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Monocyte-lineage cells capture aluminum adjuvants which translocate to the brain. This translocation is enhanced by the potentiating effect of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, the levels of which are dependent on various factors.

PMID:

Bull Acad Natl Med. 2014 Jan ;198(1):37-48; discussion 49-53. PMID: 26259285

Abstract Title:

[Biopersistence and systemic distribution of intramuscularly injected particles: what impact on long-term tolerability of alum adjuvants?].

Abstract:

Aluminium oxyhydroxide (alum), a nanocrystalline compound that forms agglomerates, has been widely used as a vaccine adjuvant since 1927, but the mechanisms by which it stimulates immune responses remain poorly understood. Although generally well tolerated, alum may occasionally cause chronic health problems in presumably susceptible individuals. Some individuals may rarely develop delayed-onset diffuse myalgia, chronic exhaustion and cognitive dysfunction, associated with long-term persistence (up to 12 years) of alum-loaded macrophages at site of i.m. immunization, defining so-called macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF). Symptoms are consistent with the chronic fatigue/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) syndrome, and have been used as a paradigm of the"autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants"(ASIA). Cognitive dysfunction is reminiscent of that described in workers exposed to inhaled Al particles. Individual susceptibility may influence both alum biopersistence and difusion away from injection sites. Biopersistent particles such as fluorescent alum-coated nanohybrids, when injected into mouse muscle, are captured by monocyte-lineage cells and then carried to distant organs, draining lymph nodes and blood, probably via the thoracic duct, with delayed and accumulative translocation to the brain (microglial cells). Brain penetration occurs at extremely low levels in normal conditions, possibly explaining the good tolerance of alum despite its high neurotoxic potential. However, systemic diffusion is considerably enhanced by the potentiating effect of MCP-1, the main monocyte chemoattractant factor, the production of which is subject to marked variations linked to age and to genetic and environmental factors. Selective MCP-1 elevation is the only known circulating biomarker of MMF.

This data supports a causal relationship between the Hib vaccine and type 1 diabetes.

PMID:

BMJ. 1999 Oct 23 ;319(7217):1133. PMID: 10531116

Abstract Title:

Association between type 1 diabetes and hib vaccine. Causal relation is likely.

Abstract:

[n/a]

Nut consumption appears to exert a protective effect on cardiometabolic disease.

PMID:

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Dec 6 ;16(24). Epub 2019 Dec 6. PMID: 31817639

Abstract Title:

Does Nut Consumption Reduce Mortality and/or Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease? An Updated Review Based on Meta-Analyses.

Abstract:

: We aimed to determine if nut consumption decreases mortality and/or the risk of cardiometabolic diseases based on updated meta-analyses of epidemiological and intervention studies.METHODS: An updated electronic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Cochrane Library databases for original meta-analyses to investigate the effects of nut consumption on cardiometabolic disease in humans.RESULTS: Seven new meta-analyses were included in this updated review. Findings similar to our previous review were observed, showing that nut consumption significantly decreased cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (-19% to -25%;= 4), coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality (-24% to -30%;= 3), stroke mortality (-17% to -18%;= 3), CVD incidence (-15% to -19 %;= 4), CHD [or coronary artery disease (CAD)] incidence (-17% to -34%;= 8), and stroke incidence (-10% to -11%;= 6) comparing high with low categories of nut consumption. Fasting glucose levels (0.08 to 0.15 mmol/L;= 6), total cholesterol (TC; 0.021 to 0.30 mmol/L;= 10), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; 0.017 to 0.26 mmol/L;= 10) were significantly decreased with nut consumption compared with control diets. Body weight and blood pressure were not significantly affected by nut consumption.CONCLUSION: Nut consumption appears to exert a protective effect on cardiometabolic disease, possibly through improved concentrations of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL-C.

Case report of Haemophilus influenzae b meningitis in a 14-month-old child in spite of vaccination.

PMID:

Pathol Biol (Paris). 2005 Mar ;53(2):92-6. PMID: 15708653

Abstract Title:

[Vaccination failure: case report of Haemophilus influenzae b meningitis in a 14-month-old child].

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The generalization of the vaccination against H. influenzae b (Hib), according to its integration in the French vaccinal calendar, led to the incidence decrease of the purulent meningitis with Hib in young children, which became a so rare event.CASE REPORT: We described the case of a 14-months-old child showing a bacterial purulent meningitis with Hib, despite of a well driven vaccination.DISCUSSION: The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis was upset by the generalization of the anti-H. influenzae b vaccination. The use of combined vaccines specially reduced the incidence and the gravity of this pathology. Nevertheless, in spite of the excellent vaccinal coverage, the limited but real persistence of epiglottis or meningitis due to H. influenzae b should keep in mind of the biologists and the clinicians. Indeed, the chronic nasopharyngal carriage, the existence of not vaccinated or not answering people allow to consider the persistent risk of H. influenzae b bacterial meningitis.

Four premature infants developed apnoeas severe enough to warrant resuscitation after immunisation with diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT), and Haemophilus influenzae B (Hib).

PMID:

Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1999 Jul ;81(1):F67-8. PMID: 10375367

Abstract Title:

Severe apnoeas following immunisation in premature infants.

Abstract:

Four premature infants developed apnoeas severe enough to warrant resuscitation after immunisation with diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT), and Haemophilus influenzae B (Hib). One required re-intubation and ventilation. Although apnoeas after immunisation are recognised, they are not well documented. It is time for further research to elucidate the best time to immunise such infants.

215 case reports of hypotonic-hyporesponsive episodes following vaccinations, primarily the DTwP-Hib, DTap, or DTwP vaccines.

PMID:

Pediatrics. 2000 Oct ;106(4):E52. PMID: 11015547

Abstract Title:

Hypotonic-hyporesponsive episodes reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 1996-1998.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: A hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode (HHE) is the sudden onset of hypotonia, hyporesponsiveness, and pallor or cyanosis that occurs within 48 hours after childhood immunizations. This syndrome has been primarily associated with pertussis-containing vaccines administered to children

Case report of a hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode in a 7-month old infant after vaccination with intravenous poliovirus, DTaP, Hib, hepatitis B, and pneumococcal vaccines.

PMID:

Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005 Nov ;24(11):1010-1. PMID: 16282941

Abstract Title:

Hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode in a 7-month-old infant after receipt of multiple vaccinations.

Abstract:

A 7-month-old boy became difficult to arouse, was limp and had blue extremities 8 hours after immunization with intravenous poliovirus, diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b-hepatitis B virus and pneumococcal vaccines. The hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode had resolved by the time the infant was seen in an emergency department 1 hour later. The report describes hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode, encourages reporting of vaccine-associated adverse events and discusses prognosis and implications for subsequent immunization.

Two case reports of bacterial meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b a few days after the Hib vaccination.

PMID:

Case Rep Infect Dis. 2012 ;2012:950107. Epub 2012 Aug 16. PMID: 22953084

Abstract Title:

Haemophilus influenzae Type b Meningitis in the Short Period after Vaccination: A Reminder of the Phenomenon of Apparent Vaccine Failure.

Abstract:

We present two cases of bacterial meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) which developed a few days after conjugate Hib vaccination. This phenomenon of postimmunization provocative time period is reviewed and discussed. These cases serve as a reminder to clinicians of the risk, albeit rare, of invasive Hib disease in the short period after successful immunization.

A case report of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in a vaccinated and immunocompetent child.

PMID:

J Infect Public Health. 2017 May – Jun;10(3):339-342. Epub 2016 Jul 12. PMID: 27422142

Abstract Title:

Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in a vaccinated and immunocompetent child.

Abstract:

Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease decreased dramatically after the introduction of conjugate vaccine in routine immunization schedules. We report a case of a fifteen-months-old girl, previously healthy and vaccinated, admitted in the emergency room with fever and vomiting. She was irritable and the Brudzinski's sign was positive. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed pleocytosis and high protein level. Empiric intravenous antibiotics (ceftriaxone and vancomycin) were administered for suspected bacterial meningitis during 10 days. Serotyping of the Haemophilus influenzae strain found in CSF revealed a serotype b. After one year of follow-up no Hib meningitis sequelae were noted. Despite vaccination compliance and absence of risk factors, invasive Hib disease can occur due to vaccine failure. Efforts to keep the low incidence of invasive Hib disease should be directed to the maintenance of high vaccination coverage rates, combined with the notification and surveillance strategies already implemented in each country.

Neuroprotective efficiency of Mangifera indica leaves extract on cadmium-induced cortical damage.

PMID:

Metab Brain Dis. 2018 08 ;33(4):1121-1130. Epub 2018 Mar 20. PMID: 29557530

Abstract Title:

Neuroprotective efficiency of Mangifera indica leaves extract on cadmium-induced cortical damage in rats.

Abstract:

Due to the high ability of cadmium to cross the blood-brain barrier, cadmium (Cd) causes severe neurological damages. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the possible protective effect of Mangifera indica leaf extract (MLE) against Cd-induced neurotoxicity. Rats were divided into eight groups. Group 1 served as vehicle control group, groups 2, 3 and 4 received MLE (100, 200, 300 mg /kg b.wt, respectively). Group 5 was treated with CdCl(5 mg/kg b.wt). Groups 6, 7 and 8 were co-treated with MLE and CdClusing the same doses. All treatments were orally administered for 28 days. Cortical oxidative stress biomarkers [Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione content (GSH), oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interlukin-1β (IL-1β)], biogenic amines [norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT)], some biogenic metabolites [3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)], acetylcholine esterase activity (AChE) and purinergic compound [adenosine triphosphate (ATP)] were determined in frontal cortex of rats. Results indicated that Cd increased levels of the oxidative biomarkers (MDA, NO, GSSG and 8-OHdG) and the inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and IL-1β), while lowered GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx and ATP levels. Also, Cd significantly decreased the AChE activity and the tested biogenic amines while elevated the tested metabolites in the frontal cortex. Levels of all disrupted cortical parameters were alleviated by MLE co-administration. The MLE induced apparent protective effect on Cd-induced neurotoxicity in concern with its medium and higher doses which may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.