PMID: 

Pain Pract. 2007 Jun ;7(2):135-42. PMID: 17559483

Abstract Title: 

The beneficial effect of spinal cord stimulation in a patient with severe cerebral ischemia and upper extremity ischemic pain.

Abstract: 

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is used in the treatment of chronic pain, ischemia because of obstructive arterial disease, and anginal pain. Recently, a number of studies have described the effects of the high cervical SCS, including increased cerebral blood flow, although the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This case report describes a patient with a severe complex ischemic condition affecting both cerebral and upper limb blood flow with an associated complex regional pain syndrome in upper limb. While all previous clinical treatments proved ineffective, cervical SCS afforded satisfactory results. Possible mechanisms underlying the cervical SCS effect are discussed.

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PMID: 

Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018 10 ;62(19):e1800302. Epub 2018 Aug 7. PMID: 29987888

Abstract Title: 

Eucalyptol Inhibits Advanced Glycation End Products-Induced Disruption of Podocyte Slit Junctions by Suppressing Rage-Erk-C-Myc Signaling Pathway.

Abstract: 

SCOPE: The maintenance of interpodocyte slit diaphragm is critical in the sieving function of glomerular filtration barrier. Eucalyptol is a natural constituent in aromatic plants with antioxidant properties. This study investigates whether and how eucalyptol inhibits podocyte slit diaphragm malfunction in glucose-exposed podocytes and diabetic mouse kidneys.METHODS AND RESULTS: Podocytes were incubated in media containing 33 mm glucose with 1-20 μm eucalyptol. The in vivo model employed db/db mice orally administrated with 10 mg kgeucalyptol. Nontoxic eucalyptol enhanced podocyte expression of nephrin, podocin, FAT-1, CD2AP, andα-actinin-4 diminished by glucose. Oral administration of eucalyptol augmented the induction of the slit diaphragm proteins, α-actinin-4, and integrin β1 in diabetic kidneys, and ameliorated glomerular fibrosis and foot process effacement. Eucalyptol counteracted the receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) induction in podocytes with glucose or AGE-BSA, and elevated the reduction of the slit diaphragm proteins by AGE-BSA. Eucalyptol attenuated the RAGE induction and AGE accumulation in diabetic kidneys. The blockade of ERK-c-Myc signaling enhanced the nephrin and CD2AP expressiondownregulated in AGE-exposed podocytes. These results indicate that eucalyptol blocked glucose-induced AGE-RAGE axis and podocyte injury through disturbing RAGE-ERK-c-Myc signaling.CONCLUSION: Eucalyptol may be a potent agent antagonizing diabetes-associated malformation of interpodocyte slit junction and podocyte actin cytoskeleton.

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PMID: 

Br J Pharmacol. 2019 Dec 27. Epub 2019 Dec 27. PMID: 31883118

Abstract Title: 

Eucalyptol alleviates inflammation and pain responses in a mouse model of gout arthritis.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Gout arthritis, which is provoked by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal accumulation in the joint and periarticular tissues, induces severe pain and affects quality of life of the patients. Eucalyptol (1,8-cineol), the principal component in the essential oils of eucalyptus leaves, is known to possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. We aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of eucalyptol on gout arthritis and related mechanisms.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: A mouse model of gout arthritis was established via MSU injection into the ankle joint. Ankle oedema, mechanical allodynia, neutrophil infiltration, oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome, and TRPV1 expression were examined.KEY RESULTS: Eucalyptol attenuated MSU-induced mechanical allodynia and ankle oedema in dose-dependently, with effectiveness similar to indomethacin. Eucalyptol reduced inflammatory cell infiltrations in ankle tissues. Eucalyptol inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production induced by MSU in ankle tissues in vivo. Eucalyptol reduced oxidative stress induced by MSU in RAW264.7 cells in vitro as well as in ankle tissues in vivo, indicated by an increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduction of ROS. Eucalyptol attenuated MSU-induced up-regulation of TRPV1 expression in ankle tissues and dorsal root ganglion neurons innervating the ankle. The in vivo effects of eucalyptol on ankle oedema, mechanical allodynia, NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, and TRPV1 expression were mimicked by treating MSU-injected mice with antioxidants.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Eucalyptol alleviates MSU-induced pain and inflammation via mechanisms possibly involving anti-oxidative effect. Eucalyptol and other antioxidants may represent promising therapeutic options for gout arthritis.

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PMID: 

Am J Chin Med. 2018 ;46(2):423-433. Epub 2018 Feb 12. PMID: 29433388

Abstract Title: 

Eucalyptus globulus Inhibits Inflammasome-Activated Pro-Inflammatory Responses and Ameliorate Monosodium Urate-Induced Peritonitis in Murine Experimental Model.

Abstract: 

Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (E. globulus, Myrtaceae) is used in Europe as a traditional folk remedy for inflammation-related disorders such as arthritis, diabetes, asthma, and gout. We investigated this study to evaluate the protective effects of E. globulus extract (EG) on inflammatory responses, and provide scientific and mechanistic evidence in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. LPS-stimulated murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were used to study the regulatory effect of EG on inflammasome activation in vitro. Monosodium urate (MSU)-induced peritonitis was used to study the effect of EG in an in vivo murine model. EG suppressed IL-[Formula: see text] secretion via the regulation of apoptosis-associated speck-like proteins containing a CARD (ASC) oligomerization and caspase-1 maturation, leading to the inhibition of inflammasome activation. In the in vivo study, EG suppressed the MSU-induced peritonitis by attenuating interleukin (IL)-1[Formula: see text], providing scientific support for its traditional use in the treatment of inflammation-related disorders.

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There is only one existing treatment for the new coronavirus: vitamin C

PMID: 

Chin J Physiol. 2018 Oct 31 ;61(5):257-265. PMID: 30384399

Abstract Title: 

Anti-Fatigue, Antioxidation, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Eucalyptus Oil Aromatherapy in Swimming-Exercised Rats.

Abstract: 

Eucalyptus globulus possesses important pharmacological activities, including antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the anti-fatigue, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory
effects of eucalyptus essential oil after swimming exercise using an animal model. Male Sprague–
Dawley rats were administered eucalyptus oil (200 μL/h) daily via inhalation (15 min), and anti-fatigue
effects were assessed following eucalyptus essential oil administration for 2 or 4 weeks when forced
to swim until exhaustion while carrying ~5% body weight-equivalent. To assess antioxidantand
anti-inflammatory effects, control and oil-treated groups were subjected to swimming, which was
intensified from 90 min to 120 min daily over 4 weeks, with non-swimming groups included as
controls. The 2- and 4-week-treated rats increased their swimming-to-exhaustion time by 46 s and
111 s, respectively. Additionally, lactate (LA), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH) activities increased significantly in the non-treated swimming relative to levels observed
in the non-swimming groups (P

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PMID: 

Clin Sports Med. 2015 Apr ;34(2):363-74. Epub 2015 Jan 24. PMID: 25818719

Abstract Title: 

Treating tendinopathy: perspective on anti-inflammatory intervention and therapeutic exercise.

Abstract: 

Tendinopathy is a common and complex disorder. Once viewed as an inflammatory condition labeled tendinitis, it is now viewed along a continuum that can lead to tissue necrosis and risk of tendon rupture. Anti-inflammatory medications can alter symptoms but may also promote tissue degeneration. Loading of the tendon through exercise, especially exercise involving eccentric muscle contraction, has been shown to promote symptom resolution and functional recovery in many patients. This article reviews the pathoetiology of tendinopathy and the role anti-inflammatory interventions and therapeutic exercise in treatment of active patients.

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PMID: 

Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jun 13 ;18(6). Epub 2017 Jun 13. PMID: 28608819

Abstract Title: 

The Therapeutic Potential of Anti-Inflammatory Exerkines in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis.

Abstract: 

Although many cardiovascular (CVD) medications, such as antithrombotics, statins, and antihypertensives, have been identified to treat atherosclerosis, at most, many of these therapeutic agents only delay its progression. A growing body of evidence suggests physical exercise could be implemented as a non-pharmacologic treatment due to its pro-metabolic, multisystemic, and anti-inflammatory benefits. Specifically, it has been discovered that certain anti-inflammatory peptides, metabolites, and RNA species (collectively termed"exerkines") are released in response to exercise that could facilitate these benefits and could serve as potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis. However, much of the relationship between exercise and these exerkines remains unanswered, and there are several challenges in the discovery and validation of these exerkines. This review primarily highlights major anti-inflammatory exerkines that could serve as potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis. To provide some context and comparison for the therapeutic potential of exerkines, the anti-inflammatory, multisystemic benefits of exercise, the basic mechanisms of atherosclerosis, and the limited efficacies of current anti-inflammatory therapeutics for atherosclerosis are briefly summarized. Finally, key challenges and future directions for exploiting these exerkines in the treatment of atherosclerosis are discussed.

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PMID: 

Life Sci. 2018 Jun 15 ;203:150-160. Epub 2018 Apr 23. PMID: 29698651

Abstract Title: 

Resistance exercise modulates male factor infertility through anti-inflammatory and antioxidative mechanisms in infertile men: A RCT.

Abstract: 

AIMS: Inflammation and oxidative stress appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of male factor infertility. Exercise training has been shown to strengthen antioxidant defenceses and attenuate inflammation across body fluids, organs and tissues. However, the effect of resistance exercise training upon male factor infertility is unknown. Our aim was to investigate the effects of resistance exercise training on markers of male reproduction and reproductive performance in infertile patients.MAIN METHODS: This study evaluated the changes in seminal oxidative stress status, inflammatory biomarkers, semen parameters, sperm DNA integrity and pregnancy rate following 24 weeks of resistance exercise in infertile patients. A total of 1228 sedentary infertile patient (aged 25-40 years) were screened and 430 were randomized to exercise (EX, n = 216) and non-exercise (NON-EX, n = 214) groups. Semen samples were taken before, 12 and 24 weeks as well as 7 and 30 days during recovery.KEY FINDINGS: Exercise intervention favorably attenuated inflammation as indicated by seminal cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α), oxidative stress (SOD, MDA and 8-isoprostane) and enhanced antioxidants (SOD and catalase) (P 

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PMID: 

Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2007 Dec ;14(6):837-43. PMID: 18043308

Abstract Title: 

The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic inflammation are strongly related to increased cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether an aerobic training programme would ameliorate inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 DM.DESIGN: Interventional study.METHODS: A total of 60 overweight individuals with type 2 DM, but without vascular complications, were randomly assigned to either a 6-month aerobic exercise training programme (four times/week, 45-60 min/session), designated as exercise group, or to the control group. All participants were on an oral antidiabetic regimen and none was receiving lipid-lowering medications. Anthropometric parameters, cardiorespiratory fitness, glycaemic and lipid profiles, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs CRP), adiponectin, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-18, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, insulin, reciprocal index of homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), body fat and blood pressure (BP) were measured at baseline and at the end of the study.RESULTS: In comparison with baseline and control group, exercise-treated patients improved glucose control, lipid profile, exercise capacity (VO2 peak) and exhibited decreased insulin resistance and systolic BP considerably (P0.05), whereas diastolic BP and fat mass tended to decrease (P=0.071 and 0.061, respectively). Exercise training reduced hs CRP (from 0.48+/-0.16 to 0.29+/-0.2 mg/dl; P=0.04) and IL-18 (from 315.19+/-122.76 to 203.77+/-96.02 pg/ml; P=0.02). Moreover, exercise provided anti-inflammatory protection through IL-10 increment (P=0.039) and IL-18/IL-10 ratio downregulation (P=0.014). In multiple regression analysis, alteration in IL-18 was independently correlated with hs CRP and VO2 peak changes (P

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