L-carnitine supplementation might have a positive effects in achieving an improved body weight and BMI especially in overweight and obese subjects.

n/a PMID:  Pharmacol Res. 2019 Nov 16:104554. Epub 2019 Nov 16. PMID: 31743774 Abstract Title:  Beneficial Effects of L-Carnitine Supplementation for Weight Management in Overweight and Obese Adults: An Updated Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Abstract:  Despite preclinical studies demonstrating the efficacy of L-carnitine supplementation for weight management, findings in clinical …

NP concentrations over 200 μg/mL are large enough to induce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects to cells.

PMID:  Dent Mater. 2015 May ;31(5):556-64. Epub 2015 Mar 6. PMID: 25749564 Abstract Title:  Cytotoxic and genotoxic characterization of aluminum and silicon oxide nanoparticles in macrophages. Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: Although aluminum oxide and silicon oxide nanoparticles are currently available as dental materials, there is a lack of basic information concerning their biocompatibility. This study evaluates the …

Immunization with aluminum adjuvants can be viewed as an amplifying factor and significant contributing risk factor for allergic diseases, especially in a genetically susceptible subpopulation.

PMID:  Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 05 3 ;15(5). Epub 2018 May 3. PMID: 29751492 Abstract Title:  Aluminum Adjuvant-Containing Vaccines in the Context of the Hygiene Hypothesis: A Risk Factor for Eosinophilia and Allergy in a Genetically Susceptible Subpopulation? Abstract:  There are similarities between the immune response following immunization with aluminum adjuvants and …

Aluminum nanoparticles are genotoxic in vitro.

PMID:  J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2016 Feb ;104(2):241-52. Epub 2015 Feb 26. PMID: 25715832 Abstract Title:  Investigation of the cytotoxicity of aluminum oxide nanoparticles and nanowires and their localization in L929 fibroblasts and RAW264 macrophages. Abstract:  The biological responses of aluminum oxide (Al2 O3 ) nanoparticles (NPs) and nanowires (NWs) in cultured …

Aluminum hydroxide-stimulated macrophages contain large and persistent intracellular crystalline inclusions.

PMID:  Vaccine. 2004 Aug 13 ;22(23-24):3127-35. PMID: 15297065 Abstract Title:  Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant induces macrophage differentiation towards a specialized antigen-presenting cell type. Abstract:  Aluminum hydroxide (AlOOH) has been used for many years as a vaccine adjuvant, but little is known about its mechanism of action. We investigated in this study the in vitro effect of …

Pre-licensure trials are primarily designed to investigate efficacy, not safety. These trials are limited in their ability to provide data on delayed reactions or reactions in subpopulations.

PMID:  Vaccine. 1999 Oct 29 ;17 Suppl 3:S41-6. PMID: 10559533 Abstract Title:  Vaccine risks: real, perceived and unknown. Abstract:  As immunizations successfully reduce the incidence of their target diseases, the vaccine community needs to evolve and recognize the increased relative prominence of vaccine safety. Just as the aviation community maintained public confidence by its continuous …

Using morin stain, this study demonstrates that macrophagic myofasciitis (mostly pediatric) patient’s macrophages test positive for aluminum.

PMID:  J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2017 04 1 ;76(4):323-331. PMID: 28340105 Abstract Title:  Morin Stain Detects Aluminum-Containing Macrophages in Macrophagic Myofasciitis and Vaccination Granuloma With High Sensitivity and Specificity. Abstract:  Macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) is an inflammatory condition associated with the intramuscular (i.m.) injection of aluminum adjuvant-containing vaccines. It is clinically characterized by myalgia, weakness, and …

This study rightfully criticizes the poor methodology of aluminum adjuvant safety studies.

PMID:  J Inorg Biochem. 2018 04 ;181:87-95. Epub 2017 Dec 28. PMID: 29307441 Abstract Title:  Critical analysis of reference studies on the toxicokinetics of aluminum-based adjuvants. Abstract:  We reviewed the three toxicokinetic reference studies commonly used to suggest that aluminum (Al)-based adjuvants are innocuous. A single experimental study was carried out using isotopic 26Al (Flarend …

This in vivo study adds to the evidence that aluminum adjuvants are linked to autoimmunity.

PMID:  Front Immunol. 2018 ;9:2406. Epub 2018 Oct 23. PMID: 30405610 Abstract Title:  Molecular Signature of Aluminum Hydroxide Adjuvant in Ovine PBMCs by Integrated mRNA and microRNA Transcriptome Sequencing. Abstract:  There have been fewstudies on the effect of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant and its influence on the immune response to vaccination. In this study, lambs received …

Presently, no population-based studies regarding the potential association between the Al in vaccines and the development of neurotoxicity have been conducted and we cannot draw firm conclusions about their safety.

PMID:  Vaccine. 2018 09 18 ;36(39):5825-5831. Epub 2018 Aug 20. PMID: 30139653 Abstract Title:  Aluminum in vaccines: Does it create a safety problem? Abstract:  For almost a century, aluminum (Al) in the form of Al oxyhydroxide (a crystalline compound), Al hydroxyphosphate (an amorphous Al phosphate hydroxide), Al phosphate, and Al potassium sulfate has been used …

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