PMID: 

Food Funct. 2019 Dec 11 ;10(12):8081-8093. PMID: 31735943

Abstract Title: 

Pectin oligosaccharides from hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge. Var. major) inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products in infant formula milk powder.

Abstract: 

Pectin oligosaccharides (POSs) can not only be used as prebiotics to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestine but also can be used as natural food-borne antiglycation agents to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in vitro, which is related to their structure, including molecular weight and galacturonic acid content. In this study, haw polysaccharides (HPSs) were isolated and purified, and POSs with high antiglycation activity in vitro were prepared. On this basis, the inhibitory effect of POSs on the formation of AGEs in infant formula milk powder was investigated. The results showed that no obvious inhibitory effect of POSs was found on the formation of AGEs in infant formula milk powder under accelerated storage at 25°C and 45 °C. But, POSs showed a strong inhibitory effect on the formation of furosine, Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML), Nε-carboxyethyllysine (CEL) and the total AGEs in infant formula milk powder under accelerated storage at 65 °C. In addition, POSs also had a strong inhibitory effect on the formation of lipid oxidation products but did not affect the formation of protein degradation products. Simultaneously, the cytotoxicity experiments using human umbilical vein endothelial cells showed that the infant formula milk powder supplemented with POSs had the lowest cytotoxicity compared to theblank control (BC) and GOS/FOS supplementation milk powder under accelerated storage at 65 °C, which may be related to the inhibitory effect of POSs on the formation of AGEs in infant formula milk powder. Furthermore, the in vitro fermentation experiments showed that the antiglycation process didnot affect the prebiotic activity of POSs in infant formula milk powder.

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PMID: 

Planta Med. 2019 Nov 19. Epub 2019 Nov 19. PMID: 31745939

Abstract Title: 

Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) Phenolic Extract Modulates Lymphocyte Subsets and Humoral Immune Response in Mice.

Abstract: 

This study investigated the effect of hawthorn () phenolic extract on lymphocyte subsets in the lymphoid organs in nonimmunized mice and on humoral immune response in sheep red blood cell-immunized mice. Hawthorn phenolic extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) was administered orally five or ten times. Sheep red blood cells were injected 24 h after administration of the last extract dose. The lymphocyte subsets were assessed 24 and 72 h after the last dose. Humoral immune response was determined 4 and 7 days after immunization. Five doses ofthe extract decreased the percentage of CD4CD8and CD4thymocytes but elevated the percentage of CD4CD8and CD8thymic cells. The extract increased the total number, percentage, and absolute count of T and B splenocytes. When administered five times, it lowered the percentage of T lymphocytes, but boosted the population of B lymphocytes of mesenteric lymph nodes (after 24 h). However, a rise in the population of T lymphocytes was observed 72 h after five and ten doses. The extract administered ten times elevated the number of plaque-forming cells and total anti-sheep red blood cell hemagglutinin titer but reduced the 2-ME-resistant antibody titer (day 7). At thesame time, five doses of the extract increased antibody titers. Considering its impact on lymphocyte subsets and humoral immune response, hawthorn extract may be used as an immunomodulator.

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PMID: 

Lipids Health Dis. 2019 Nov 14 ;18(1):196. Epub 2019 Nov 14. PMID: 31727081

Abstract Title: 

Lawsonia inermis essential oil: extraction optimization by RSM, antioxidant activity, lipid peroxydation and antiproliferative effects.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: The present study was focused on the optimization of yield of the essential oil extraction from leaves of Lawsonia inermis, and the determination of chemical composition, antioxidant activities, and lipid peroxydation and antiproliferative effects.METHODS: Henna essential oil (HeEO) were extracted by hydrodistillation; the identification of the chemical composition were done by GC/MS method. HeEO was analyzed for antioxidant power in: (1) chemical system by the DPPH test, the ABTS test and the total antioxidant activity test; and (2) in biological system by lipid peroxydation tests (MDA and DC) in cells culture. The cytotoxicity effects of HeEO were assessed using MTT assay against Raji and HeLa cell lines.RESULTS: The optimal extraction yield was 6.8 g/100 g d.b. HeEO showed a remarkable anti-oxidant activities including DDPH (42%), ABTS (87%) and the power of ammonium phosphomolybdate (2992 ± 230 mg of HeEO by equivalent to 1 mg of vitamin C in terms of total antioxidant power).CONCLUSION: Beyond notable antioxidant activities of the HeEo, our results showed a significant decrease in the production of ERO in the Raji cell line. The anti-tumor power of the Henna essential oil shows an interesting cytotoxicity effect (ICat 0.26 μg/mL for Raji and at 1.43 μg/mL for HeLa) with a total mortality percentage reaching 60%, for both.

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PMID: 

Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2019 Nov 30 ;39(11):1376-1380. PMID: 31852654

Abstract Title: 

[Therapeutic effect of,. andon androgenetic alopecia in mice].

Abstract: 

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of,. andin a C57BL/6 mouse model of androgenetic alopecia and explore the mechanisms.METHODS: Forty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomized equally into blank control group, androgenetic alopecia model group,group,. group,group and minoxidil group. In all but those in the blank control group, the mice were subjected to dorsal subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate solution (daily dose 5 mg/kg) to establish models of androgenetic alopecia and received subsequent treatment with topical application of the corresponding drugs on a daily basis for 35 days. The concentrations of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and 5α reductase type Ⅱ in the serum and skin tissue were measured, and the histopathological changes of the skin tissues were observed.RESULTS: All the tested drugs were capable of promoting new hair growth in the dorsal skin lesions of the mice. Among these drugs,produced the most pronounced therapeutic effect and resulted in the highest dorsal hair density and a color change of the dorsal skin into gray;. showed the poorest therapeutic effect and resulted in the lowest dorsal hair density. The total number of follicles and the number of terminal hair follicles in a given field were significantly higher in all the drug treatment groups than in the model group (

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PMID: 

Front Pharmacol. 2019 ;10:1357. Epub 2019 Nov 27. PMID: 31849643

Abstract Title: 

Extract WS®1442 Stimulates Cardiomyogenesis and Angiogenesis From Stem Cells: A Possible New Pharmacology for Hawthorn?

Abstract: 

Extracts from the leaves and flowers ofspp. (i.e., hawthorn species) have been traditionally used with documented preclinical and clinical activities in cardiovascular medicine. Based on reported positive effects on heart muscle after ischemic injury and the overall cardioprotective profile, the present study addressed potential contributions ofextracts to cardiopoietic differentiation from stem cells. The quantifiedextract WS1442 stimulated cardiomyogenesis from murine and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Mechanistically, this effect was found to be induced by promoting differentiation of cardiovascular progenitor cell populations but not by proliferation. Bioassay-guided fractionation, phytochemical and analytical profiling suggested high-molecular weight ingredients as the active principle with at least part of the activity due to oligomeric procyanidines (OPCs) with a degree of polymerization between 3 and 6 (DP3-6). Transcriptome profiling in mESCs suggested two main, plausible mechanisms: These were early, stress-associated cellular events along with the modulation of distinct developmental pathways, including the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and retinoic acid as well as the inhibition of transforming growth factorβ/bone morphogenetic protein (TGFβ/BMP) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. In addition, WS1442 stimulated angiogenesisin Sca-1progenitor cells from adult mice hearts. Thesedata provide evidence for a differentiation promoting activity of WS1442 on distinct cardiovascular stem/progenitor cells that could be valuable for therapeutic heart regeneration after myocardial infarction. However, therelevance of this new pharmacological activity ofspp. remains to be investigated and active ingredients from bioactive fractions will have to be further characterized.

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PMID: 

Phytother Res. 2019 Dec 25. Epub 2019 Dec 25. PMID: 31876052

Abstract Title: 

Double-blind placebo controlled trial of the anxiolytic effects of a standardized Echinacea extract.

Abstract: 

Earlier studies suggested that specific Echinacea preparations might decrease anxiety. To further study the issue, we performed a double blind, placebo controlled trial with a standardized Echinacea angustifolia root extract. Participants were volunteers scoring above 45 points on the state or on the trait subscale of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). They were treated with 40 mg Echinacea or with placebo tablets twice daily for 7 days followed by a 3 week-long washout period. Participants were also administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). In the Echinacea group, state anxiety scores decreased by approximately 11 points by the end of the treatment period, whereas the decrease was around 3-points in the placebo group (p

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PMID: 

Neurochem Res. 2019 Nov 28. Epub 2019 Nov 28. PMID: 31782104

Abstract Title: 

Ameliorative Effect of Hesperidin Against Motion Sickness by Modulating Histamine and Histamine H1 Receptor Expression.

Abstract: 

Motion sickness (MS) is the visceral discomfort caused due to contradicting visual and vestibular inputs to the brain leading to nausea and vomiting. Sensory conflict theory which proves histamine elevations as the primary reason for MS provides a path for an effective pharmaco-therapy. We aimed to evaluate the anti-MS effect of hesperidin (HSP) by modulating histamine and histamine receptor H1 (HRH1) expression. The inhibitory effect of HSP on histamine release was studied in KU812 cells treated with 10µM calcium ionophore. The in vivo anti-MS effect of HSP was evaluated in Balb/c mice. Thirty six mice were divided into six groups namely, normal control (NC, no rotation), hesperidin at 80 mg/kg body weight control (HSP80, no rotation), motion sickness (MS, rotation induced), dimenhydrinate (Standard drug) at 20 mg/kg body weight + rotation (STD + MS), hesperidin at 40 mg/kg body weight + rotation (HSP40 + MS) and hesperidin at 80 mg/kg body weight + rotation (HSP80 + MS). Hypothalamus and brainstem samples were analysed for histamine levels and HRH1 expression by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. Calcium ionophore treated KU812 cells significantly increased histamine release when compared to control cells. Pre-treatment with HSP inhibited histamine, HRH1 mRNA and protein expression. Histamine, HRH1 mRNA and protein expression in hypothalamus and brainstem samples of MS group increased significantly when compared to the NC group. Pre-treatment with HSP significantly reduced histamine, HRH1 mRNA and protein expression. Thus, indicating that HSP has a potent anti- MS effect by decreasing the elevated levels of histamine, HRH1 mRNA and protein expression in hypothalamus and brainstem regions.

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PMID: 

Andrology. 2020 Jan ;8(1):249-258. Epub 2019 Jul 19. PMID: 31325243

Abstract Title: 

Hesperidin attenuated apoptotic-related genes in testicle of a male rat model of varicocoele.

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND: Varicocoele is a swollen bulge of the pampiniform venous plexus inside the scrotum. It is also considered one of the causes of infertility in males. It has been demonstrated that hesperidin has remarkable pharmacological potentials, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticarcinogenic effects.OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of hesperidin on varicocoele-induced testicular tissue damage and oxidative stress in the testicles of adult male rats.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Animals were assigned into the following groups: control group (Ctrl) or sham, varicocoele group (Vcl) which received no treatment, varicocoele group that was daily fed with hesperidin (Vcl+Hsp) at a dose of 50 mg/kg for eight weeks, and hesperidin group (Hsp) which received only hesperidin. At the end of the treatment period, the levels of oxidative stress markers were measured in plasma, and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was determined by immunocytochemistry and RT-qPCR methods. The index of apoptosis was assessed by the TUNEL assay.RESULTS: Johnsen's score, the epithelium thickness, and diameter of seminiferous tubules were improved in the Vcl+Hsp group as compared to the Vcl group. Treatment with hesperidin enhanced the serum levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes and decreased the heightened concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in testicular tissue (p 

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PMID: 

Neurosci Lett. 2020 Jan 10 ;715:134619. Epub 2019 Nov 9. PMID: 31715292

Abstract Title: 

Hesperidin improves motor disability in rat spinal cord injury through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanism via Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.

Abstract: 

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with inflammation with concurrent oxidative stress and glial activation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether hesperidin, a representative flavonoid in citrus fruits, ameliorates SCI-induced motor dysfunction and neuro-pathologic degeneration in rat model. Rats received hesperidin (100 mg/kg body weight/daily, oral administration) from 7 days prior to SCI to 7 days post SCI. Behavioral test was done on rats with SCI until 6 weeks. For the study of inflammatory molecules in SCI rats with hesperidin treatment, rats were sacrificed at day 4 post SCI, and spinal cords were collected and studied histopathologically. Behavioral tests on hind-limbs of rats with SCI revealed that treatment of hesperidin in rats with SCI significantly ameliorate the hind-limb paralysis beginning at day 21 post SCI. Hesperidin treatment in rats with SCI reduced the neuropathological changes (e.g.,hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and tissue loss) and pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrotic factor-α and interleukin-1β. In addition, oxidative stress related molecules including superoxide dismutase, catalase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 and heme oxygenase-1 were also increased by hesperidin treatment. Furthermore, Fe, bilirubin and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, these by-product of heme catabolism in serum and spinal cord of rats with hesperidin-treatment groups were significantly increased compared with those of vehicle-treatment group. Collectively, this study implies that hesperidin accelerates recovery of locomotor function and tissue repair of damaged spinal cord, with concurrent upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 as far as rat SCI model is concerned.

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PMID: 

Heliyon. 2019 Oct ;5(10):e02521. Epub 2019 Nov 1. PMID: 31720442

Abstract Title: 

Chemopreventive effect of hesperidin, a citrus bioflavonoid in two stage skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice.

Abstract: 

The cancer-protective ability of hesperidin was investigated on 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. Topical application of DMBA+TPA on mice skin led to 100% tumour incidence and rise in average number of tumours. Administration of different doses of hesperidin (HPD) before (pre) or after (post) and continuous (pre and post) DMBA application significantly reduced tumour incidence and average number of tumours in comparison to DMBA+TPA treatment alone. Topical application of DMBA+TPA increased oxidative stress as shown by significantly increased TBARS values and reduced glutathione contents, and glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Hesperidin treatment significantly reduced TBARS values and elevated glutathione concentration and glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the skin/tumors of mice treated with HPD+DMBA+TPA, HPD+DMBA+TPA+HPD or DMBA+TPA+HPD when compared to DMBA+TPA application alone. The study of molecular mechanisms showed that hesperidin suppressed expression of Rassf7, Nrf2, PARP and NF-κB in a dose dependent manner with a maximum inhibition at the level of 300 mg/kg body weight hesperidin. In conclusion, oral administration of hesperidin protected mice against chemical carcinogenesis by increasing antioxidant status, reducing DMBA+TPA induced lipid peroxidation and inflammatory response, and repressing of Rassf7, Nrf2, PARP and NF-κB levels.

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