscles of sedentary mice (p 

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PMID: 

BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2020 Feb ;8(1). PMID: 32111717

Abstract Title: 

Maternal and paternal exercise regulate offspring metabolic health and beta cell phenotype.

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVE: Poor maternal and paternal environments increase the risk for obesity and diabetes in offspring, whereas maternal and paternal exercise in mice can improve offspring metabolic health. We determined the effects of combined maternal and paternal exercise on offspring health and the effects of parental exercise on offspring pancreas phenotype, a major tissue regulating glucose homeostasis.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Breeders were high fat fed and housed±running wheels before breeding (males) and before and during gestation (females). Offspring groups were: both parents sedentary (Sed); maternal exercise only (Mat Ex); paternal exercise only (Pat Ex); and maternal+paternal exercise (Mat+Pat Ex). Offspring were sedentary, chow fed, and studied atweaning, 12, 20 and 52 weeks.RESULTS: While there was no effect of parental exercise on glucose tolerance at younger ages, at 52 weeks, offspring of Mat Ex, Pat Ex and Mat+Pat Ex displayed lower glycemia and improved glucose tolerance. The greatest effects were in offspring from parents that both exercised (Mat+Pat Ex). Offspring from Mat Ex, Pat Ex, and Mat+Pat Ex had decreased beta cell size, whereas islet size and beta cell mass only decreased in Mat+Pat Ex offspring.CONCLUSIONS: Maternal and paternal exercise have additive effects to improve glucose tolerance in offspring as they age, accompanied by changes in the offspring endocrine pancreas. These findings have important implications for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.

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PMID: 

Transl Psychiatry. 2019 Nov 28 ;9(1):322. Epub 2019 Nov 28. PMID: 31780641

Abstract Title: 

Running exercise protects oligodendrocytes in the medial prefrontal cortex in chronic unpredictable stress rat model.

Abstract: 

Previous postmortem and animal studies have shown decreases in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) volume and the number of glial cells in the PFC of depression. Running exercise has been shown to alleviate depressive symptoms. However, the effects of running exercise on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) volume and oligodendrocytes in the mPFC of depressed patients and animals have not been investigated. To address these issues, adult male rats were subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 5 weeks, followed by treadmill running for 6 weeks. Then, the mPFC volume and the mPFC oligodendrocytes were investigated using stereology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and western blotting. Using a CUS paradigm that allowed for the analysis of anhedonia, we found that running exercise alleviated the deficits in sucrose preference, as well as the decrease in the mPFC volume. Meanwhile, we found that running exercise significantly increased the number of CNPaseoligodendrocytes and Olig2oligodendrocytes, reduced the ratio between Olig2/NG2oligodendrocytes and Olig2oligodendrocytes and increased myelin basic protein (MBP), CNPase and Olig2 protein expression in the mPFC of the CUS rat model. However, running exercise did not change NG2oligodendrocyte number in the mPFC in these rats. These results indicated that running exercise promoted the differentiation of oligodendrocytes and myelin-forming ability in the mPFC in the context of depression. These findings suggest that the beneficial effects of running exercise on mPFC volume and oligodendrocytes in mPFC might be an important structural basis for the antidepressant effects of running exercise.

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PMID: 

Dement Neurocogn Disord. 2019 Dec ;18(4):122-129. Epub 2019 Dec 24. PMID: 31942171

Abstract Title: 

The Effect of Multi-tasking Exercise Intervention on Cognitive Function in Elderly and Cognitive Impairment Patients: a Pilot Multicenter Study.

Abstract: 

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of multi-tasking exercise on cognitive and motor function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitive normal elderly (CNE).Methods: A total of 144 subjects were recruited from 14 regional dementia centers in Busan Metropolitan City. With the exception of 77 subjects unsuitable for the study, 67 subjects participated in the intervention. The Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS), Subject Memory Complain Questionnaire (SMCQ), and the Korean version of the Short-Form Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K) were used to determine changes in cognitive function and depressive symptoms pre-post intervention in patients with MCI and CNE, respectively. To observe changes in motor function, 5-chair sit to stand and 5-meter walking speed on the lower body strength and walking ability were also measured in both groups.Results: For the MCI group, changes in cognitive and depressive symptoms on the tasks of MMSE-DS (=0.006), SMCQ (=0.000), SGDS-K (=0.000) and the result of the motor function analysis on the items of 5-chair sit to stand (=0.000), normal speed (=0.004) and maximal speed (=0.002) of 5-meter walking speed (

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PMID: 

J Clin Psychiatry. 2020 Jan 21 ;81(1). Epub 2020 Jan 21. PMID: 31967748

Abstract Title: 

Exercise Intervention for Late-Life Depression: A Meta-Analysis.

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the association between physical exercise intervention (PEI) and reduction in depressive symptoms in older adults.DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EMBASE were searched from inception through December 2018 with no language restrictions using keywords related to exercise, depression, elderly adults, and randomized controlled trials.STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials comparing a sedentary control group, with no physically active intervention, to a supervised, moderate-to-vigorous PEI with participants aged≥ 60 years and having a primary outcome of depressive symptoms were included.DATA EXTRACTION: Data on pre- and post-intervention scores on scales measuring depressive symptoms were extracted using a standard form. Random-effects models were used to pool standardized mean differences (Hedges g) in depressive symptoms across studies.DATA SYNTHESIS: Nine studies involving 1,308 participants were included; mean participant age was 82 years. Moderate-to-vigorous PEI was associated with a medium effect size of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.27 to 1.01; z = 3.38; P

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PMID: 

Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020 Feb 5. Epub 2020 Feb 5. PMID: 32028456

Abstract Title: 

Effects of Exercise Training on Anxious-Depressive-like Behavior in Alzheimer Rat.

Abstract: 

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effects of treadmill training on anxious-depressive-like behaviors of transgenic Alzheimer rats in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and provided evidence of exercise in alleviating fear-avoidance behavior deficits.METHODS: Male 2-month-old TgF344-AD and wild-type (WT) rats were divided into WT (n = 9), AD (n = 8), and AD + treadmill exercise (Exe) groups (n = 12). After 8 months of exercise, the passive avoidance test, Barnes maze task, novel object recognition test, and object location test were used to measure learning and memory function. The open field test, elevated plus maze, sucrose preference test and forced swim test were conducted to determine the anxious-depressive-like behavior of AD rats. Immunofluorescence staining, Western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis, and related assay kits were used to measure inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, amyloid-beta production, and tau hyperphosphorylation.RESULTS: Behavioral tests revealed that 12-month old animals did not show any spatial learning and memory deficits but did display anxious-depressive-like behavior (open field, Center time: P = 0.008; Center entries: P = 0.009; Line crossings: P = 0.001). However, long-term exercise significantly inhibited anxious-depressive-like behavior in AD rats (Center time: P = 0.016; Center entries: P = 0.004; Line crossings: P = 0.033). In addition, these animals displayed increased Aβ deposition, Tau hyperphosphorylation, microgliosis, inflammatory cytokines release, and oxidative damage, which were attenuated significantly by long-term exercise training.CONCLUSION: Long-term exercise training alleviated anxious-depressive-like behavior and improved fear-avoidance behavior in transgenic AD rats, supporting exercise training as an effective approach to prevent anxiety, depression and fear-avoidance behavior deficits in the early stages of AD pathogenesis.

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PMID: 

CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2014 ;13(10):1640-53. PMID: 25470398

Abstract Title: 

Effects of physical exercise on depressive symptoms and biomarkers in depression.

Abstract: 

Regular physical exercise/activity has been shown repeatedly to promote positive benefits in cognitive, emotional and motor domains concomitant with reductions in distress and negative affect. It exerts a preventative role in anxiety and depressive states and facilitates psychological well-being in both adolescents and adults. Not least, several meta-analyses attest to improvements brought about by exercise. In the present treatise, the beneficial effects of exercise upon cognitive, executive function and working memory, emotional, self-esteem and depressed mood, motivational, anhedonia and psychomotor retardation, and somatic/physical, sleep disturbances and chronic aches and pains, categories of depression are discussed. Concurrently, the amelioration of several biomarkers associated with depressive states: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis homeostasis, anti-neurodegenerative effects, monoamine metabolism regulation and neuroimmune functioning. The notion that physical exercise may function as"scaffolding"that buttresses available network circuits, anti-inflammatory defences and neuroreparative processes, e.g. brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), holds a certain appeal.

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PMID: 

J Exp Pharmacol. 2019 ;11:39-51. Epub 2019 May 2. PMID: 31118835

Abstract Title: 

Bioactive fraction fromleaves (DLBS3733) reduces fat droplet by inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogenesis.

Abstract: 

Obesity has become a risk factor for metabolic diseases. One of the cellular characteristics of obesity is the occurrence of adipose cells hyperplasia.is a plant which has been used for the treatment of diabetes. Furthermore, some studies also indicated thatpossesses antiobesity activity. Its antiobesity activity was examined in the present study through adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis pathways.DLBS3733, a bioactive fraction of, was explored for its potential benefits to alter obesity through adipogenesis and lipogenesis inhibition and lipolysis induction activity.This study was performed using 3T3-L1 cells. mRNA level and protein expressions related to adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis pathways were assayed in this study.Antiadipogenic effects of DLBS3733 (15µg/mL) were found to be mediated by a significant downregulation of mRNA level of multicomponents involved in adipogenesis which include(CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha) and(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) by 75% and 80.1% (

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We can all agree that 50 tons of vitamin C pretty much qualifies as a megadose. We can also likely agree that trucking 50 tons of vitamin C, straight into Wuhan, should be big news. So why isn’t it?

PMID: 

Nutr Cancer. 2020 ;72(1):146-156. Epub 2019 May 31. PMID: 31149840

Abstract Title: 

Ethanolic Extract of(L.) Pers., Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in HepG2 Cells.

Abstract: 

(L.) Pers., (Lythraceae) also called Banaba is a native plant of southeast Asia and is widely used in traditional medicinal system. Herbal tea from banaba leaves are used to reduce weight and diabetes. We investigated the cytotoxic potentials of ethanolic banaba leaves extract (EBLE) against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line.leaves were extracted and obtained from M/s. Quimico Herbal Extract Manufacturer, Bengaluru, India, and it contains 20% corosolic acid. Cells were treated with 50, 100, and 150µg/ml of EBLE for 24 h, and cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis-related morphology was investigated by DAPI nuclear staining. Protein and gene expressions of p-Akt, FOXO1, p53, MDM2, p21, p27, CDK4, cyclin D1, and E1 were evaluated through Western blotting and qPCR. EBLE treatmentscaused significant, concentration-dependent cytotoxicity. DAPI staining and flow cytometry studies showed chromatin condensation, increased apoptotic cell population and cell cycle arrest at subG0/G1 phase upon EBLE treatments respectively. Furthermore, EBLE treatments significantly increased the expressions of p53, p21, p27, FOXO1, while p-Akt, MDM2, CDK4, cyclin D1, and E1 expressions were downregulated. These findings suggested that EBLE induces G1-phase of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. EBLE may serve as a therapeutic agent against hepatocellular carcinoma.

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